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Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae)’nin Farklı Yerli Fasulye Çeşitlerinde Bazı Biyolojik Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi
No full textBorB: A Novel Image Segmentation Technique for Improving Plant Disease Classification with Deep Learning Models
No full textDisease detection from leaf images has been among the popular studies in recent years. Classifying leaf diseases using computational methods provides great convenience for farming. In the studies carried out in this field, systems that work with high accuracy and are least affected by environmental factors that can be used in agricultural lands come to the fore. This study investigates the application of deep learning architectures for accurate and efficient plant disease detection within the context of the ongoing digital transformation of the agricultural sector. Recognizing the critical role of AI in modernizing agriculture, this research focuses on enhancing the accuracy of the classification of plant diseases. To facilitate this research, a novel dataset, "EruCauliflowerDB", was meticulously curated, comprising high-resolution images of cauliflower plants infected with Alternaria Leaf Spot and Black Rot. The obtained EruCauliflower dataset contains 114 images from the Alternaria Leaf Spot disease class and 99 images from the Black Rot disease class. A novel integrated classification system was developed, encompassing three key stages. First, a novel segmentation method, "BorB," was introduced to effectively isolate diseased leaf regions. This segmentation method enables us to extract features of leaf images in Lab and RGB formats. Combining the features obtained from the two image formats with the OR logical operation separates the leaf region from the background. Second, data augmentation techniques, including geometric transformations, were applied to the segmented images to enhance data diversity and improve model robustness. Finally, four state-of-the-art deep learning models—VGG16, ResNet50, EfficientNetB3, and MobileNetV3 Large—were employed for disease classification. The proposed integrated system demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving 100% classification accuracy on the EruCauliflowerDB dataset across all four models. To assess the system’s robustness, further evaluations were conducted on the independent MangoLeafBD dataset, yielding consistent results with 100% classification accuracy. The proposed Integrated Classifier method was applied by selecting 15 classes from the PlantVillage, another multi-class dataset. As a result of the experiments, PlantVillage plant leaf images were classified with 99.78% accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed method can be effectively utilized in real-world agricultural settings to assist farmers in early disease detection, thereby reducing crop losses and improving yield quality
Hepatic miRNA Expression Pattern and Changes in Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet for 16 Weeks
No full textOsteosarcopenic Obesity's Role in Older Adults' Falls and Vertebral Fractures
No full textObjective: The co-occurrence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity is known as osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO). This study examined the frequency of OSO in older adult outpatients and its connection to falls and spinal fractures. Materials and Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were outpatients 60 years of age or above. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) determined that the patients had sarcopenia EWGSOP2, had bone densitometry, completed a comprehensive geriatric examination, and were categorized as obese based on their body fat percentage. The researchers diagnosed patients with OSO by selecting those who fulfilled the criteria for poor bone density, diminished muscle strength, decreased walking velocity, and increased body fat percentile. The patients were categorized into four groups: only obese, exclusively osteoporotic obese, purely sarcopenic obese, and OSO patients and thereafter assessed. Fractures detected with radiological assessment. Results: All 317 elderly people contributed to this research, with 12.2% (39 out of 317) identified as having OSO. The occurrence of falls was significantly elevated in OSO patients relative to those in the sarcopenic obese, the osteoporotic obese, and the obese cohorts (p<0.001). Moreover, OSO patients demonstrated a markedly higher incidence of vertebral fractures in comparison to the obese, osteoporotic obese, and sarcopenic obese cohorts (p=0.001). Conclusion: Older adults with OSO face a heightened risk of falls and vertebral fractures relative to those classified as sarcopenic obese, osteoporotic obese, or obese
Systemic secukinumab treatment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: the relationship between systemic and tear proinflammatory cytokines and ocular surface findings—a pilot study
No full textBackgrounds: Dry eye disease (DED) is a very common ocular surface disease that affects millions of people around the world. When we look at the pathogenesis of the disease, it is seen that inflammation plays a role. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the prototype of immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatoid diseases in the spectrum of axial spondyloarthropathies. In studies, many proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-23, IFN-γ), especially IL-17, have been shown in the etiopathogenesis of AS. Recently, anti IL-17 receptor inhibitors (secukinumab) have been using. It selectively binds to the IL-17 receptor, preventing its association with the target receptor. From this point of view, it was aimed to evaluate the blood and tear proinflammatory cytokine levels and ocular surface parameters of the patients treated with secukinumab, before and during the treatment. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 12 patients with AS and 12 healthy individuals. The ocular surface and tear film were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear film break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining, and Schirmer II test. The blood and tear samples were taken simultaneously. Signs and symptoms of DED were evaluated on the treatment day and 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after treatment. Tear and blood samples were taken once at the beginning of the study for the control group. Proinflammatory cytokine levels from collected tear and venous blood samples were examined in Pediatric Immunology laboratory. The tear levels of 30 cytokines were examined. Analyses were made with SPSS 25.0 package program. Results: Compared to controls, AS patients had higher OSDI (p = 0.01), similar corneal staining with fluorescein and lissamine green (p = 0.12), and lower TBUT (p = 0.04). OSDI were found to be significantly different in the AS group at the measurement times (p = 0.01). IL-1B, IL-10, IL-13, IL-6, IL-12/IL-23p40, Rantes, Eotaxin, IL-17A, MIP-1A, GM-CSF, MIP-1B, MCP-1, IL-15, IL-5, IFN-G, IFN-A, TNF-A, IL-2, IL-7, IP-10, IL-2R, MIG, IL-4, and IL-8 levels in the AS serum and tears group did not differ at the first and third months (p > 0.05). IL-1RA measurements showed a significant decrease in the first and third months compared to baseline in the AS serum and tears (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that there was decreased IL-1RA in patients with AS after secukinumab treatment in tears and serum. Interestingly, lachrymal IL-17 levels were similar but not statistical significant changes with two ocular parameters TBUT and Schirmer’s test, suggesting a pathological role of IL-17 in rheumatological diseases. The results suggest that the inhibition of IL-1RA obtained by systemic administration of secukinumab but does not influence the severity of DED. (Table presented.
Association Between Nutritional Status, Energy-Protein-Micronutrient Intake, and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition
No full textAim: Malnutrition is a common issue in the intensive care units (ICUs) and can lead to poor clinical outcomes if not managed with adequate nutritional support. This study aimed to examine the association between energy, protein, and micronutrient intake and mortality among malnourished and well-nourished critically ill patients. Study Design: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary medical ICU. Patients were enrolled within the first 48 hours of ICU admission and categorized as either well-nourished (modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill [mNUTRIC] score: 0-4) or malnourished (mNUTRIC score: 5-9). Daily energy, protein, and micronutrient intake of adult critically ill patients receiving enteral tube feeding was meticulously monitored during the first seven days in the ICU. Results: A total of 226 patients were included, with 137 classified as malnourished and 89 as well-nourished. The median age of the study population was 65.0 years (range: 47.8-74.0). Patients with malnutrition had lower energy adequacy (%) compared to well-nourished patients (median: 52.3 vs. 68.3, p=0.001). Malnourished patients also received significantly lower amounts of chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, biotin, vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin D compared to well-nourished patients (p<0.05 for all). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the mNUTRIC score was a significant predictor of ICU mortality (Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval): 1.235 (1.112-1.371), p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that malnourished patients had a significantly lower probability of survival compared to well-nourished patients (median (95% CI): 29.0 (16.2-41.8) vs. 17.0 (15.0-19.0) days, p=0.001). Conclusions: Critically ill adult patients with malnutrition had significantly lower energy and selected micronutrient intake via the enteral route, along with a reduced probability of survival
GENERALIZED ABSOLUTE MATRIX SUMMABILITY FACTORS
No full textWe generalize a theorem dealing with absolute summability factors of an infinite series to absolute matrix summability under weaker conditions by using an almost increasing sequence