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Investigation of the Therapeutic Effects of Palbociclib Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles on Different Types of Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Get PDFIntroduction-Drug targeting and controlled drug release systems in cancer treatment have many advantages over conventional chemotherapy in terms of limiting systemic toxicity, side effects, and overcoming drug resistance.Methods and Results-In this paper, fabricating nanoscale delivery system composed of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) covered with poly-amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and using its advantages were fully used to help the chemotherapeutic drug, Palbociclib, effectively reach tumors, specifically and stay stable in the circulation longer. In order to determine whether conjugate selectivity can be increased for the specific drug type, we have reported different strategies for loading and conjugation of Palbociclib to different generations of magnetic PAMAM dendrimers. The best method leading to the highest amount of Palbociclib conjugation was chosen, and the characterization of the Palbociclib conjugated dendrimeric magnetic nanoparticles (PALDcMNPs) were performed. In vitro pharmacological activity of the conjugation was demonstrated by measuring the cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LHD) release. Obtained results indicated that PAL-DcMNPs treatment of the breast cancer cell lines, leads to an increase in cell toxicity compared to free Palbociclib. The observed effects were more evident for MCF-7 cells than for MDA-MB231 and SKBR3 cells, considering that viability decreased to 30% at 2.5 lM treatment of PAL-DcMNPs at MCF-7 cells. Finally, in Palbociclib and PAL-DcMNPs treated breast cancer cells, the expression levels of some pro-apoptotic and drug resistance related genes were performed by RT-PCR analysis.Conclusion-Our knowledge indicates that the proposed approach is novel, and it can provide new insight into the development of Palbociclib targeting delivery system for cancer treatment
Endophytic fungi from the common walnut and their in vitro antagonistic activity against Ophiognomonia leptostyla
Get PDFThe common (or English) walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an economically important hardwood tree species cultivated worldwide for its edible nuts and high-quality wood. However, walnut trees are attacked by many pathogens causing economic damage. Among these pathogens, the most important fungal disease agent of walnut is Ophiognomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Sogonov (formerly Gnomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Ces. et de Not), which causes walnut anthracnose. In this study, endophytic fungi from various walnuts tissues (leaves, roots, twigs, shoots, fruits, and petioles) were isolated and molecularly identified by ITS gene sequencing. Additionally, the isolated fungi were tested for their in vitro antagonistic potential against O. leptostyla. A total of 35 endophytic fungi were isolated and species richness of endophytic fungi in roots was found to be higher than in aboveground organs. The most frequently isolated species was Fusarium sp. Seven isolates (Alternaria sp. CC-3, A. chlamydosporigena CC-8 and CC-9, Fusarium acuminatum CC-11, unidentified CC-16, Neonectria sp. CC-22 and unidentified CC-44) showed the antagonistic effects on O. leptostyla at different rates and the highest inhibition rate was obtained from Alternaria sp. CC-3 with 52.5%. Also, the presence of polyketide synthase I-II and non-ribosomal peptide synthase genes (possible antifungal-related genes) was investigated by PCR. From seven isolates showing antagonistic activity, PKS-I gene was detected in 3 isolates (Alternaria sp. CC-3, A. chlamydosporigena CC-8 and CC-9), PKS-II in one isolate (F. acuminatum CC-11), NRPS in two isolates (unidentified CC-16 and Neonectria sp. CC-22). None of three genes was detected in one isolate (unidentified CC-44). This is the first study to determine the antagonistic activity of the endophytic fungi isolated from walnuts against O. leptostyla. It is thought that the results will be beneficial in the future biological control programs for walnut anthracnose disease
Design and Comprehensive Analyzes of a Highly Efficient TLA-Type Synchronous Reluctance Machine including the Effects of Conductor per Slot and Wire Size
Get PDFConsuming energy sources and greenhouse gas emission are one of the most prominent problems of the latest century. Most of the energy consumed globally and carbon dioxide emissions originate from electric motors used in the industry. Therefore, researchers have recently focused on the production of highly efficient, eco-friendly, and low-priced machines: Synchronous Reluctance Machines. In this study, the design and comprehensive Finite Element Analysis of a TLA-SynRM including the effects of the number of conductors per slot and wire diameter directly affecting stator slot fill factor and crucial for obtaining more realistic results from experiments has been initially carried out. Moreover, power factor, saliency ratio, and efficiency of the novel SynRM are enhanced by utilizing a fine-tuning process based on d- and q-axes flux paths. Additionally, the layer structure of the initial design is changed to a double-layer structure to improve the performance of the machine in the fine-tuning process. In the final step of this study, the machine has been manufactured, and experiments have been accomplished. This study has concluded that the novel SynRM have low torque ripple, high power factor, saliency ratio, and efficiency, whose value is within the range of IE5 efficiency class. © 2023 by the authors
Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization, Electronic Properties, and Biological Activity of the 4-(3-Methoxyphenyl)Piperazin-1-Ium 4-(3 Methoxyphenyl)Piperazine-1-Carboxylate Monohydrate
No full textIn this study, 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-ium 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate monohydrate was synthesized and characterized by using spectroscopic (XRD, FT-IR, FT-Ra, and NMR) techniques. Theoretical calculations were performed in the DFT method using the B3LYP functional and the 6-311 + + G(d,p) basis set and compared with the experimental results. It was determined that the geometric parameters and spectroscopic data obtained from the DFT calculations were in high agreement with the experimental results. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap was calculated at 5.19 eV, while this value was experimentally found at 4.26 eV from the UV-Vis absorption spectrum. Although the experimental and theoretical values are different from each other, according to both results, this synthesized structure has low reactivity and a tendency to be stable. Also, the electronic (MEP, Fukuki functions, and charge analyses), nonlinear optical, and thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, entropy, enthalpy change, and Gibbs free energy) of the title complex were investigated. Electrophilic and nucleophilic regions were found to be the same in all of the electronic investigation analyses. The first hyperpolarizability value was calculated to be 25 times (9.27 x 10(-30) esu) greater than that of the urea used for comparison. Therefore, it has very good nonlinear optical properties. The change in the values of calculated thermodynamic properties depending on the temperature change shows that the thermodynamic system of the structure changed. Finally, antimicrobial activity studies were carried out to evaluate the biological activity of this synthesized complex, the experimental results were supported by molecular docking studies, and the toxicological and physicochemical properties of the complex were investigated
Investigation of the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the functional properties of pea protein isolate
Get PDFThis study investigates the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on some functional properties of pea protein isolate (PPI). HHP was combined with various temperature and pH conditions to investigate the combined effects of HHP-based food processing conditions on the functional properties of PPI. Herein, PPI solutions prepared at different pH conditions (3.0, 5.0, and 7.0) were subjected to 300, 400, and 500 MPa HHP treatment at 25 and 50°C for 5 min. Water-holding capacity (WHC), solubility, and emulsification activity of PPI samples were determined. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments were performed for further analysis. Maximum WHC (p < 0.05) was observed for the samples treated at 500 MPa-pH 5.0-50°C whereas maximum solubility (p < 0.05) belonged to the samples subjected to 300 MPa-pH 7.0-50°C treatment conditions. Better emulsification activity was achieved at pH 3.0 regardless of the pressure level applied. The novelty of this study is that NMR relaxometry was introduced as a fast/nondestructive technique to investigate the changes in the functional properties of PPI samples and one of the functional parameters was correlated with NMR relaxation data. Herewith, the longest transverse relaxation time (T2) (p < 0.05) belonged to the samples with maximum WHC. The results showed that HHP is able to modify the functional properties of PPI at specific temperature-pH combinations, and NMR relaxometry technique has a high potential for such studies. Practical Applications: High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is an emerging technology which is used for its diverse range of applications in food science and technology. Modification of physicochemical and functional properties of food ingredients is one of the latest applications of HHP treatment. This study demonstrated that HHP treatment was able to modify some functional properties of pea protein isolate (PPI) samples such as water-holding capacity (WHC), solubility, and emulsification activity. In addition to pressure level, pH and temperature were also effective on modifying the functional properties of PPI samples. For instance, a high pressure (500 MPa) was required to improve WHC whereas lower pressures (300 MPa) improved the solubility of the samples at high pH and temperature. The results of this study could be used in model HHP studies to improve some functional properties of PPI for different purposes. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Crystal structure, vibrational spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and DFT analyses with antibacterial activity studies on silver nitrate complex of 5-iodoindole
Get PDFA novel complex silver nitrate of 5-iodindole molecule has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and 1H NMR analysis. DFT calculations were performed using the B3LYP with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set for light atoms (C,H, N, and O) and the DGDZVP basis set for heavy atoms (Ag and I). Theoretical and experimental bond lengths and bond angles have been compared and determined to be in good agreement with each other. By using 1H NMR analysis, the chemical shift values of H atoms in this new structure were determined and compared with the theoretically calculated values. Also, experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman modes of the complex structure assigned that depending on total energy distribution (TED) values have been compared with theoretical wavenumbers. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap, the frontier molecular orbital, the molecular electrostatic potential map, and atomic charge analysis have been carried out to reveal the electronic properties of the structure. The non-linear optical properties of the title molecule and its thermodynamic properties such as entropy, heat capacity, enthalpy change, and Gibbs free energy at different temperatures were investigated. Finally, the antibacterial activity of this new structure obtained from the synthesis of 5-iodoindole with silver nitrate has been evaluated
Recent advancements in the breeding of sorghum crop: current status and future strategies for marker-assisted breeding
Get PDFSorghum is emerging as a model crop for functional genetics and genomics of tropical grasses with abundant uses, including food, feed, and fuel, among others. It is currently the fifth most significant primary cereal crop. Crops are subjected to various biotic and abiotic stresses, which negatively impact on agricultural production. Developing high-yielding, disease-resistant, and climate-resilient cultivars can be achieved through marker-assisted breeding. Such selection has considerably reduced the time to market new crop varieties adapted to challenging conditions. In the recent years, extensive knowledge was gained about genetic markers. We are providing an overview of current advances in sorghum breeding initiatives, with a special focus on early breeders who may not be familiar with DNA markers. Advancements in molecular plant breeding, genetics, genomics selection, and genome editing have contributed to a thorough understanding of DNA markers, provided various proofs of the genetic variety accessible in crop plants, and have substantially enhanced plant breeding technologies. Marker-assisted selection has accelerated and precised the plant breeding process, empowering plant breeders all around the world. Copyright © 2023 Baloch, Altaf, Liaqat, Bedir, Nadeem, Cömertpay, Çoban, Habyarimana, Barutçular, Cerit, Ludidi, Karaköy, Aasim, Chung, Nawaz, Hatipoğlu, Kökten and Sun
Optimization of culture conditions for the production and activity of recombinant xylanase from microalgal platform
Get PDFXylanases are enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of the heteropolymer xylan. They have wide applications ranging from the bakery, animal husbandry, and textile to pulp and paper industry and biofuel productions. Recombinant xylanase production has been previously reported from different hosts such as bacteria and yeast. Microalgae offer a safe and cost-effective photosynthetic platform for producing recombinant proteins, including therapeutics and industrial enzymes. In this study, we optimized the production of recombinant xylanase expressed and secreted from the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The growth of the culture was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD), with two numeric (culture incubation time and agitation rate) and one categoric (light intensity) factors. The optimum biomass concentration was obtained as 0.71 mg/mL from the CCD values. In addition, bubble column photobioreactors were set and compared for the culture growth, the protein concentration, and the enzyme activity under different light intensities and air flows. Increasing the aeration rate from 1 vvm to 2 vvm resulted in improved enzyme activity from 5330.5 U/g to 6277.7 U/g under 3500 lux illumination on the 3rd day of the culture. This study may lead to the further large-scale production of xylanase with high enzyme activity and reveal the advantage of the microalgae as a sustainable platform. © 2023 Elsevier B.V
Assessment of Cerebral Arterial Flow Volume Changes with Carotid Vertebral Artery Duplex Doppler Ultrasound in Young-Middle-aged Subclinical Hashimoto Thyroiditis Patients
No full textOBJECTIVES: To demonstrate cerebral arterial flow volume changes during the hypothyroid, euthyroid, and hyperthyroid phases and comparing between laboratory findings and cerebral arterial flow changes with carotid-vertebral duplex Doppler ultrasound (CVA-DUSG) in subclinical Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) patients. METHODS: According to the TSH level, 3 groups were constructed between patient cases. Group 1 (n=29) was the subclinical hyperthyroid group. In this group, the TSH level was between 0.0005 and 0.3 IU/ml. Group 2 (n=175) was the euthyroid group. TSH level in this group was between 0.3 and 4.2 IU/ml. Group 3 (n=76) was the subclinical hypothyroid group. In this group, the TSH level was above 4.2 IU/ml. The control-group (group 4) (n=71) included healthy people. In this group, the TSH level was between 0.3 and 4.2 IU/ml. After obtaining at least three consecutive waves from the bilateral internal cerebral artery and bilateral vertebral artery, volume flows were calculated using CVA-DUSG. Volume flows were calculated as peak systolic velocity + end diastolic velocity/2 × mean arterial diameter. The mean ICA(Internal Carotid Artery) and VA(Vertebral Artery) diameter was measured per ICA and VA. Total cerebral artery flow volume was defined as right ICA + right VA flow volume and left ICA + left VA flow volume. We also demonstrated topographic cerebral artery blood flow changes. Total ICA flow volume was used to assess the anterior part of the brain, total VA flow volume was used to evaluate the posterior part of the brain, right ICA + right VA flow volume was used to assess the right part of the brain, and left ICA + left VA flow volume was used to verify the left part of the brain. RESULTS: There were significant differences between RVA(Right Vertebral Artery) flow volume, LICA (Left Internal Carotid Artery) flow volume, total flow volume, TSH, and T3 and T4 levels in all groups according to the Dunn's multiple comparison test.(p<0.001) Mean TSH level was 0.03 (0.005-0.06) IU/ml in group 1, 2.8 (1.8-3.97) IU/ml in group 2, 7.32 (6.14-9.93) IU/ml in group 3, and 1.76 (1.17-2.49) IU/ml in the control group. The mean T3 level was 4.18 (3.55-5.38) in group 1, 2.88 (2.63-3.16) in group 2, 2.82 (2.49-3.15) in group 3, 3.14 (2.92-3.15) in the control group. The mean T4 level was 1.92 (1.29-2.5) in group 1, 1.16(1.03-1.31) in group 2, 1.01 (0.91-1.16) in group 3, 1.12 (0.97-1.30) in the control group (group 4). Mean total flow volume was 793 (745-898) ml/min in group 1, 742 (684.25-822.5) ml/min in group 2, 747 (692-824) ml/min in group 3, and 700 (673-675) ml/min in the control group. We also demonstrated topographic cerebral arterial volume flow changes with CVA-DUSG. There was a significant difference among all groups in the right and anterior parts of the brain (p < 0.001), and there was a significant difference between groups 1 and 4 in the left part of the brain (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that total cerebral arterial volume flow increased in the hyperthyroid phase of subclinical HT cases without any internal carotid and vertebral artery diameter changes compared with the euthyroid and hypothyroid phases of subclinical HT and healthy cases. We also verified topographic cerebral arterial blood flow changes in subclinical HT cases with a real-time, easily applicable modality (CVA-DUSG) that does not include X-ray or contrast agents. There was a significant difference between all groups in the right and anterior parts of the brain and there was a significant difference between groups 1 and 4 in the left part of the brain. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected]
Photoreduction of Cr(VI) on B4C/AgFe2O4 composite
Get PDFThe present study aimed to couple boron carbide (B4C) and silver ferrite (AgFe2O4) in the composite structure for the Cr(VI) photoreduction application. B4C was synthesized through a heat treatment process of a polymer precursor, polyvinyl borate (PVB). B4C/AgFe2O4 composites were obtained by the synthesis of AgFe2O4 using a auto-combustion technique in the presence of the as-prepared B4C. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction analyses revealed that pure B4C, pure AgFe2O4, and the B4C/AgFe2O4 composites were synthesized successfully. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and N-2 adsorption-desorption studies exhibited that the as-prepared samples had similar surface morphology. The B4C/AgFe2O4 composites can absorb a significant part of the visible light and can be used as visible-light-driven photocatalyst, shown by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. Coupling B4C with AgFe2O4 in the composite structure provided enhancement in the Cr(VI) photoreduction efficiency. The Cr(VI) removal rate of pure B4C increased from 65.1% to 98.0% within 120 min. of visible light irradiation. The resulting enhancement in the Cr(VI) photoreduction efficiency was attributed to the suppression of the recombination of the photoexcited charge carriers on the composites, which was shown by photoluminescence spectroscopy. Under acidic conditions, the Cr(VI) removal rate in the presence of B4C/AgFe2O4 increased to almost 99%. The Cr(VI) photoreduction efficiency decreased to 89.9% when real wastewater spiked with Cr(VI) ions was used instead of the simulated Cr(VI) solution. It was observed that the prepared composites were reusable for the Cr(VI) removal process and magnetically separable from the Cr(VI) solution.[GRAPHICS]