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De sprekende zwijger. Willem van Oranje (1934) en het Oranjenationalisme van de jaren 30
No full textOp 3 oktober 2022 hield Abel van Oosterwijk, documentalist bij Eye Filmmuseum, onderstaande lezing in het Noord-Hollands Archief in Haarlem. Aanleiding was de tentoonstelling Willem van Oranje door een gekleurde bril over de beeldvorming over Willem van Oranje door de eeuwen heen. In opdracht van Eye Filmmuseum deed Van Oosterwijk onderzoek naar de totstandkoming van de film Willem van Oranje (1934), de eerste lange Nederlandse speelfilm met geluid. Van Oosterwijk toont middels verschillende archiefvondsten aan dat de productie van deze film sterk was ingegeven door het Oranjenationalisme van de jaren 30, en zelfs indirecte banden had met het fascisme. Willem van Oranje krijgt in de film een heldenstatus toebedeeld als de ‘Vader des Vaderlands’
A British Broadcasting Centenary and Media History
No full textBook review of: Martin Cooper, Radio’s Legacy in Popular Culture. The Sounds of British Broadcasting over the Decades (London: Bloomsbury, 2022); David Hendy, The BBC: a People’s History (London: Profile Books, 2022); Jamie Medhurst, The Early Years of Television and the BBC (Edinburgh University Press, 2022) and Simon J. Potter, This is the BBC. Entertaining the Nation, Speaking for Britain? 1922-2022 (Oxford University Press, 2022)
The Viability of Viewdata as a Mass Medium: A Case Study of Prestel, the Prototype for Computerized Information Systems, the Internet
No full textGreat Britain’s videotext Prestel was the first viewdata system in the world and is considered a prototype to the Internet. It was a planned, technological wonder for online information and communication that other countries adopted. After a whirlwind of demonstrations and promotions, it failed to achieve a mass market in its own country and its creators’ dreams of a networked world. This article analyses why and how Prestel was developed and marketed, and its public reception, using the framework of platform studies and adding systems theory
Showing - Becoming Aware - Learning. On the Pedagogical Dispositif of the Kulturfilm
No full textThe contribution presents in a first step those pedagogical and aesthetic concepts that have played an essential role in the development of the Kulturfilm (cultural film) as well as in its differentiation from the educational and instructional film. In a second step, from the perspective of educational science, we will examine which meaninggiving parameters also determine the pedagogical dispositive of (moving) images, which modalities of showing enable experience and learning, and which processes the (learning) subject goes through. In recent years, these questions have increasingly been linked to an examination of the term of attention (Neuendank, 2022). After an introduction to the concept of attention, it will be applied to a reading sketch of the Kulturfilm “Die Wunder des Films” which had selected and newly reassembled previously known educational and Kulturfilm material along a teaching of cinematic recording processes
Through Ice and Snow. Mountain Films as Educational Films in the 1920s and 1930s
No full textThe article focuses on two cinematic representations of alpinism and its multimedia performance practice in the popular education programmes of the Vienna Urania in the 1920s and 30s: First on Arnold Fanck’s early mountain film Im Kampf mit dem Berge (DE 1921). I am not concentrating on Fanck’s film version, but on the version produced by the Urania for popular education, which was distributed throughout Austria as Urania-Kulturfilm. I ask how the Urania utilised Im Kampf mit dem Berge as part of a media package (consisting of films, lectures and slides) and which media-pedagogical methods and practices were thereby employed. How did entertainment and instruction relate to each other? The second film I will look at is the ambitious Austrian amateur film Mit Steigeisen und Eispickel (c. 1934) produced and filmed by a group of mountaineers. I investigate how this film relates an established repertoire of images to elements of educational films to introduce the audience to new techniques of ice climbing: What techniques of showing and instructing are discernible and to what extent are the film and its performance practice ‘educational’? To sum it up, I interpret the mountain and alpine film as educational film and investigate the role and qualities attributed to the medium film as a teaching tool for conveying and disseminating contemporary ideas of the mountain and alpinism
The Nutslezing and the lantern: Public lectures with image projection organized by the Maatschappij tot Nut van 't Algemeen in the first decades of the 20th century
No full textPublic lectures were a typical social event to nineteenth and twentieth century audiences in the Netherlands. Among these, the so-called Nutslezingen were particularly well-known, eliciting praise, criticism, and mockery. The wide use of term Nutslezing is confirmed by its inclusion in the Van Dale dictionary with defines it as “lecture for a department of ‘t Nut.” The Maatschappij tot Nut van ’t Algemeen, Society for the Common Benefit, was established in the Netherlands in 1784, and the Nutslezingen were one of their earliest and certainly the most recognizable of their activities. In 1900, by becoming a member of the recently founded Vereeniging tot het houden van Voordrachten met Lichtbeelden, Association for the Organization of Illustrated Lectures, the departments of ‘t Nut gained access to a collection of slide-sets and readings which they could use for their lectures. Using Frank Kessler’s concept of the educational magic lantern dispositif, this article will examine how the projection of lantern slides was incorporated in the Nutslezingen and how the historical stakeholders, audiences, speakers, local board members, and the national administration of ‘t Nut engaged with the technology, in theory and in practice
Scholars’ Searching for Audio-Visual Information in Archives
No full textThis paper contributes insights into scholars’ information searching in audio-visual archives, more specifically in relation to postcolonial research projects. The paper introduces the concept of information needs based on the framework by Ingwersen. Further, the paper addresses the scholars’ search strategies and the search challenges they experienced. Insights are obtained via in-depth interviews with six scholars. The scholars adapt collection-specific search strategies and make extensive use of keyword searching. The study demonstrates the complexity of searching archives for information and how demanding searching is with respect to requiring domain knowledge, artefactual literacy, and archival intelligence. Finally, the importance of access to the expertise of archivists is confirmed
The Example of Joan of Arc. How a Belgian Teacher Created a Lesson Illustrated by Means of Lantern Slides
No full textDue to a lack of sources documenting everyday teaching practices, historians engaging with the use of the optical lantern in education have traditionally focused on the top-down implementation of the medium. This contribution presents a rare case study of how the medium was actually used by focusing on a lesson on the saint Joan of Arc that was taught by means of the optical lantern at a Catholic school for girls. This analysis is enabled by the preservation of an exceptionally rich collection of lantern slides and related materials, including a notebook with the text that was probably used during the projection of the images. These sources show that the teacher who was in charge of the lesson went to great lengths to combine various images and text fragments with each other, creating a unique narrative that corresponded to her Catholic worldview and goals
The Great Unseen. Photojournalism and the archive: from analogue to digital
No full textIntroduction to the special issue on photojournalism and the archive