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BAĞIRSAK MİKROBİYOTASI VE KARDİYOVASKÜLER HASTALIKLARLA İLİŞKİSİ
No full textKardiyovaskülerhastalık (KVH)’ların oluşumunda genetik ve çevresel faktörlerin yer aldığıbilinse de, yapılan son çalışmalar,bağırsak mikrobiyotasının da KVH'ların gelişiminde potansiyel olarak etkiliolabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bağırsak mikrobiyal topluluğu, çoğunluğuanaerobik organizmalar olan Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria ve Verrucomicrobia filumları olmak üzere altıaileden oluşur. Sağlıklı bakteri topluluğunda, Firmicutes ve Bacteroidetesfilumu baskın olan florayı oluşturur. Bu bakteriler, konakçı metabolizması,nörolojik gelişim, enerji homeostazı, bağışıklık düzenlemesi ve vitamin sentezive sindirimi dahil olmak üzere çeşitli fizyolojik aktivitelerden sorumludur.Aynı zamanda bağırsak epitelyal mukozal bariyerlerin normal işlevini düzenler. Bağırsakepitel bariyer fonksiyonunun bozulması durumu, bağırsak geçirgenliğininartmasına, bakteriyel translokasyonun artmasına ve dolaşımdaki endotoksinlerinartmasına yol açarak, kardiyovasküler hastalıkların gelişiminde rol oynayaninflamasyona katkıda bulunabilir. Biriken kanıtlar, bağırsak mikrobiyotasındakidisbiyozisin çeşitli kardiyovasküler hastalıkların patogenezinde önemli bir roloynayabileceğini göstermektedir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası; hem diyetteki bazımakromolekülleri indirgeme yoluyla, hem de ürettiği çeşitli metabolitler ilekardiyovasküler sağlığı etkilemektedir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, kardiyovaskülersağlığı iyileştirmek için diyetteki eskülin ve fitolignanlar gibi bazımakromolekülleri indirgeyebilir. Öte yandan Trimetilamin N Oksit (TMAO), üremiktoksinler, fenilasetil glutamin, kısa zincirli yağ asitleri ve safra asitlerigibi bazı bağırsak mikrobiyatası kaynaklı metabolitler ise KVH’ların gelişimiile bağlantılıdır. TMAO, üremik toksinler ve fenilasetil glutamin KVH’ların patogenizinderol alırken, kısa zincirli yağ asitlerinin KVH’lar üzerindeki rolüçelişkilidir. Safra asitlerinin ise KVH’lara karşı koruyucu rolü bulunmaktadır.Diğer bağırsak mikroflorası metabolitleriyle karşılaştırıldığında, daha fazlaçalışma, özellikle kısa zincirli yağ asitlerinin kan basıncı regülasyonundakifizyolojik işlevlerini göstermektedir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası ve metabolitleri,koroner arter hastalığı, ateroskleroz, hipertansiyon, kalp yetmezliği veatriyal fibrilasyon gibi çeşitli KVH’lar ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Çeşitlibakteri türlerinden DNA’nın aterosklerotik lezyonlarda ve aynı bireylerinbağırsaklarında bulunduğu gözlemi, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının potansiyel biraterosklerotik bakteri kaynağı olabileceğini ve bu nedenle KVH’ların patogenezinekatılma olasılığının yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. KVH’ların önlenmesineyönelik olarak, mikrobiyotayı hedef alan bazı terapötik yöntemlerkullanılmaktadır. Bunlar yüksek posa alımı ve Akdeniz diyeti gibi çeşitli diyetmüdahaleleri, bağırsak mikroflorasının işlevini ve bileşimini düzenleyen prebiyotikve probiyotikler, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının normal fonksiyonlarının yenidenoluşturulmasını hedefleyen fekal mikrobiyota transplantasyonu, bağırsakmetaboliti TMAO’nun oluşumunu azaltıcı yöntemler ve geniş spektrumlu bazıantibiyotiklerdir. Ancak bu yöntemlerin güvenilirliği ve kullanımı ile ilgilidaha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtarkelimeler: Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, bağırsakmikrobiyotası.Althoughit is known that genetic and environmental factors play a role in the formationof cardiovascular diseases (CVD), recent studies suggest that the gutmicrobiota may also potentially influence the development of CVD. Theintestinal microbial community consists of six families, primarily anaerobicorganisms, belonging to the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. In a healthy bacterialcommunity, the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla form the dominant flora.These bacteria are responsible for various physiological activities, includinghost metabolism, neurological development, energy homeostasis, immuneregulation, and vitamin synthesis and digestion. It also regulates the normalfunction of intestinal epithelial mucosal barriers. The impairment ofintestinal epithelial barrier function can lead to increased intestinalpermeability, increased bacterial translocation, and elevated circulatingendotoxins, contributing to inflammation that plays a role in the developmentof cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysbiosis inthe gut microbiota may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of variouscardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiota affects cardiovascular health bothby reducing certain macromolecules in the diet and by producing variousmetabolites. The gut microbiota can reduce certain macromolecules in the diet,such as esculetin and phytoalexins, to improve cardiovascular health. On theother hand, some metabolites derived from the gut microbiota, such asTrimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), uremic toxins, phenylacetyl glutamine,short-chain fatty acids, and bile acids, are associated with the development ofcardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While TMAO, uremic toxins, and phenylacetylglutamine play a role in the pathogenesis of CVDs, the role of short-chainfatty acids in CVDs is contradictory. Bileşenlerin ise KVH’lara karşı koruyucurolü bulunmaktadır. Compared to other gut microbiota metabolites, more studies,particularly on short-chain fatty acids, demonstrate their physiologicalfunctions in blood pressure regulation. The gut microbiota and its metabolitesare associated with various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as coronaryartery disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, and atrialfibrillation. The observation that DNA from various bacterial species is foundin atherosclerotic lesions and in the intestines of the same individualssuggests that the gut microbiota could be a potential source of atheroscleroticbacteria and therefore has a high likelihood of contributing to the pathogenesisof cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the prevention of CVDs, some therapeuticmethods targeting the microbiota are being used. These include various dietaryinterventions such as high fiber intake and the Mediterranean diet, prebioticsand probiotics that regulate the function and composition of the gutmicrobiota, fecal microbiota transplantation aimed at restoring the normalfunctions of the gut microbiota, methods to reduce the formation of the gutmetabolite TMAO, and some broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, more research isneeded regarding the reliability and use of these methods.Keywords:Cardiovasculardiseases, gut microbiota.</p
Patates Böceği, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Mücadelesinde Entomopatojen Nematod Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) ve Spinosad'ın Birlikte Kullanım Olanaklarının Araştırılması
No full textEvaluation of Maximum Torque per Ampere Control Method for Interior Permanent Magnet Machine Drives on dSpace with Emphasis on Potential Practical Issues for High Energy Efficiency
No full textInterior-mounted permanent magnet (IPM) machines have been widely used in recent years due to their high efficiency, high torque/power densities, and so on. These machines can produce reluctance torque whereas their surface-mounted (SPM) counterparts cannot. Hence, IPMs are attractive in industrial applications that require high torque density. (Formula presented.) control is commonly adopted to drive permanent magnet (PM) machines, and the strategy is attractive due to its simplicity. However, although it is suitable for SPMs, adopting it in IPMs sacrifices the reluctance torque that can be obtained from the machine. Hence, it is vital to control IPMs using the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) strategy. This paper adopts the MTPA strategy for a 4.1 kW prototype IPM machine. Test system configuration is discussed step by step by paying particular attention to potential practical issues and inspirational discussions on their solutions. The issues associated with misaligned rotor positions or whistling problems pertinent to inappropriate power conversion strategies are addressed to overcome such issues in practical IPM drives. Comprehensive discussions and extensive comparisons of well-matched simulation and experimental results of both (Formula presented.) - and MTPA-controlled drives at different evaluation metrics will be quite insightful to achieve efficiency-optimized IPM drives
Carbon footprint awareness scale (CFAS): validity and reliability study on university students
No full textNb₂O₅@PVP as an efficient adsorbent for the dispersive micro solid phase extraction of lead (II) ions in pet food and wastewater samples
No full textThis study introduces a new method for separating and enriching lead (II) from wastewater and pet food samples using Niobium Pentoxide-Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Nb₂O₅@PVP) as a sorbent. The synthesized composite was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, and FE-SEM-EDX techniques. To maximize the lead (II) recovery, the proposed technique was optimized by evaluating essential parameters and factors like pH, sample volume, adsorbent dosage, type of eluent, and concentration. The method showed significant effectiveness, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.94 µg L-1 and a preconcentration factor of 20. Real sample applications, including wastewater, pet food, and certified reference materials, confirmed the method's accuracy and reliability, with recovery rates ranging from 91 % to 103 %. Furthermore, environmental sustainability assessments using the AGREE and WAC frameworks validated the method's green and efficient attributes
5718 Sayılı MÖHUK Uyarınca Boşanma Statüsünün Tespiti ve Geçici Koruma Statüsündeki Suriyelilerin Taraf Olduğu Boşanma Davalarının İncelenmesi
No full textGelsolin as a predictor of arteriovenous fistula maturation
No full textBackground: Gelsolin is a key regulator of actin filament metabolism and plays a role in tissue remodeling. We evaluated plasma gelsolin (pGSN) in predicting arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation. Methods: Only patients with newly created radiocephalic AVF were included. pGSN and plasma F-actin levels were measured preoperatively. Maturation was defined as an access (cephalic) vein diameter > 5 mm and a fistula blood flow rate > 500 mL/min in ultrasound, 8 weeks after operation. Results: A total of 68 patients were analyzed with a mean age of 62.6 +/- 11.1 years. AVF maturation was identified in 39 patients (57.3%). Mean pGSN level was 4726 (3836-6483) ng/mL in patients with mature AVF and 3237 (2895-4382) ng/mL in patients with immature AVF. pGSN levels were significantly higher (p 3716 ng/mL and an area under the ROC curve of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.64-0.87, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Current results demonstrated that patients with mature AVFs had significantly higher preoperative pGSN levels compared to those with immature AVFs. Outcomes suggest that pGSN could serve as a predictive biomarker for AVF maturation
Impact of neoadjuvant therapy on cancer stem cell gene expression and miRNA profiles in breast cancer patients: Implications for therapy resistance and survival, a cross-sectional observational study
No full textBreast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. Several therapy modalities have been created recently; however, resistance to therapy is a major issue. Cancer stem cell functions and regulations are important in tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. The expression levels of cancer stem cell genes CD44, CD24, and related miRNAs miR590-3p, miR599, and miR399-3p were aimed to be investigated before and after neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients in this cross-sectional observational study. This study included 80 samples from 40 female patients. The expression of CD44 and CD24 genes and miR590-3p, miR599, and miR399-3p was analyzed by qPCR in pre- and posttreatment biopsies from breast carcinoma patients. Correlations between expression levels and other pathologic parameters, including molecular subtypes, grade, stage, metastasis, recurrence, pathologic response to therapy, and disease-free and overall survival, were investigated. CD44 and CD24 mRNA expression levels decreased significantly after treatment. However, miR590-3p expression increased after treatment. Patients with complete pathologic responses had upregulated CD24 and downregulated miR590-3p and miR399-3p levels in initial biopsies. Univariate analysis showed that increased expression levels of miR590-3p, miR599, and miR399-3p were significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival. A better understanding of the role of cancer stem cells in cancer can result in more promising results and patient-tailored therapy options. This study highlights the significant value of cancer stem cells and related miRNAs in response to therapy and recurrence
