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Ceza hukukunda kusurluluğu etkileyen geçici nedenler
No full text5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu'nda "Ceza Sorumluluğunu Kaldıran veya Azaltan Haller" başlığı altında hem hukuka uygunluk nedenleri hem de kusurluluğa etki eden nedenlere yer verilmiştir. Bu başlık altındaki TCK m. 34 hükmünde "Geçici nedenler, alkol veya uyuşturucu madde etkisinde olma" halinde failin cezai sorumluluğunun ne olacağına ilişkin düzenleme yer almaktadır.
Kitapta öncelikle kusurluluğa etki eden neden olarak kabul edilen geçici neden kavramının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için Türk Ceza Kanunu'nda yer verilen cezai sorumluluğu kaldıran veya azaltan nedenlere ve bunların hukuki değerlendirmesine yer verilmiştir. Bir sonraki bölümde, geçici neden kavramı ile geçici nedenlerin çeşitli ceza hukuku kurumlarıyla olan ilişkisine yer verilmiştir. Bölümün son kısmında bir takım ülkelerde geçici neden kurumunun uygulama, doktrinde ve kanun özelinde incelenmesine yer verilmiştir. Nihayet son bölümde ise geçici neden olarak kabul edilen çeşitli durumlar önce kavram olarak açıklanmış, sonrasında hukuki statüsüne ilişkin değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.No sponso
Financial inclusion, carbon footprint and human development nexus: The case of Türkiye
No full textIn an era marked by increasing global challenges related to sustainability and human well-being, this re search investigates the complex interrelationship between financial inclusion (FI), carbon footprint, and
human development in the unique context of Türkiye. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset spanning three
decades, we employ advanced econometric techniques, including the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares
(FMOLS) and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR), to shed light on this multifaceted nexus. The find ings reveal that FI, as gauged by the Financial Institutions and Financial Markets, significantly contributes
to Türkiye’s Human Development. Improved financial access and stability are associated with positive ad vancements in human development indicators over the long term. Additionally, our analysis underscores the
environmental dimension, as increased carbon dioxide emissions exhibit a detrimental impact on human
development. These results emphasize the importance of aligning economic progress with ecological sus tainability in Türkiye’s development trajectory. By employing both FMOLS and CCR, our research enhances
the comprehensiveness and robustness of the analysis. The combination of these methodologies not only
elucidates the causal relationships within this intricate nexus but also offers insights into policy measures
that can simultaneously foster FI, mitigate environmental degradation, and enhance human well-being in
Türkiye. This study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable development by providing empiri cal evidence on the interplay between FI, environmental concerns, and human development in Türkiye, ulti mately advancing our understanding of the complex dynamics underpinning national development efforts
in the twenty-first century.No sponso
Investigation of trunk control and balance in adolescents with hemiplegic cerebral palsy
No full textObjectives: In this study, the aim was to compare trunk control and balance in adolescents with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) to their typically developing peers.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight participants were included in this study. Nineteen of these children were Level I and II mildly affected children with CP between the ages of 10 and 18 according to the Gross Motor Function Classification system (mean age 13.262.94 years), while the other nineteen were typically developing adolescents between the ages of 10 and 18 (mean age 13.572.85 years). After sociodemographic information of adolescents was obtained, trunk control assessment was done with the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) and balance assessment was made with the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS).
Results: According to the results of the study, there was a significant difference in trunk control (95% CI (50.65 – 54.65), p=0.001) and balance (95% CI (53.21 – 54.99), p=0.001) between adolescents with hemiplegic CP and their typically developing peers.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that adolescents with mild hemiplegic CP exhibit weaker trunk control and balance compared to their typically developing peers. Even though the level of impairment in adolescents with CP is mild, adding exercises to rehabilitation programs aimed at improving trunk control and balance may contribute to motor development. We believe that this study should be repeated with a larger sample size.Amaç: Bu çalışmada, hemiplejik serebral palsili adölesanlarda gövde kontrolü ve dengenin tipik gelişim gösteren
yaşıtları ile karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 38 çocuk dahil edildi. Bu çocukların 19’u Kaba Motor Fonksiyon Sınıflandırma
sistemine göre Seviye I ve II hafif etkilenimli 10-18 yaş arası SP’li çocuk iken (ortalama yaş 13,262,94 yıl), diğer
19’u ise tipik gelişim gösteren 10-18 yaş arası 19 adölesandan (ortalama yaş 13,572,85 yıl) oluşmaktaydı.
Çocukların sosyodemografik bilgileri alındıktan sonra “Gövde Kontrol Ölçüm Skalası” (GKÖS) ile gövde
kontrolü, Pediatrik Denge Skalası (PBS) ile denge değerlendirmesi yapıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmanın sonucuna göre hemiplejik SP’li adölesanlar ile tipik gelişim gösteren yaşıtları arasında
gövde kontrolü (%95 CI (50,65 – 54,65), p=0,001) ve denge (%95 CI (53,21 – 54,99), p=0,001) açısından anlamlı
fark bulundu.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, hafif etkilenimli SP’li adölesanların tipik gelişim gösteren yaşıtlarına kıyasla gövde kontrolü
ve dengenin daha zayıf olduğunu göstermektedir. SP'li adölesanlarda etkilenim düzeyi hafif olsa da rehabilitasyon
programlarına gövde kontrolünü ve dengeyi geliştirecek egzersizlerin eklenmesinin motor gelişime katkı
sağlayabileceğini ve bu çalışmanın daha geniş bir örneklemle tekrarlanması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.No sponso
The moderating role of urbanisation in the environmental impact of economic complexity and capital formation: Evidence from OECD countries
No full textEnvironmental degradation remains a pressing challenge for high-income countries as they strive to balance economic growth with ecological sustainability. While previous studies have examined various drivers of environmental outcomes, the interplay between economic complexity, capital formation, and energy use has received limited attention. This study investigates how these factors influenced ecosystem vitality in high-income countries over the period of 2000–2022. Drawing on Ecological Modernisation Theory and the Environmental Kuznets Curve framework, this study employs four panel data estimation methods, Panel-Corrected Standard Errors, Driscoll–Kraay Estimators, Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood, and Feasible Generalised Least Squares, to address cross-sectional dependence, heteroskedasticity, and potential non-linearities. The analysis reveals three key findings. First, while economic complexity improves ecosystem vitality, this benefit weakens substantially in highly urbanised contexts, indicating diminishing returns to knowledge spillovers in dense urban environments. Second, urbanisation significantly reduces the negative environmental impacts of capital accumulation, suggesting that urban agglomeration enables more sustainable infrastructure deployment. Third, the urbanisation–environment relationship follows an inverted U-shape, with environmental pressures peaking at intermediate development stages before improving in advanced urban systems. Additionally, renewable energy adoption consistently improves ecosystem vitality, whereas energy intensity exerts negative effects, highlighting the urgency of comprehensive energy transition strategies. These findings demonstrate that urbanisation acts not as a uniform force, but as a dynamic variable requiring spatially differentiated strategies: governance and infrastructure optimisation in dense urban cores, complexity-driven innovation in peri-urban regions, and energy-intensity regulations across all development stages. These findings point to an integrated policy framework that addresses (1) density-sensitive economic complexity, (2) circular infrastructure investment, (3) institutional capacity building, and (4) multi-scalar energy transitions to better align urban development with environmental sustainability.No sponso
Berlin Eyalet Mahkemesi'nin narsistik kişilik bozukluğuna ilişkin 16 Ocak 2024 tarih ve 5 StR 322-23 sayılı kararı
No full textSavcılık tarafından yapılan temyiz başvurusu üzerine Berlin Eyalet Mahkemesi'nin 5 Ocak 2023 tarihli kararı, ceza hükmüne ilişkin bulgular nedeniyle bozulmuştur. Bozma kararı uyarınca dava, yeni duruşma ve katılan ile davacının yapmış olduğu zorunlu temyiz masrafları da dâhil olmak üzere yeni karar verilmesi için başka bir Eyalet Mahkemesi Ceza Dairesi'ne gönderilecektir. Sonraki temyiz talebi, 29 Kasım 2022 tarihinden itibaren katılma davasında 20.000 Euro'ya kadar olan faizin ödenmesi şartıyla dayanaktan yoksun bulunması nedeniyle reddedilmiştir.No sponso
Energy-efficient UAV routing optimization using genetic algorithms in dynamic logistics systems
No full textThis chapter is published as part of the edited book “Advances in Aerospace Engineering: Artificial Intelligence, Structures, Materials, and Optimization” by CRC Press / Taylor & Francis (October 2025). The study proposes a GA-based UAV routing optimization model for dynamic logistics operations. Bibliographic details and DOI are included to facilitate citation.The pandemic’s impacts aside, the growth of e-commerce and the development of drone technology have increased demand for freight transportation on a worldwide scale. In order to address this demand, unmanned aerial vehicles, or UAVs, have emerged as a practical logistics solution. Optimizing cargo UAV routes is the aim of this study, as it is expected to play a significant role in today’s logistics systems. Using randomized sites, the proposed methodology takes into account the unique requirements and constraints of cargo UAVs while aiming to minimize energy usage during routing. An optimized Genetic Algorithm (GA) with a focus on vehicle routing problems (VRPs) is used to find the optimal route that meets the requirements.
Unlike conventional routing methods, which often assume fixed points for service requests, this methodology permits the assumption of random sites to better mimic real-world scenarios. Scalable solutions for various operational circumstances are provided by the algorithm due to its capacity to manage varying quantities of service-requesting points. The results of the experiments conducted with varying numbers of service-requesting points demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. A respectable level of accuracy is revealed when comparing the exact solutions with the GA, particularly in situations with few points. Furthermore, the energy efficiency performance of the algorithm remains constant despite variations in the number of sites requesting services. All things considered, by concentrating on a particular objective, this work developed a revolutionary strategy for UAV routing optimization strategies to determine the best routes in dynamic, constantly changing logistical scenarios.No sponso
Multi-level trend analysis of extreme climate indices by a novel hybrid method of fuzzy logic and innovative trend analysis
No full textMulti-level trend analysis of extreme climate variables is an efficient method for in-depth investigation of the climate change impacts on ecohydrology. However, most of existing statistical methods do not reveal potential trends in different levels of data. In this study, a new approach namely Fuzzy Innovative Trend Analysis (FITA) was introduced that takes the advantages of fuzzy logic to improve and facilitate Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) abilities to multilevel trend detection at Extreme Climate Indices (ECIs). Regarding the graphical nature of the proposed method, two new indices, namely Grow Percent (GP) and Total Grow Percent (TGP) were suggested for quantifying the power of trend at distinct levels. The FITA was utilized for trend detection at three levels of four important ECIs related to precipitation and temperature. To this end, long-term (1960–2021) daily temperature and precipitation observations at six meteorology stations across diverse climatic zones of Iran were used. The multilevel trends attained by the FITA were further compared to those of ITA, Mann-Kendall (M-K), and Sen’s slope (SS) tests. The results indicated that the FITA provides promising results with higher interpretability and reliability than its counterparts at all stations. The underlying high-resolution trends detected at certain stations also pointed out that the M-K and SS tests may yield in misleading interpretations when they are used for identifying trends in ECIs.No sponso
The role of temperamental characteristics in growth rates of theory of mind: a turkish care types study
No full textBackground Environmental factors and child characteristics play roles in the development of the theory of mind (ToM). Objective This study investigates the impact of early rearing environment and child temperament on the development of the ToM by evaluating children under the care of social services at three different time points.
Methods This study included 112 children from institutions, 60 from care villages, 62 from group homes, and 51 from foster care. These children were tested at three time points with 8-month intervals. The age range of the children was 23–62 months at the first time point and 40–78 months at the third. Frustration and perceptual sensitivity as child temperamental characteristics were assessed with the Early Child Behavior Questionnaire and the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire, while ToM was evaluated with a ToM task battery.
Hierarchical linear modeling was performed to test the growth rate of ToM. Results A three-way interaction (Frustration × Care Type×Time) revealed that children’s ToM understandings significantly improved over time across most conditions for children with high frustration in both group homes and institutions as well as for children with low
frustration in institutions. However, children with low frustration in group homes did not show significant improvement, emphasizing the potential protective role of frustration in institutional settings.
Conclusions This study demonstrates the importance of child characteristics and early rearing environment on the development of the ToM over time.No sponso
The Effect of Abdominal Massage on Constipation Parameters in Intensive Care Patients: A Systematic Review
No full textObjective: Abdominal massage is a therapy used for common constipation problems in the intensive care unit. However, an updated review of studies investigating the effect of abdominal massage on constipation in the intensive care unit patients is needed. To review the studies on abdominal massage in patients with constipation in the intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: This review was conducted in May 2024 by searching electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science). The PEDro scale was employed for quality assessment. Results: Nine studies were included in the present review. Four articles were “moderate”, five articles were “good” level of evidence. Gastric residual volume measure was the most used method. Abdominal circumference, abdominal distention, vomiting, Constipation Risk Assessment Scale were the other outcome measures. Abdominal massage had significant effects on these outcome measures (p<0.05). Conclusion: Abdominal massage intervention has positive effects on abdominal circumference, abdominal distention, frequency and duration of defecation, frequency and incidence of constipation, and bowel noises. Abdominal massage may reliably reduce constipation in adult patients hospitalized in intensive care units.No sponso
Exploring the challenges of integrating geothermal energy in sport spots: A multi method research design
No full textRecently, the global need for renewable and sustainable energy reservoirs has gained significant momentum. Among the multiple renewable energy options, geothermal energy stands a particularly advantageous and promising option. This research provides useful information to support sustainable development via clean energy use in sports facilities. A mixed-methods is used, including a qualitative section (interview with experts and reviewing the previous papers), and two survey sections to validate the challenges. 23 experts participated in the qualitative section and initial variables were identified. There were 123 participants in survey one, and the data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and there were 137 participants in survey two, and the data were used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). to ensure adherence to subject-to-item ratio guidelines (5:1 for EFA, 10:1 for CFA) and statistical power for robust factor analysis. The results identified six main challenges and 18 sub-challenges. It was found that financial aspects pose a key challenge, as the upfront costs of installing geothermal systems can be higher compared to traditional energy sources. Another significant challenge is the scarcity of awareness and comprehension of geothermal technology. Technical complexities, as drilling and heat exchange system design, require specialized knowledge and expertise. Some practical options are presented for establishing geothermal energy use in sport facilities, including (1) financial incentives (e.g., government subsidies, public-private partnerships), (2) awareness campaigns targeting facility managers and policymakers, (3) technical training programs for geothermal system maintenance, and (4) streamlined permitting processes to reduce bureaucratic barriers.No sponso