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Therapeutic timing limitations of postnatal darbepoetin in a valproic acid rat model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) arises from complex genetic and environmental factors that disrupt neural development during early brain maturation. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been studied for its neuroprotective effects and more recently for its potential to influence neurodevelopment in early postnatal ASD models. However, ASD is not typically diagnosed in humans until 2–3 years of age, a stage well beyond early postnatal development. To address this timing gap, we administered darbepoetin alfa, a long-acting EPO analogue, to valproic acid-exposed rats beginning at postnatal day 21 for five consecutive days, and assessed ASD-relevant social and cognitive behaviors. Behavioral assessments using the three-chamber test and Morris Water Maze revealed no significant improvements in ASD-relevant behaviors despite clear systemic activity, as evidenced by substantial hematocrit elevation (~70%). Our findings suggest the therapeutic window for EPO analogues may close before the post-diagnostic period, highlighting a critical translational challenge: interventions effective in early neonatal windows may not retain efficacy at clinically accessible diagnostic stages. The pronounced hematological response further precludes testing whether higher doses could compensate for delayed timing, though non-erythropoietic derivatives may circumvent this limitation in future studies
Application of the Modified Extended Tanh Function Method to the (2+1)-Dimensional Chaffee-Infante Equation
No full textInvestigation of the efficiency and safety of half-dose and full-dose tissue plasminogen activator therapy in pulmonary embolism Pulmoner embolide yarı doz ve tam doz doku plazminojen aktivatör tedavisinin etkililiği ve güvenirliğinin araştırılması
No full textIntroduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of two different doses of alteplase, a thrombolytic therapy, specifically half-dose (50 mg) and full-dose (100 mg), on short-term (7 days) and long-term (1 year) mortality and morbidity in the treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Chest Diseases of Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine Hospital from January 1, 2010 to October 31, 2021. The study enrolled patients diagnosed with PE who underwent treatment with either 50 mg or 100 mg of alteplase. In total, 58 patients participated, with 41 receiving a 50 mg dose of alteplase and 17 receiving a 100 mg dose of alteplase treatment. Results: Of the patients, 62.1% (n= 36) were female, with a mean age of 63 ± 14.5 years. Mean length of hospital stay was 9.2 ± 7.4 days. Mortality rate of the patients who had PE and received half-dose treatment was 36.5%, and mortality rate of the patients who received full-dose treatment was 17.6%. Mean time to mortality for non-survivors was 126.1 ± 355.4 days. Of the 18 patients who did not survive, 44.4% (n= 8) died within the first seven days, 50% (n= 9) between days eight and 365, and 5.6% (n= 1) after 365 days. In-hospital mortality occurred in 25.9% of the patients (n= 15), with no statistically significant relationship found between mortality status, time to death, in-hospital mortality, vasopressor use, ventilation support requirement, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the dose of alteplase treatment (p> 0.05). The comparison of survival rates by the administered alteplase treatment dose revealed no significant relationship (p= 0.187). Notably, there was no in-hospital mortality among the patients under the age of 65 who received a full dose of alteplase treatment, and this result was statistically significant (p= 0.010). Conclusion: Upon comprehensive evaluation of the data gathered from our study, short-term mortality was significant in favor of the group receiving full dose in patients under 65 years of age. However, it is worth noting that longterm mortality and bleeding rates were comparable in both groups
Türkçenin İkinci Dil Olarak Öğretiminde Dengeli Okuma Yazma Yaklaşımı: Etkileşimli Öğretim Modelinin Uygulanması
No full textGalvaniz Kaplı Tellerin Çekme Prosesinde Ortaya Çıkan Atık Sabunların Geri Kazanım Potansiyelinin Fiziksel Yöntemlerle İncelenmesi
No full textEndüstriyel faaliyetlerde atık yönetimi ve bertarafı, gün geçtikçe daha büyük bir önem kazanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, atıkların geri kazanımına yönelik çalışmalar çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ve ekonomik faydalar açısından artış göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, galvanizli çelik tellerin redüksiyon sürecinde yağlayıcı olarak kullanılan toz sabunun, işlem sonrası atık hale gelmesi ve aynı proseste yeniden kullanılamaması sorunu ele alınmıştır. Oluşan atığın, çevresel etkilerini ve ekonomik kayıplarını önlemek amacıyla, atık hale gelen sabunun yeniden aynı proses içinde kullanılmasını sağlayacak bir geri kazanım yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen yöntemin uygulanabilirliği kolay ve erişilebilir olması, önemli bir avantaj sunmaktadır. Atık sabunun geri kazanımı için manyetizma ve çözünürlük farklarına dayalı çeşitli fiziksel yöntemler uygulanmıştır. Bu yöntemlerden manyetizma, basit olup proses içerisinde açığa çıkan Demir (Fe), Nikel (Ni) ve Kobalt (Co) içeriğini uzaklaştırmak amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Çözünürlük farkı ile sabunun su içinde kolay çözünmesi prensibinden yararlanılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda, atık sabundan %78 oranında geri kazanım sağlanmıştır. Geri kazanılmış sabunun özelliklerini değerlendirmek ve orijinal, hiç kullanılmamış sabun ile karşılaştırmak amacıyla kapsamlı analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. XRF (X-ışını floresans spektrometresi)elementel analizi sonucunda orijinal sabunda %9,3 oranında bulunan sodyum içeriğini geri kazanılan sabun %8,05 ile sağlamıştır. FT-IR (Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi) fonksiyonel grup tayinini, TG/DTA (termogravimetrik ve diferansiyel termal analiz) ile termal davranış incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, geri kazanılmış sabunun kimyasal ve fiziksel özelliklerinin orijinal sabuna benzediğini ve yeniden kullanılabilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Geliştirilen yöntem, endüstriyel ölçekte uygulanabilir olup maliyetleri düşürme ve çevresel sorunu azaltma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu çalışma, gelecekte benzer yöntemlerle endüstriyel atıkların geri dönüşümüne yönelik yenilikçi bir yaklaşım sunarak, kaynakların etkin kullanımına ve çevresel etkilerin azaltılmasına katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.Waste management and disposal in industrial activities are becoming increasingly important. In this context, studies on waste recycling are growing due to environmental and economic benefits. This study addresses the issue of powder soap, used as a lubricant in the reduction process of galvanized steel wires, which becomes waste after the process and cannot be reused. To prevent environmental impacts and economic losses, a recovery method was developed to reuse the waste soap in the same process. The method’s ease of applicability and accessibility offer significant advantages. Various physical methods based on magnetism and solubility differences were applied for the recovery of the waste soap. Magnetism was used to remove Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), and Cobalt (Co) content, while solubility differences were utilized, taking advantage of the soap’s easy dissolution in water. Experimental studies achieved a 78% recovery rate from the waste soap. Extensive analyses, including XRF (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry), showed that the sodium content in the original soap was 9.3%, while the recovered soap contained 8.05%. Functional group analysis was done with FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and thermal behavior was investigated using TG/DTA (Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis). The results indicated that the chemical and physical properties of the recovered soap were similar to the original, confirming its reusability. The method can be applied on an industrial scale, reducing costs and environmental issues. This study aims to contribute to resource efficiency and environmental impact reduction through innovative waste recycling approaches
