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Molecular and physiological study in patients with corona virus in Thi-Qar province Iraq
No full textMevcut çalışma, Thi-Qar Eyaletindeki AL-Imam Hüseyin Eğitim Hastanesinde 10 – 73 yaşları arasında moleküler olarak enfekte olmuş 50 erkek ve 50 kadın 100 hastayı içeriyordu. (Nisan'dan Ağustos 2021'in sonuna kadar) ve kontrol grubu olarak 100 kişi Mevcut çalışma, kontrol grupları ile Covid-19 kompartımanının fizyolojik etkisini değerlendirmek için bazı fizyolojik parametreleri içeriyordu. Sonuçlar, kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında, hasta grubunda hemoglobin düzeyinde, lenfosit ve trombosit yüzdesinde önemli bir düşüş, hasta grubunda ise toplam beyaz kan hücresi sayısında önemli bir artış olduğunu gösterdi. Hastaların cinsiyetine göre erkek grupta hemoglobin düzeyi, beyaz küre ve trombosit sayısı anlamlı olarak artarken, kadın hasta grubunda lenfosit yüzdesi anlamlı olarak arttı. Yaş gruplarına göre sonuçlar hematolojik parametrelerde önemli olmayan farklılıklar gösterdi. Mevcut sonuçlar, hasta grubunda kan üresi, serum kreatinin ve rastgele kan şekerinde önemli bir artışı gösterdi. Hastaların cinsiyetine göre kadın grupta kan üresi anlamlı olarak artarken, erkek grupta rastgele kan şekeri anlamlı olarak yükselirken, serum kreatinininde anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu. Yaş gruplarına göre 70 yaşından büyük hastalarda üre düzeyinde önemli bir artış, ancak hem kreatinin hem de rastgele kan şekeri düzeylerinde fark görülmedi. Mevcut çalışmada CRP, ferritin ve D konsantrasyonu kaydedildi. Dimer hasta gruplarında cinsiyete göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti, CRP ve ferritin düzeyi erkek hasta grubuna göre anlamlı olmayan bir şekilde artarken, D. Dimer kadın grubunda anlamlı olarak arttı .yaş grubuna göre sadece CRP birinci yaş grubunda diğer yaş gruplarıyla karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak artmaktadır. Mevcut çalışma aynı zamanda Covid-19'un moleküler tespitini de içeriyordu, çünkü çalışma gen bankasındaki 10 viral izolat ve erişim numarasına göre bilgi (OL372605.1 - OL372614.1) olduğundan, genetik dizi analizi sadece bir izolatın bir virüs içerdiğini gösterdi. genetik mutasyon SNP'ler ve %99.95 benzerliğe sahiptir.The current study included 100 patients 50 males and 50 female their age ranged from 10 – 73 years infected with Covid-19 molecularly diagnosed at AL-Imam Hussein Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar Province for the period from (April to the end of August 2021) and 100 people as a control group . The current study involved some physiological parameters for assessment the physiological effect of Covid-19 compartment with control groups. The results illustrated a significant decrease in the level of hemoglobin, percent of lymphocyte and platelet in patients group, whereas a significant increase in count of total white blood cell in patients group when compare with control group. According to gender of patients the hemoglobin level, count of white blood cell and platelet increased significantly in male group, while percent of lymphocyte increase significantly in female group of patients. According to age groups the results showed a non-significant differences in the hematological parameters. The current results illustrated a significant increase in the level of blood urea, serum creatinine and random blood sugar in patients group. According to gender of patients the blood urea increase significantly in female group, random blood sugar increased significantly in male group, while serum creatinine had not significant difference. According to age groups a significant increase in urea level in patients more than 70 years, but not noted differences in both creatinine and random blood sugar level. The current study recorded the concentration of CRP, ferritin and D. Dimer were significantly higher in patients groups, according to gender the level of CRP and ferritin increased non-significantly compared with male group of patients, while D. Dimer increase significantly in female group. according to age group only CRP increase significantly in first age group compare with other age groups. The current study also included the molecular detection of Covid-19, as the study score 10 viral isolates in the gene bank and knowledge by accession number ( OL372605.1 to OL372614.1), the genetic sequence analysis showed that only one isolate contained a genetic mutation SNPs and has similarity 99.95%
Investigation of the effect of boron waste on engineering properties of fly ash based geopolymer bricks
No full textSon zamanlarda yapı malzemesi alanında, sürdürülebilir ve enerji tasarrufu sağlayan malzemeler üzerinde çalışmalar artmaya başlamıştır. İnşaat alanında en yaygın kullanılan yapı malzemelerinden biri olan tuğla, üzerinde çalışılması gereken malzemelerden biridir. Tuğlanın atık malzemeler kullanılarak özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi atıkların bertaraf edilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında, Eskişehir Kırka bölgesi bor atığı ve Seyitömer termik santrali atığı uçucu kül kullanılarak geopolimer tuğla üretimi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada fiziksel ve mekanik açıdan normal tuğlaya göre daha dayanımlı ve ısı yalıtım özelliğine sahip geopolimer tuğla üretimi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında uçucu kül oranı %10 olarak sabit tutulmuş, farklı oranlarda (%10, %20, %30, %40, %50 ve %60) bor atığı kullanılarak geopolimer tuğla üretimi yapılmıştır. Üretilen tuğla numunelerinin fiziksel özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla, suya doygun birim hacim ağırlık (SDBHA), su emme (ağırlıkça), porozite, katı cisimlerin ısı ilettim katsayısı tayini deneyleri yapılmıştır. Mekanik özelliklerinin tespiti için ise basınç dayanımı ve eğilmede çekme dayanımı deneyleri uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada sonuç olarak, bor atığı miktarının artmasıyla SDBHA, su emme (ağırlıkça), porozite ve katı cisimlerin ısı iletim katsayısı değerlerinde azalma meydana geldiği görülmüştür. Numunelerin basınç dayanım değerlerinde %50 oranına kadar artma, %60 oranında bor atığı ikamesinde azalma meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Eğilmede çekme dayanımı değerlerinde ise %50 oranına kadar azalma, %60 oranında bor atığı ikamesinde ise artma meydana geldiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca bor atığı ve uçucu kül ikamesinin belirli oranlarda geopolimer tuğla üretiminde kullanılmasında herhangi bir sakınca olmadığı, bu durumun çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerinde olumlu etkileri olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.Recently, studies on sustainable and energy-saving materials have started to increase in the field of building materials. Brick, which is one of the most widely used building materials in the field of construction, is one of the materials to be worked on. Improving the properties of the brick by using waste materials is important in terms of waste disposal. In this thesis, it is targeted to produce geopolymer bricks by using Eskişehir Kırka region boron waste and Seyitömer thermal power plant waste fly ash. In this study, it was aimed to produce geopolymer brick, which is more durable than normal brick physically and mechanically and has thermal insulation properties. Within the scope of the study, the rate of fly ash was kept constant as 10%, and geopolymer bricks were produced by using different ratios (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%) of boron waste. In order to determine the physical properties of the produced brick samples, waterloged weight per unit of volume, water absorption (by weight), porosity, heat transmission coefficient of solid objects tests were done. For the determination of its mechanical properties, compressive strength and bending tensile strength tests were applied. As a result of the study, it was observed that with the increase in the amount of boron waste, waterloged weight per unit of volume, water absorption (by weight), porosity and heat transmission coefficient values of solid objects decreased. It was determined that the compressive strength values of the samples increased up to 50% and the boron waste substitution decreased by 60%. It was observed that the flexural strength values were decreased up to 50%, and the boron waste substitution of 60% increased. In addition, it was concluded that there is no harm in using boron waste and fly ash substitution at certain rates in the production of geopolymer bricks, and this situation will have positive effects on the environment and human health
Considerations and evaluations attached to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on the basis of legitimacy and legitimacy (1920-1923)
No full textMeşruiyet; meşru olma, kanuna uygun bulunma demek olup, iktidar sahibinin veya prensipler sisteminin haklılığı, siyasî iktidarın halkın rızasına ve tasvibine dayandırılması durumudur. Bu temelde vatan ve namusun muhafaza edilmesi amacıyla ülkenin muhtelif yerlerinde askerî ve silahlı direniş teşkilâtları oluşturulmuş, kongreler toplanmıştır. Millet ve milliyet kavramları Türk tarihinin ve kültürünün kaçınılmaz bir gelişmesi neticesinde yavaş yavaş siyasî bir kavram şekline bürünmüştü. Bu durum, ülke sınırları dâhilinde bulunan insanları hürriyet ve istiklâl fikri etrafında birleştirmiştir. Son Osmanlı Mebuslar Meclisi'nin 16 Mart 1920 tarihindeki İstanbul'un fiilen işgali üzerine çalışamaz hâle düşmüş, Mebuslar Meclisi'nin 11 Nisan 1920 tarihinde resmen feshedilmesi ülkede meşrutiyet idaresinin kaldırılarak millet temsilcilerine dayanmayan bir keyfî idare hükûmetinin çalışmasına imkân vermiştir. Türkleri millî iradesini dile getirecek bir resmî müesseseden mahrum bırakmıştır. Bu çalışma ile meşruiyet temelinde Türk İstiklâl Savaşı'nı sevk ve idare eden TBMM'ne yöneltilen mütalâa ve değerlendirmeler incelenmiştir. TBMM, siyasî iktidarın varlık sebebinin halk için akıllıca iş gören bir anlama kavuşturulduğu, halkın rızası ve onayına dayanan, toplumsal mutabakatı yansıtan bir organ olmuş, milletin tek temsilcisi sıfatıyla kuvvetler birliği sistemini benimsemiş, yeni bir Türk Devleti'nin esaslarını belirlemiş ve İstiklâl Mücadelesi'nin sevk ve idare edeni olmuştur. Meclisin kendi üyeleri tarafından meşru hakkın elde edilmesi ve Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisinde toplanılması; "…Dört tarafta memleketimizi, vatanımızı muhat olan tehlikenin önünde aslanlar gibi dikilmek ve hain din düşmanlarımızın karşısında tarihimize, ecdadımıza lâyık bir evlât olduğumuzu ispat etmek… …Bizi buraya sevke saik olan sebebi yegâne istihlası vatan endişesidir…" şeklinde ifade edilmiştir.Legitimacy; Being legitimate means being in compliance with the law, and the justification of the owner of power or the system of principles is the state of basing the political power on the consent and approval of the people. On this basis, in order to preserve the homeland and honor, military and armed resistance organizations were formed in various parts of the country and congresses were convened. The concepts of nation and nationality gradually took the form of a political concept as a result of the inevitable development of Turkish history and culture. This situation united the people within the borders of the country around the idea of freedom and independence. The fact that the last Ottoman Chamber of Deputies was incapable of working after the actual occupation of Istanbul on March 16, 1920, and the official dissolution of the Assembly of Deputies on April 11, 1920, abolished the constitutional administration in the country and allowed the operation of an arbitrary government that was not based on national representatives. This situation deprived the Turks of an official institution to express their national will. In this study, the opinions and evaluations directed to the Turkish Grand National Assembly, which directed and administered the Turkish War of Independence on the basis of legitimacy, were examined. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey has been an organ that reflects the social consensus, based on the consent and approval of the people, in which the reason for the existence of political power has been given a meaning that works wisely for the people; at the same time, as the sole representative of the nation, the Assembly adopted the unity of forces system, determined the principles of a new Turkish State, and became the leader and administrator of the Struggle for Independence. Obtaining the legitimate right by the members of the Assembly and convening in the Turkish Grand National Assembly; It has been stated as follows: "…to stand like lions in front of the danger plaguing our country and homeland on all four sides, and to prove that we are a worthy son to our history and our ancestors in the face of our treacherous religious enemies… …The only reason that drove us here is the concern for the homeland…
Sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone treatment is not affected by OPRM1 A118G and BDNF Va66Met polymorphisms, but alters the plasma beta-endorphin and BDNF levels in individuals with opioid use disorder
Get PDFThe study aimed to examine the genetic contribution to buprenorphine (BUP) treatment in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD), with a specific focus on BDNF and OPRM1 genes. A total of 113 controls and 111 OUD patients receiving sublingual BUP/naloxone were enrolled. OPRM1 A118G and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms were investigated by PCR-FRLP. Plasma BDNF and beta-endorphin levels were assessed by ELISA kits in both groups. Blood BUP levels were measured by LC-MS/MS and normalized with daily BUP dose (BUP/D). OPRM1 A118G and BDNF Val66Met polymorphisms didn't have an effect on plasma beta-endorphin and BDNF levels in OUD patients, respectively. Interestingly, OUD patients had significantly higher plasma BDNF and lower beta-endorphin levels compared to the controls (p < 0.001). A negative and significant correlation between plasma BUP/D and BDNF levels was found. Age onset of first use was associated with OPRM1 A118G polymorphism. The findings indicated that sublingual BUP/naloxone may increase plasma BDNF levels, but may decrease beta-endorphin levels in individuals with OUD. Plasma BDNF level seemed to be decreased in a BUP/D concentration-dependent manner. © 2022 Elsevier B.V
Comparison of Some Behavioural Responses in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) Raised in Cages Enriched with Coloured LED Lights
Get PDFSimple Summary In this study, the environment of hand-raised budgerigars in captivity (people's homes) was simulated. We investigated the effect of coloured LED lights in addition to natural light on the behaviour of the birds. For birds raised by humans, the light in houses is significantly different from the lighting conditions in a bird's natural habitat. This may lead to behavioural and health problems in birds, adversely affecting their wellbeing. This study investigated how white, blue, yellow, and red LED lights applied at the beginning of the dark cycle of the photoperiod affected the behaviours of budgerigars. The results indicated that when offered the opportunity, the birds chose yellow light. The open field tests (OFT I and II) were used to assess the locomotion and exploratory behaviour of birds. The results of the OFT I test, which was performed with an unfamiliar object, indicated that the group experiencing yellow light was more self-confident. The birds in cages with blue light felt more comfortable and displayed more social behaviour. People will be able to use this new information to improve the living conditions of their pet budgerigars. This study examined the effects of exposure to coloured LED lights on some behavioural responses, food and water consumption, and live weight in budgerigars kept in captivity using behavioural tests to compare different lighting conditions. Budgerigars' feeding, comfort, social, fear, and resting behaviours and behavioural reactions to a new environment were studied. Twelve male birds were assigned to four groups, with three birds in each group. They were provided with food and water ad libitum in wire cages at 25 +/- 2 degrees C in a room. The study was conducted with 10 h of natural light, 6 h of LED light (white, blue, yellow, and red LED lights), and 8 h of darkness. Their behaviours in the cages were observed. Home cage avoidance (HCA) and two open field tests (OFT) were performed. No difference was observed in the LW and food consumption, but the blue and yellow groups consumed less water. The blue group displayed more comfort and social behaviours. In the HCA test, the red group demonstrated higher reactions. Furthermore, the birds in the yellow group stayed closer to the centre of the platform in the OFT I test, and they chose the compartment simulating their familiar environment in the OFT II test. Consequently, it was concluded that first yellow and then blue lights may be used to prevent stress-related problems for these birds. Our findings could be used to improve the hand-rearing conditions of captive budgerigars
Computed tomography findings of COVID-19 in pediatric patients
Get PDFBackground. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the thorax Computed Tomography (CT) findings of pediatric patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and to discuss these findings in light of the results of adult patients from the literature.Methods. The CT scans of pediatric patients (1-18 years old) with a diagnosis of COVID-19 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in our hospital between March 2020 and January 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The scans were interpreted regarding the distribution and localization features, and involvement patterns including ground-glass opacity, consolidation, halo/reversed halo sign, interlobular septal thickening, air bronchograms and bronchiectasis. The frequencies of these findings in pediatric cases in our study were recorded.Results. A total of 95 patients with a mean age of 13 +/- 4.6 years were included in this study. Among them, 34 (36%) had lesions associated with COVID-19 on CT scans. Bilateral involvement was detected in 15 (44%) while unilateral in 19 (56%) patients. Eighteen (53%) patients had single lobe involvement. In 16 (47%) patients a solitary lesion was detected and in 18 (53%) multiple lesions were present. Ground-glass opacity appearance was observed in 28 (82%), consolidation in 9 (26%), and ground-glass opacity with consolidation in 8 (24%), halo sign in 9 (26%), reversed halo sign in 2 (6%), interlobular septal thickening (interstitial thickening) in 1 (3%) patients.Conclusions. As symptoms are relatively milder in children with COVID-19, CT findings are less extensive than in adults. It is essential to know the thorax CT findings that aid in the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease
Macromolecules Influence Cellular Competence and Expression Level of IGFs Genes in Bovine Oocytes In Vitro
Get PDFSimple Summary The macromolecule content of culture media can affect the maturation competence of oocytes, which influences the subsequent in vitro development of embryos. This study was designed to determine the effects of macromolecules on cellular competence and the transcript level of insulin-like growth factors (IGF1, IGF2) and their receptors in bovine oocytes. The current study showed that bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fetal calf serum (FCS) improved nuclear maturation and protein biosynthesis (especially FCS). Polyvinyl alcohol did not support the antioxidant defense mechanism due to decreased glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity. The expression of the IGF1 gene could not be detected in all experimental groups, but BSA and FCS increased the transcript level of the IGF2 gene. Moreover, oocyte maturation with BSA increased the transcript level of the IGF1R gene, whereas the transcript level of the IGF2R gene was similar among macromolecule supplementation groups. The BSA and FCS could improve in vitro bovine oocyte development due to supporting cellular characteristics. In vitro maturation (IVM) of mammalian oocytes, which influences subsequent in vitro development of embryos, is affected by the macromolecule content in culture media for the success of oocyte maturation competence, in which the cytoplasmic and nuclear reprogramming events occur. The insulin-like growth factor family (IGFs) promotes the maturation of bovine oocytes and the expansion of cumulus cells and also inhibits apoptosis. This study was, therefore, designed to examine the effects of macromolecules (bovine serum albumin, BSA; fetal calf serum, FCS; and polyvinyl alcohol, PVA) on in vitro nuclear maturation, total cellular protein, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activity, and the gene expression level of IGF1, IGF2, and their receptor in bovine oocytes. Oocytes obtained from bovine ovaries were cultured in bicarbonate-buffered medium 199 supplemented with 4 mg/mL BSA, 10% FCS, 1 mg/mL PVA, and without macromolecule supplement (control) during 22 h in the air with a humidified atmosphere and 5% CO2 at 38.5 degrees C temperature. Supplementation of BSA and FCS increased (chi(2) = 9.84; p < 0.05) the percentages of oocytes that reached metaphase II compared to the control and PVA. The amount of protein per ml of cell extracts of oocytes matured in FCS supplemented culture media was higher (p < 0.05) than the oocytes in the PVA and control. The levels of GPx enzyme activity in cell extracts isolated from oocytes in each experimental group did not change over time, but the GPx enzyme activity in oocytes matured in PVA-supplemented culture media was lower (p < 0.05) than in oocytes in the other experimental groups. Transcript for the IGF1 gene was not detected in all experimental groups, but the supplementation of BSA and FCS significantly elevated the transcript level of the IGF2 gene. In addition, the maturation of oocytes with BSA-supplemented media increased the transcript level of the IGF1R gene, whereas the transcript level of the IGF2R gene was similar among macromolecule supplementation groups. The current study concluded that BSA and FCS could improve in vitro bovine oocyte development due to supporting nuclear maturation and increasing the total cellular protein content, GPx enzyme, and transcript activity
Methodological considerations in injury burden of disease studies across Europe: a systematic literature review
Get PDFBackground: Calculating the disease burden due to injury is complex, as it requires many methodological choices. Until now, an overview of the methodological design choices that have been made in burden of disease (BoD) studies in injury populations is not available. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify existing injury BoD studies undertaken across Europe and to comprehensively review the methodological design choices and assumption parameters that have been made to calculate years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD) in these studies. Methods: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, and the grey literature supplemented by handsearching, for BoD studies. We included injury BoD studies that quantified the BoD expressed in YLL, YLD, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in countries within the European Region between early-1990 and mid-2021. Results: We retrieved 2,914 results of which 48 performed an injury-specific BoD assessment. Single-country independent and Global Burden of Disease (GBD)-linked injury BoD studies were performed in 11 European countries. Approximately 79% of injury BoD studies reported the BoD by external cause-of-injury. Most independent studies used the incidence-based approach to calculate YLDs. About half of the injury disease burden studies applied disability weights (DWs) developed by the GBD study. Almost all independent injury studies have determined YLL using national life tables. Conclusions: Considerable methodological variation across independent injury BoD assessments was observed; differences were mainly apparent in the design choices and assumption parameters towards injury YLD calculations, implementation of DWs, and the choice of life table for YLL calculations. Development and use of guidelines for performing and reporting of injury BoD studies is crucial to enhance transparency and comparability of injury BoD estimates across Europe and beyond. © 2022, The Author(s)
Factors involved in football success: an educational experience
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether there were any differences between a professional football team's wins (9 matches) and loses (9 matches) in a season in terms of some parameters in Turkish Spor Toto First League. During the total of 18 matches in the competitions, 7 parameters were analysed. The data were analysed in terms of total accelerations (in number), total decelerations (in number), distance (m), impact (in number), sprint distance (m) and average of top speed (km/h). The data were gathered using Playertek GPS tracking device during the matches by the same researcher. As the data showed normal distribution in the statistical analysis, Paired Sample T-Test was applied. The results showed that while there was not a significant difference (p>0.05) in terms of total accelerations (in number), total decelerations (in number), impact (in number), sprint distance (m) and average of top speed (km/h) between the defeats and wins of a professional football team, in terms of distance (m) parameter there found significant difference (p<0.05). Considering this information, it can be stated that distance can be a determinant in a football game score
Seasonal and spatial variations of ecological risk from potential toxic elements in the southern littoral zone of İzmir Inner Gulf, Turkey
Get PDFThis study aims to investigate the ecological risk level of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in İzmir Inner Gulf. Samples were taken from 16 stations selected in the southern littoral zone of the gulf for four seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn). Multi-element, total organic carbon, chlorophyll-a, biogenic silica and carbonate analyses were carried out. To determine contamination level and ecological risks, some indices (enrichment factor, modified hazard quotient and potential risk analysis, toxic risk index, etc.) were calculated. Mo and Pb show significant anthropogenic enrichment in the inner gulf. These are followed by Cu, Cd, and Zn with moderate accumulation. Risk assessment indices point out that Ni, Cr, and Cd have a serious potential to create risk for ecosystem, and these are followed by As, Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cu. According to the spatial distribution, land use maps, and factor analysis, the Cd, Zn, and Cr increases are localized at the mouth of the Poligon Stream. Pb and Cu accumulate at the mouth of four large streams feeding the eastern part of the gulf. Pb and Cu enrichment is associated with traffic and industrial discharges. While one of the sources of Hg is anthropogenic, another source is eutrophication resulting from benthic and planktonic diatom blooms. While Fe and Mn are added to the gulf via rivers as a result of rock and soil erosion, another source is sediment. Cr, As, and Ni come from anthropogenic and lithogenic sources and immobilized in sediment. CO3−2 source is marine (biogenic) and dilutes other immobilized PTEs. It is understood that the peripheral stations rich in allochthonous organic carbon and the stations close to the central area rich in autochthonous organic carbon contribute to the carbon source in question. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature