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A comprehensive comparison of convolutional neural network and visual transformer models on skin cancer classification
No full textRecent years have witnessed a notable rise in skin cancer cases, increasing the urgent need for accurate and timely diagnoses to ensure successful treatment and improve patient outcomes. Traditional diagnostic techniques, such as visual inspection, often involve subjective assessments that may lead to errors. As a result, deep learning algorithms have emerged as powerful and reliable alternatives for improving the accuracy and effectiveness of skin cancer identification. In this study, we conducted a thorough comparison of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Vision Transformer (ViT) models, examining various performance factors, such as parameter count, computational cost, and overall efficiency. We evaluated 15 advanced CNN models and 15 ViT models on the publicly available HAM10000 and ISIC 2019 datasets under the same training conditions. Our findings revealed that ViT models, particularly those based on the Swin architecture, outperformed CNN models, achieving an accuracy of 0.9212 on HAM10000 and 0.9187 on ISIC 2019. However, these models have significantly more parameters and require more computational resources compared to CNN models, which are less demanding due to their simpler convolutional operations. This trade-off highlights the increased memory usage and processing time of ViT, caused by their self-attention mechanisms, which are effective for capturing long-range dependencies in data. Despite higher computational demands, ViT offer superior accuracy in skin cancer classification compared to CNNs. This study indicates a need for future studies to enhance ViT models for improved computational efficiency or to develop hybrid algorithms that integrate the advantages of both techniques for clinical applications
Biochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, nutrient content, and morphological evaluation of leaves in cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.)
No full textBiohydrogen production from potato processing wastewater using double-chamber microbial electrolysis cell with Ru and Pd coated graphite cathodes
No full textMicrobial electrolysis cells (MECs) are promising for biohydrogen production from waste streams, yet their overall energy efficiency requires enhancement to be viable. This study, for the first time, utilized doublechamber MECs with graphite (Gr), ruthenium-coated graphite (Ru), and palladium-coated graphite (Pd) cathodes for biohydrogen production from potato processing wastewater under various applied voltages. The highest hydrogen evolution rate (HER) and energy efficiency (eta e) were achieved in the Ru reactor at 1.0 V, reaching 0.43 LH2 L- 1d- 1 and 106 %, respectively. These represent improvements of 81 % in HER and 33 % in eta e compared to the uncoated Gr reactor. The surface morphology of the Ru and Pd coated electrodes was characterized by SEM and XRD. Next-generation sequencing of the anode biofilm indicated a microbial community comprising polysaccharide-consuming bacteria, such as the phylum Bacteroidetes, and key exoelectrogens, including the genus Geobacter. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model (R2 = 0.9432) was also developed to simulate HER performance, confirming high performance of Ru-coated cathode under various voltages. A techno-economic analysis (TEA) was conducted to assess the effect of cathode coating on the payback period. The analysis revealed that Pd and Ru coatings reduced the payback period by approximately 36 % and 34 %, respectively
Sağlık Turizminde İnovatif Bir Ürün Olarak Talassoterapinin Değerlendirilmesi
No full textTurizm sektörü, dinamik bir yapıya sahipolarak inovatif ürünler geliştirme konusunda öncü sektörlerden biridir.Günümüzde ciddi önem kazanan alternatif turizm türlerinden biri şüphesiz sağlıkturizmidir. Turizm sektörünün en dinamik alt sektörü olan sağlık turizmininsadece önemi değil aynı zamanda turizm gelirleri içindeki payı ve ekonomikdeğeri de küresel ölçekte sürekli artmaktadır. Bunun temel sebeplerinden biri,turistlerin alışılmıştatil turizminden farklı olarak gidecekleri bölgede ayırt edici ürünlerideneyimlemek için yeni turizm türleri arayışında olmasıdır. Kendine has özellikleri ilebenzersiz ve inovatif bir sağlık turizmi ürünü olan talassoterapi, son yıllarda popüler olmayabaşlamış ve ürüne olan rağbet oldukça artmıştır. Deniz suyu, bakır, magnezyum,iyot, çinko, kalsiyum, potasyum, sodyum gibi mineraller ve faydalı elementleriçermektedir. Thalassoterapi vücudun bu mineral ve elementlerle beslenip,yenilenmesini ve bağışıklık sisteminin güçlenmesini desteklemektedir.Thalassoterapi ısıtılmış deniz suyu ile yapılan bir tedavi yöntemi olmaklabirlikte, terapide ısıtılmış yosun, ısıtılmış çamur, deniz tuzu gibi yardımcıunsurlar da kullanılmaktadır. Bunların yanında talassoterapide kum banyoları,kontrollü güneş ışığına maruz kalma, deniz aerosollerinin solunması ve kıyıçevresiyle diğer yapılandırılmış etkileşimler gibi bir dizi deniz bazlı tedaviyer almaktadır. Talassoterapi, çeşitli kronik rahatsızlıkların, özellikledermatolojik, romatizmal ve solunum yolu rahatsızlıklarının tedavisindekullanılan deneysel bir yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Hem zihin hem debeden üzerinde olumlu etkiye sahip olan talassoterapi, geleneksel medikaltedavileri tamamlayan ve uzun vadeli sağlık bakımını destekleyen bütüncül birtedavi olarak görülmektedir. Talassoterapi konusunda ulusal literatürde yeralan çalışmaların oldukça sınırlı sayıda olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanıntemel amacı, deniz açısından çok büyük imkânlara sahip olan Türkiye’detalassoterapi konusunda farkındalığı arttırmak, uluslararası literatürde yeralan ikincil verilere dayalı olarak konuyla ilgili ulusal literatüre katkısağlamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada öncelikle sağlık turizmi ilespa-wellness turizmi olguları açıklanmakta, ardından inovatif bir ürün olaraktalassoterapi kavramı, içeriği, tarihi ve gelişimi irdelenmektedir. Talassoterapinininsan sağlığı açısından faydaları bu konuda yapılmış deneysel araştırmalarınbulgularına dayalı olarak sunulmaktadır. Temel talassoterapi uygulamalarınınsunulmasından sonra sonuç bölümünde Türkiye özelinde konuyla ilgilideğerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır.The tourism sector is a dynamic sector and a pioneer in developinginnovative products. One of the alternative tourism types gaining significantimportance today is undoubtedly health tourism. As the most dynamic subsectorof the tourism sector, health tourism is not only growing in importance butalso its share of tourism revenue and economic value on a global scale. One ofthe main reasons for this is that tourists are seeking new forms of tourism toexperience distinctive products that differ from traditional holiday tourism.Thalassotherapy, a unique and innovative health tourism product with uniqueproperties, has become increasingly popular in recent years, and its demand hasincreased significantly. Seawater contains minerals and beneficial elementssuch as copper, magnesium, iodine, zinc, calcium, potassium, and sodium.Thalassotherapy helps the body nourish and regenerate with these minerals andelements, supporting the strengthening of the immune system. Whilethalassotherapy is a treatment method using heated seawater, it also utilizesauxiliary elements such as heated seaweed, heated mud, and sea salt. Inaddition, thalassotherapy incorporates a range of sea-based treatments such assand baths, controlled sun exposure, inhalation of marine aerosols, and otherstructured interactions with the coastal environment. Thalassotherapy isconsidered an experimental approach used in the treatment of various chronicconditions, particularly dermatological, rheumatic, and respiratory disorders.Having a positive effect on both mind and body, thalassotherapy is seen as aholistic treatment that complements traditional medical treatments and supportslong-term healthcare. Studies on thalassotherapy in the national literature isquite limited. The main aim of the study is to raise awareness ofthalassotherapy in Türkiye that a country endowed with significant maritimeresources, and to contribute to the national literature on thalassotherapybased on secondary data from international literature. The study first explainsthe phenomenon of health tourism and spa-wellness tourism, then examines the concept,content, history, and development of thalassotherapy as an innovative product.The benefits of thalassotherapy for human health are presented based on thefindings of previous experimental researches. After presenting basicthalassotherapy practices, the conclusion provides a general assessment of thetopic.</p
Performance prediction of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers using explainable machine learning: effects of varying anode and cathode catalyst loadings
No full textProton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are among the most promising technologies for sustainable hydrogen production. However, optimizing their operational performance remains a critical challenge. This study investigates the combined effects of anode and cathode electrocatalyst loadings on PEMWE performance using explainable machine learning (ML) approaches. A comprehensive experimental dataset of 1344 samples, incorporating parameters such as catalyst loadings (3-4 mgIrO2 cm−2 for anode and 0.4-0.7 mgPt/C cm−2 for cathode), membrane type (Nafion 115 and Aquivion E98-09S), temperature (50-80 °C), flow rate (50-100 mL min−1), torque (2-2.5 N·m), and current density were analyzed. Four ML models, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), were trained to predict current density under varying conditions. Bayesian hyperparameter optimization was applied to enhance predictive accuracy, with the DT model achieving the best performance (R2 = 0.9594), as validated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was used to interpret model outputs, identifying temperature and cathode catalyst loading as the most influential features. A nonlinear correlation was observed between catalyst loadings and current density. Best electrochemical performance was achieved with catalyst loadings of 0.6 mgPt/C cm−2 for platinum-carbon (Pt/C) composite at the cathode and optimized IrO2 loading at the anode. Furthermore, a cost-performance trade-off analysis revealed the most efficient configuration, offering a 14.8 % improvement in performance at reduced material cost. This study demonstrates the potential of explainable ML in guiding the design and optimization of PEMWEs, providing a data-driven framework for enhancing hydrogen production efficiency
The quantitative assessment of the mixing time on the effect of mixing homogeneity in different food powder mixers: Entropy-weighted grey relational analysis
No full textHelicobacter pylori in Turkish Children with Dyspepsia: Diagnosis, Prevalence, Genotyping and Antibiotic Resistance – Authors’ Reply
No full textThe interactome era: Integrating RNA-seq, proteomics, and network biology to decode cellular senescence
No full textCellular senescence is a dynamic state in which cells permanently withdraw from the cell cycle while continuing to reshape their internal and external environment. It is characterized by persistent DNA damage responses, chromatin reorganization, and the secretion of a complex mixture of cytokines and proteases collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Transcriptomic and proteomic studies have defined key markers, including CDKN2A, CDKN1A, TP53, and SASP factors, but these approaches provide only static inventories. They do not explain how regulatory programs are executed through protein interactions that assemble, dissolve, and reorganize over time. Interactomics now fills this gap. Advances such as affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS), proximity labeling (BioID/TurboID), and cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) reveal that senescence is driven not by single molecules but by the rewiring of protein–protein interactions (PPIs). These dynamic networks stabilize DNA damage response hubs, restructure chromatin and the nuclear lamina, regulate SASP secretion, and remodel metabolism. By integrating interactomic data with transcriptomic and proteomic profiles, it is now possible to uncover therapeutic vulnerabilities and guide the design of senolytics, senomorphics, and strategies that block senescence escape. Important challenges remain. Weak or transient interactions are often lost, background signals can obscure specificity, and membrane complexes are under-represented. Emerging single-cell and spatial technologies are beginning to overcome these limitations, revealing how senescence differs across tissues, contexts, and disease states. In essence, senescence is not just a change in gene expression but a reorganization of the cell’s communication networks. Interactomics offers the framework needed to decode this complexity and to design precision therapies for aging and age-related disease
Choline chloride–phenol deep eutectic solvent-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for separation–Preconcentration of copper from food and water samples
No full textReliable monitoring of trace copper in food and water requires efficient and sustainable pretreatment strategies. We designed a nanocomposite sorbent in which multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are conformally coated by a hydrogen-bonding deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and phenol (1:2). The H-bond-mediated DES layer enriches the MWCNT surface with polar/donor sites. It enhances hydrophilicity and dispersion, thereby facilitating rapid and selective Cu(II) uptake during micro-solid phase extraction before high–resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-FAAS) determination. Under optimized conditions, the method provided high enrichment, low detection limits, and precise recoveries across representative food and water matrices while using minimal solvent volumes and low sorbent mass. By explicitly linking structure (phenol-DES coating on carbon nanotubes) to function (enhanced Cu(II) adsorption and robust μ-SPE performance), this study establishes a simple, scalable, and environmentally conscious platform for the analysis of trace copper