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Spaarnestad: Biography of an Analogue Press Photo Archive
No full textThis article presents a biography of the Spaarnestad Collection in the National Archives, the largest analogue press photo archive in the Netherlands, originating from De Spaarnestad, a major publisher of illustrated magazines. In the origins, development and structure of the archive, as well as in the physical aspects and mutual coherence of the photos themselves, Spaarnestad’s role in the history of both photojournalism and the image industry is contained. Through digitisation, many analogue press photo archives, which previously had a utilitarian function as a company archive, have entered the public domain as a historical image bank. As a result, the original photos, which formed the basis of every publication in the twentieth century, are now available to researchers. A biography of, in this case, the Spaarnestad Collection, provides scholars with the relevant context to use these photos as historical sources and underlines the importance of the collection as a resourceful archive
A Virtual Journey through the Archives. An Interactive Story on Satire in Eastern Europe Explorations
No full textIntroduction to the interactive story
Editorial: Education & TV. Histories of a Vision
No full textThe articles included in this issue take into consideration the relationship between television and education in its broadest sense, offering historical studies of television programming, national policies, audience attitudes and evolving socio-political contexts. It includes case studies of different broadcasters, specific educational programming initiatives, government or state education policy delivered through the television medium, the intersections between broadcast programmes and what is retained in television archives. They cover Turkey, Germany, Italy, the UK, and Finland and map the period from the 1960s to the present day. All of this material helps situate educational provision on television within broader histories of both television as a form and education as an overarching idea or objective
Educational Television Goes Digital. Children’s Television and Italian Public Service Broadcasting During the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textSince its origins in the Fifties, Rai has always paid attention to pedagogical aspects of its offer, consistent with its Catholic inspiration, combining different genres and divulgation approaches. In the first years of its history, Italian public television represented a “second school” for different targets, producing iconic titles in learning and training. A particular branch of educational approach to television content has often been represented by the direct involvement of school groups within the programs, in the logic of game and soft competition oriented to the transmission of knowledge. During the Covid-19 pandemic, with the closure of schools and the deployment of distance teaching, Rai recovered its pivotal role in learning practices through TV programs; in a period marked by an increase of television and audiovisual consumption, Italian public service broadcasting played a distinctive role in diversifying learning opportunities of Italian students and adults
Anticipating Obsolescence
Get PDFInstitutions in charge of the preservation of immersive media are struggling to keep up with the technological developments and as there are no international guidelines, they are forced to define their own strategies. It is inevitable that immersive media will become obsolete, which increases the importance of documentation as the final remaining trace of an artwork. Tate Modern and NISV have collaborated in the creation of the ‘Preserving Immersive Media Knowledge Base’ (PIMKB), to centralize their knowledge regarding the preservation of immersive media. This study aims to contribute to the PIMKB by recommending implementations on how it can support institutions in defining sustainable documentation strategies for immersive media. Based on a review of five esteemed documentation strategies and interviews with professionals and artists, Annet Dekker’s three phase framework – process, presentation, recreation – was tested to the documentation of two case studies. The sample of case studies was selected for their extensive available documentation. Analysis of the documentation strategies resulted in a synthesis divided into the categories: tool,
documentation phase, characteristics and institutional aim. The synthesis was used to make recommendations into the documentation strategy of the case studies proposing a complementing strategy to the existing documentation to achieve a holistic approach. From the results, it was suggested that the PIMKB should take Dekker’s framework as a procedural structure, to demonstrate the various characteristics and iterations of an artwork. This allows for a holistic understanding of an artwork’s behavior and artistic intent for future recreation or for conservators to make weighed decisions in the future. Further research could complement these findings by exploring how this could function from an institutional perspective, looking more specifically at the affordances of the archive and information systems
Inward Outward, Emotion in the Archive: A Publication of the 2021 Inward Outward Symposium
Get PDFOn October 13–15, 2021, the second edition of the Inward Outward symposium took place online. Initiated between the KITLV and Sound and Vision, and with special support from the RCMC, Inward Outward brought together archival practitioners, artists, academics, and researchers to explore the status of moving image and sound archives as they intertwine with questions of coloniality, identity and race, focusing specifically around the theme of Emotion in the Archive. Inward Outward, Emotion in the Archive: A Publication of the 2021 Inward Outward Symposium collects different contributions from speakers of the symposium, reiterating and reflecting on the presentations that took place during the 3-day symposium. These contributions interrogate the interrelation of emotion and archival practices as they intersect with coloniality: Where do we encounter emotions, affects and feelings in the archive? How are these captured in both sounds and moving images and in the practices used to organise the archive? And, most pressingly, how do these emotions inspire us to unlearn and undo the dominant imperial practices and discourses that have determined our work so far
Memes, Satire, and the Legacy of TV Socialism
No full textThis article examines the phenomenon of internet memes not just as a pervasive form of digital communication with implications for political culture, but as a new satirical medium. Through the lens of socialist television satire, this article details how memes are an evolution of the venerable history of political satire that abridge past and future traditions of political humour as subversive criticism. This analysis is conducted primarily through a case study of Hungary, although similar memes in other contexts are cited to demonstrate the externalizability of these conclusions
The Great Transformation in Germany of 1989/90 from the View of Local Television (1990-1995)
No full textFrom 1989/90 to 1995 there was a clash of cultures in Europe and in Germany, West vs. East, in which power was unequally distributed. The approximately 40 Saxon local television programmes from this time represent - with the “view from below,” from East German people in rural and metropolitan areas – unique historical sources for the cultural memory of one of the most important historical cuts in the 20th century. The examination of these nearly never seen programmes and their re-staging today contribute to the revision of established representations, positions and assessments of this period. This contribution deals with the results of our research projects since 2017 (ongoing). We conducted re-runs of local TV programme clips throughout East German federal states (Länder). In the viewers today they did re-actualise life experiences as well as buried, repressed or (only) learned, acquired contexts and feelings of the saddle period of 1990 to 1995. This way, explanations can be given for the roots of current social problems and political discourses. For the first time in history, this singular pool of local television programmes contains the records of an important German and European transformation process through moving images, in a bottom-up production process of self-professionalized citizens, and not in a state TV top-down process of power elites. To date, these historical television sources have not been given any major attention, neither by researchers nor by politicians, nor by archives (apart from us)
Approaches on the Relation between Television and Education from Public Service Broadcasting to Private Broadcasting in Turkey
No full textThe educational role of television has been one of the most discussed issues in almost every period, both for its technical development and dissemination and the quality of the programs. This study investigates the establishment of the relationship between television and education in Turkey, its definition and changes. The change in approach toward the educational role of television from the early years of television broadcasting to the first half of the 1990s, when multi-channel private broadcasting began, is analysed based on a comparative analysis. This change is attempted to be contextualized within broader social, economic, and political developments that shaped the educational role assigned to television
How to Digitise 15 Million Press Photos: The STERN Photo Archive at the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
No full textIn 2019, the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (Bavarian State Library) took over the analogue archive of the weekly magazine stern. Digitising its 15 million pictures poses challenges in terms of logistics, process management and indexing that go beyond traditional librarian methods. In order to make the archive digitally available to the public, the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek is exploring new ways of organising digitisation workflows and indexing. The article describes the challenges inherent to the special nature of the archive and points out ways in which the library is currently addressing them