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Chitosan based smart injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications: A comprehensive review
No full textChitosan-based smart injectable hydrogels (CS-SIHs) have emerged as multifunctional platforms for drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering (TE), owing to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and responsiveness to external stimuli such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength. These smart hydrogels offer controlled, localized therapeutic release and mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby fostering cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In clinical applications such as bone regeneration, cartilage repair, and chronic wound healing, CS-SIHs can be encapsulated with various therapeutic agents, including proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, facilitating minimally invasive delivery. Recent studies have been more focused on developing CS-SIHs with enhanced bioactivity, mechanical integrity, and adaptability to dynamic microenvironments. This review provides an in-depth analysis of novel CS-SIH formulations and their potential therapeutic applications, as well as a comprehensive overview of recent preclinical and translational studies. Additionally, this investigation explores the challenges of clinical translation, including regulatory hurdles and scalability concerns. This work distinguishes itself by systematically integrating the physicochemical properties, intelligent response mechanisms, crosslinking strategies, and biomedical applications of CS-SIHs, offering a coherent framework for future research and development in the field of biomedical engineering
Plant-based hydrogel beads for vitamin D bioaccessibility: The role of protein denaturation and dimension
No full textEncapsulating bioactive components within hydrogel beads provides an effective method of improving their stability and efficacy, thereby enhancing their potential health benefits. In this study, vitamin D3-loaded nanoemulsions were encapsulated within plant-based hydrogel beads comprised of pea protein (heated or unheated) and calcium alginate. The impact of bead composition and dimensions on lipid digestibility and vitamin D bioaccessibility was then investigated. The hydrogel beads containing heated pea protein were more stable to simulated oral and stomach phases than those containing unheated pea protein. This effect was attributed to the formation of heat-induced pea protein aggregates that were better retained within the calcium alginate network inside the beads. The bioaccessibility of vitamin D3 was improved when it was encapsulated within the beads, which may have been due to their ability to protect the vitamin from chemical degradation, especially under acidic gastric conditions. The beads containing the heated protein provided the best protection during stomach digestion, leading to around 86 % of the original vitamin D3 still being bioaccessible after the small intestine phase. The results of this study may lead to the development of novel hydrogel delivery systems that can improve the efficacy of oil-soluble vitamins in plant-based foods
Depressive symptoms, balance, and gait in older adults: Mediation and moderation analysis
No full textObjective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and balance/gait in older adults while accounting for potential mediators and moderators, including cognitive function, nutritional status, and fear of falling. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 566 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and above who underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment at a geriatric outpatient clinic. Balance and gait were assessed using the Tinetti Assessment Battery (TAB), depressive symptoms were measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted to assess the direct and indirect effects of depression on balance and gait. Results: Advanced age, female sex, fear of falling, lower MMSE and Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scores, and higher GDS scores were independent risk factors for impaired balance and gait. Mediation analysis revealed that MNA (36.8 %), fear of falling (17 %), and MMSE (15.5 %) partially mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and balance/gait impairment. However, moderation analysis indicated that none of the examined factors significantly altered the strength of this relationship. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were independently associated with impaired balance and gait in older adults, with nutritional status, cognitive function, and fear of falling acting as partial mediators. These findings highlight the need for a multidimensional approach in assessing and managing mobility impairments in depressed older adults. Addressing nutritional deficiencies, cognitive decline, and fear of falling may serve as potential intervention targets to mitigate the negative impact of depression on balance and gait
Investigation of Nutrient Content and Digestibility Levels of Mulberry Leaves (Morus Alba) Grown in Different Provinces
No full textThe Effect Acceptance of Illness on Self-Management in Chronic Diseases: The Mediating Role of Health Motivation and Attitudes
No full textMilk-Derived Carbon Nanodots for Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction of Copper at Trace Levels from Vegetable Samples
No full textCarbon nanodots were synthesized from bovine milk using a hydrothermal method. In order to investigate the structure of the synthesized material, characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The material was used as a nanosorbent for the dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction of copper at trace levels. The quantification of copper was conducted using a high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometer (HR-CS FAAS). The optimal working conditions were a pH of 6.0, a nanosorbent mass of 5 mg, a desorption time of 3.5 min. and a desorption agent of 2 mol L−1 HNO3. The detection limit and limit of quantification were determined to be 0.4 ng mL−1 and 1.2 ng mL−1 respectively, with relative recoveries ranging from 92% to 102%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.4% and the linear range was from 1.8 to 100 ng mL−1. This method is highlighted for its speed, high sensitivity, and environmentally friendly approach, making it a practical option for detecting copper levels in vegetables
Development of elastic vesicle systems containing diclofenac sodium - in vitro and in vivo evaluation for the treatment of actinic keratosis
No full textDermal drug delivery has recently become a prominent topic for the topical treatment of skin-specific diseases such as actinic keratosis. In skin-related diseases, increased efficacy and reduced side effects can be achieved by increasing the amount of drug accumulated in the target tissue and reducing systemic exposure. In this study, elastic vesicular system formulations were developed to increase the penetration and accumulation of diclofenac sodium in the skin for the treatment of actinic keratosis. The vesicle systems containing diclofenac sodium, Lipoid S100, cholesterol, Transcutol CG, oleic acid, and hyaluronic acid were produced by the film hydration method and characterized in terms of vesicle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, viscosity, morphology, and elasticity. Cytotoxicity and ex vivo skin permeation/skin accumulation studies were also performed on the optimum formulations. In ex vivo studies, the selected optimum vesicle system formulation (V4, which contained 20 mg of diclofenac sodium, 125 mg of Lipoid S100, 62.5 mg of cholesterol, and 30 mg of Transcutol CG), which provided the highest drug accumulation in the rat skin, was used in stability and in vivo studies. It was found that V4 was stable for 3 months at 5 °C. In the in vivo studies, a xylene-induced ear edema model was utilized. The efficacy of V4 was evaluated, and it was found to be superior to the commercial product. It was concluded that vesicle systems developed can be used in the effective treatment of actinic keratosis
Multivariate analysis of the effect of foliar fertilizers on phytochemical and fruit traits of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
No full textExamining the Construction of Sensory Balance and Well-Being in Psychiatric Nurses Caring for Trauma Victims: A Qualitative Study
No full textBackground Sensory balance is the individual's ability to regulate internal and external sensory stimuli to remain in a functional and balanced state.Objective This study aims to explore in depth the experiences of psychiatric nurses caring for trauma victims in building sensory balance and well-being.Introduction Psychiatric nurses caring for trauma victims may be constantly exposed to intense sensory stimuli such as yelling and agitation. It is known that post-traumatic stress disorder and burnout are seen in nurses caring for these individuals; however, it is noteworthy that studies on how this process is reflected sensoryly in individuals are limited.Method Snowball sampling method was used in this qualitative phenomenological study. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 volunteer psychiatric nurses caring for trauma victims. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview form and analyzed using Colaizzi's method. COREQ guidelines were adhered to throughout the research process.Findings Four categories and a total of eight themes were obtained from the in-depth interviews. "Traces of Traumatic Contact, Emotional Armor and Inner Distance, Transformation through Exhaustion, Institutional Silence and Seeking Solidarity".Conclusion This study shows that psychiatric nurses caring for trauma victims are both professionally and individually traumatized and face the risk of losing their identity. It has also been found that nurses withdraw both sensorially and emotionally and experience burnout. But in some cases this process transforms into the development of awareness and maturity. It was also found that despite adverse working conditions, contact with nature, silence and collegial solidarity played a protective role in rebuilding well-being.Clinical Relevance This study addresses in depth the sensory, emotional and identity impacts experienced by psychiatric nurses caring for trauma victims and draws attention to the effects of these conditions on the process of well-being construction. The results of the study provide important points for the development of education, self-care and institutional support mechanisms to support nurses' well-being
