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Alleviation of Aluminum-Induced Oxidative Stress, Trace Element, and Mineral Levels in Rat Tissues Protective Role of Pomegranate Juice (Punica Granatum L.)
Get PDFThe present investigation examined the impact of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice on trace elements, minerals, and oxidative stress in relation to the potential harm inflicted by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in rats. Rats were split into four groups at random for this purpose: control (C), pomegranate juice (PJ), aluminum chloride (A), and PJ + A. For 30 days, PJ was orally administered by gavage at a rate of 4 mL/kg every other day, whereas AlCl3 was administered intraperitoneally at 8.3 mg/kg. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to measure the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity in various tissues. In addition, high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAS) was used to determine the amounts of the elements Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, and Mg in the tissues. It was discovered that when PJ therapy was applied to all tissues, the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT activity increased, the GSH level rose, and the MDA level, a sign of lipid peroxidation, decreased. Al and Ca levels increased in the A group relative to the C group in all tissues, whereas they decreased in the A + PJ group relative to the A group. Group A exhibited a proportionate increase in Fe levels in the liver and renal tissues compared with group C. Furthermore, the A group’s brain tissue had a higher Fe level than the C group’s. The A + PJ group’s brain tissue had a lower Fe level than the A group’s. Our findings demonstrate that PJ therapy greatly decreased Al buildup and oxidative stress in tissues while controlling variations in trace element levels. In addition, it is concluded that PJ might have value as a strong chelating agent to prevent Al poisoning. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
RecruitNet: A global database of plant recruitment networks
Get PDFPlant recruitment interactions (i.e., what recruits under what) shape the composition, diversity, and structure of plant communities. Despite the huge body of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying recruitment interactions among species, we still know little about the structure of the recruitment networks emerging in ecological communities. Modeling and analyzing the community-level structure of plant recruitment interactions as a complex network can provide relevant information on ecological and evolutionary processes acting both at the species and ecosystem levels. We report a data set containing 143 plant recruitment networks in 23 countries across five continents, including temperate and tropical ecosystems. Each network identifies the species under which another species recruits. All networks report the number of recruits (i.e., individuals) per species. The data set includes >850,000 recruiting individuals involved in 118,411 paired interactions among 3318 vascular plant species across the globe. The cover of canopy species and open ground is also provided. Three sampling protocols were used: (1) The Recruitment Network (RN) protocol (106 networks) focuses on interactions among established plants (“canopy species”) and plants in their early stages of recruitment (“recruit species”). A series of plots was delimited within a locality, and all the individuals recruiting and their canopy species were identified; (2) The paired Canopy-Open (pCO) protocol (26 networks) consists in locating a potential canopy plant and identifying recruiting individuals under the canopy and in a nearby open space of the same area; (3) The Georeferenced plot (GP) protocol (11 networks) consists in using information from georeferenced individual plants in large plots to infer canopy-recruit interactions. Some networks incorporate data for both herbs and woody species, whereas others focus exclusively on woody species. The location of each study site, geographical coordinates, country, locality, responsible author, sampling dates, sampling method, and life habits of both canopy and recruit species are provided. This database will allow researchers to test ecological, biogeographical, and evolutionary hypotheses related to plant recruitment interactions. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set; please cite this data paper when using these data in publications. © 2022 The Authors. Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America
The importance of shape analysis of the first upper molar in the separation of two subspecies of the Hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius (Linnaeus, 1758)) in Northern Anatolia
Get PDFMorphological features are important for intraspecific and interspecific variation. Teeth are important taxonomical characteristics because they can differ according to diet. Shape analysis of the first upper molar (M1) was used to determine geographical variations and effects of ecological changes on the population structure of Hazel dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius) living in Turkey. Both outline and landmark analysis, as well as a canonical variates analysis, showed significant differences in teeth shape between populations. With this technique, we separated out two subspecies: M. a. trapezius and M. a. abanticus. © TÜBİTAK
Synthesis of B4C powder via the carbothermal reduction and photoreduction of Cr(VI) on B4C under visible light irradiation
Get PDFThe environmental problem caused by wastewater containing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is of great interest and photocatalytic technology has recently been recognized as a suitable method for dealing with wastes containing Cr(VI). In this study, boron carbide (B4C) powders were synthesized through a carbothermal reduction process using a polymer precursor, polyvinyl borate (PVB), and boric acid. The synthesized B4C powders were studied as a photocatalyst for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions under visible light irradiation. The effects of the B4C seed crystals and the Ni catalyst on the crystal purity as well as the Cr(VI) photoreduction efficiency of the prepared B4C powders were studied. B4C, synthesized in the presence of both the B4C seed crystals and the Ni catalyst, resulted in improved crystal purity, leading to an enhancement in the Cr(VI) photoreduction efficiency. The highest Cr(VI) removal rate of 65.1% was obtained. While the irradiation distance did not affect the Cr(VI) photoreduction efficiency much, the highest Cr(VI) removal was obtained with the visible light source (141 klux). The Cr(VI) removal rate was increased approximately 1.4 times with B4C powders synthesized in the presence of both the B4C seed crystals and the Ni catalyst. In addition, the effect of various parameters like the intial pH, Cr(VI) concentration and photocatalyst concentration on the Cr(VI) photoreduction efficiency of B4C was examined. Within the scope of examining the recyclability of the prepared photocatalyst, the Cr(VI) removal rate of B4C decreased from 65.1 to 52.4% after four consecutive cycles of Cr(VI) photoreduction experiments. © 2023, The Korean Ceramic Society
Superporous nanocarbon materials upcycled from polyethylene terephthalate waste for scalable energy storage
Get PDFPlastic pollution is becoming a universal threat affecting wildlife, marines, the atmosphere, soil, and human wellbeing. The insufficient waste management traditions, along with a growth in the "throw-away" and "single -use" culture, exacerbate the problem. Meanwhile, the fast-growing energy storage industry, such as the lithium -ion battery (LIB), requires renewable resources to provide a steady and reliable production supply chain. This work introduces a scalable industrial mature route to transform polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste into a superporous activated carbon material for rechargeable LIBs. We characterized the analytical properties of the waste-derived carbon material and used it to develop LIB anodes. Then, we generated carbon-silicon com-posite anodes by impregnating silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) into the superporous connected architecture network. We conducted density functional-based tight-binding (DFTB+) quantum chemical calculations to elucidate the binding interactions between PET and SiNPs. By implementing electrochemical impedance spec-troscopy (EIS), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), and differential capacity analysis (DCA), we investigated the root causes of the degradation mechanisms of the material. Finally, our techno-economical study highlights the merits of a sustainable approach for transferring waste materials into valuable products such as energy storage. This work can create further research and development for recycling plastic wastes towards scalable stationary battery storage with the benefits of environmental sustainability and circular economics
Investigating the usefulness of platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting mortality in patients with aortic dissection
No full textAmaç: Aort diseksiyonu(AD), aort duvarının içindeki katmanlarda meydana gelen ayrışmayla karakterize hayatı tehdit edici bir durumdur. AD aort acilleri arasında en sık görülen patolojidir. Biz bu çalışmamızda düşük maliyetli, kolay ulaşılabilir olan laboratuar tetkikleriyle, AD tanısı alan hastaların mortalitesi üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kırşehir Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi Acil Servisi'ne 01/01/2013-01/01/2023 tarihleri arasında başvurup, AD tanısı alan 37 hastanın ve bu hastalarla benzer komorbid hastalık ve demografik özelliklere sahip 40 kontrol grubu hastasının; demografik verileri, komorbid hastalıkları, risk faktörleri, kan parametreleri ve mortalite oranları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmamızdaki AD hastaların %62.1'i erkek, %37.2'si kadındır. AD hastalarının ortalama yaşı 62.57 11.55 iken kadınların yaş ortalaması 69.07 8.0, erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 57.95 11.96 'dır(p=0.004). AD hastalarının 23(%62.1)'ü hipertansiyon(HT), 10(%27)'u hiperlipidemi, 6(%16.2)'sı kardiyovasküler hastalık(KVH), 5(%13.5)'i serebrovasküler(SVH), 5(%13.5)'i diabetes mellitus(DM) hastasıdır. Kontrol grubunun platelet değerleri (271.52 74.02) uygulama grubunda yer alan hastaların platelet değerlerinden (223.75 78.23) daha yüksektir(p=0.007). Kontrol grubunun nötrofil değerleri (5.01(2.97-9.97)) uygulama grubunda yer alan hastaların platelet değerlerinden (6.68(2.81-25.07)) daha düşüktür(p=0.014). Kontrol grubunun nötrofil lenfosit oranı(NLR) değerleri (2.27(0.72-5.57)) uygulama grubunun NLR değerlerinden (3.15(1.07-14.46)) daha düşük bulunmuştur(p=0.038). Hastane içi ex olan hastaların yaş ortalaması (67.86 10.65) olmayan hastaların yaş ortalamasından (58.27 11.23) daha yüksek bulunmuştur(p=0.013). Hastane içi ex olan hastaların %80'i tip A, %20.0'si tip B diseksiyon olup; tip A diseksiyonda tip B'ye göre mortalite artmaktadır(p=0,009). Hastane içi ex olan hastaların %53.3'ü tip 1, %26.7'si tip 2 ve %20.0'si tip 3 diseksiyon olup; tip1 ve tip 2 diseksiyonda mortalite tip 3'e göre artmaktadır(p=0,027). Hastaların yaşındaki 1 birimlik artış hastane içi ex olma riskini 1.104 kat artırmaktadır (OR: 1.104, 95%C.I.: 1.010-1.207, p=0.030). KVH'nin olması hastane içi ex olma riskini 10.50 kat artırmaktadır (OR: 10.50, 95%C.I.:1.079-102.17, p=0.043). Stanford tip A diseksiyon olması hastane içi ex olma riskini 7.0 kat artırmaktadır (OR: 7.00, 95%C.I.:1.509-32.478, p=0.013). Debakey tip 1 diseksiyon olması hastane içi ex olma riskini 9.199 kat artırmaktadır(OR: 9.199, 95%C.I.: 1.377-61.460, p=0.022). Debakey tip 2 diseksiyon olması Hastane içi Ex olma riskini 7.914 kat artırmaktadır (OR: 7.914, 95%C.I.: 0.702-89.209, p=0.028). Sonuç: Bu çalışmada AD'nin kadınlarda görülme yaşının erkeklerden daha yüksek olduğunu, AD geçiren hastalarda platelet sayısının düşerken nötrofil sayısının ve NLR'nin arttığını, Stanford tip A diseksiyon ile DeBakey tip 1 ve tip 2 diseksiyonlarda mortalitenin arttığını, ileri yaş ve KVH'ye sahip olma durumunun mortaliteyi arttırdığını, platelet lenfosit oranı(PLR) ve NLR yüksekliğinin mortaliteyle ilişkili olmadığını saptadık. Bu konuda, geniş vaka serilerini içeren çok merkezli çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu düşünmekteyiz. Anahtar sözcükler: Aort diseksiyonu, PLR, NLR, MortaliteObjective: Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening condition characterized by separation of the layers within the aortic wall. AD is the most common pathology among aortic emergencies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of low-cost, easily accessible laboratory tests on the mortality of patients diagnosed with AD. Materials and Methods: In this study, demographic data, comorbid diseases, risk factors, blood parameters and mortality rates of 37 patients who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Ahi Evran University Faculty of Medicine Kırşehir Training and Research Hospital between 01/01/2013-01/01/2023 and diagnosed with AD and 40 control group patients with similar comorbid diseases and demographic characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Results: In our study, 62.1% of AD patients were male and 37.2% were female. The mean age of AD patients was 62.57 11.55 years, the mean age of women was 69.07 8.0 years and the mean age of men was 57.95 11.96 years (p=0.004). Among AD patients, 23(62.1%) had hypertension(HT), 10(27%) had hyperlipidemia, 6(16.2%) had cardiovascular disease(CVD), 5(13.5%) had cerebrovascular disease, and 5(13.5%) had diabetes mellitus(DM). Platelet values of the control group (271.52 74.02) were higher than the platelet values of the patients in the intervention group (223.75 78.23) (p=0.007). Neutrophil values of the control group (5.01(2.97-9.97)) were lower than the platelet values of the patients in the treatment group (6.68(2.81-25.07))(p=0.014). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR) values of the control group (2.27(0.72-5.57)) were lower than NLR values of the intervention group (3.15(1.07-14.46))(p=0.038). The mean age of patients with in-hospital ex (67.86 10.65) was higher than the mean age of patients without in-hospital ex (58.27 11.23)(p=0.013). Of the patients who died in-hospital, 80% had type A dissection and 20.0% had type B dissection; mortality increased in type A dissection compared to type B (p=0.009). Of the patients who died in-hospital, 53.3% were type 1, 26.7% type 2 and 20.0% type 3 dissections; mortality increased in type 1 and type 2 dissections compared to type 3 (p=0.027). A 1-unit increase in the age of the patients increases the risk of in-hospital death by 1.104 times(OR: 1.104, 95%C.I.: 1.010-1.207, p=0.030). The presence of CVD increases the risk of in-hospital death by 10.50 times (OR: 10.50, 95% C.I.:1.079-102.17, p=0.043). Stanford type A dissection increases the risk of in-hospital death by 7.0 times (OR: 7.00, 95% C.I.:1.509-32.478, p=0.013). Having Debakey type 1 dissection increases the risk of in-hospital death by 9.199 times (OR: 9.199, 95% C.I.: 1.377-61.460, p=0.022). Having Debakey type 2 dissection increases the risk of in-hospital death by 7.914 times (OR: 7.914, 95% C.I.: 0.702-89.209, p=0.028). Conclusion: In this study, we found that the age of onset of AD was higher in women than in men, platelet count decreased while neutrophil count and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) increased in patients with AD, mortality increased in Stanford type A dissection and DeBakey type 1 and type 2 dissections, advanced age and having cardiovascular disease (CVD) increased mortality, while platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and NLR were not associated with mortality. We think that multicenter studies including large case series are needed in this regard. Keywords: Aortic dissection, PLR, NLR, Mortalit
The investigation of the synergetic and cytotoxic effects of the doxorubicin and omeprazole on the MCF-7 cancer cell line
No full textMeme kanseri, dünya çapında kadınlar arasında en sık görülen malign hastalık türüdür. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde son birkaç yılda bu tip kanser insidansında artış görülmüştür. Günümüzde meme kanseri, kansere bağlı ölümlerin ikinci önde gelen nedenidir. Kanser tedavisinde mevcutta uygulanan tedavi yöntemleri yan etkiyi de beraberinde getirdiğinden yeni tedavi yöntemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu amaçla iki veya daha fazla ilacın kombine olarak kullanılması kanser tedavisinde etkili bir yol olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada doksorubisin ve omeprazol etken maddeleri MCF-7 hücreleri üzerine tekli ve kombine şekilde doza ve zamana bağımlı uygulanmıştır. Kombine kullanımda terapötik etkiyi artırmak, kemoterapötik ajana geliştirilen direnç ve yan etkileri azaltmak amaçlanmıştır. Doksorubisin, bir antrasiklin antibiyotiği olup tümör hücresi apoptozunu indüklemek için birçok kanserde yaygın olarak kullanılan bir antikanser ajandır. Omeprazol ise gastrik proton pompası inhibitörü özelliğinde ilaçtır. MCF-7, meme kanseri çalışmalarında yaygın olarak kullanılan hücre hattıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, anti kanser ajan doksorubisin ve proton pompası inhibitörü omeprazolün MCF-7 hücreleri üzerindeki ayrı ayrı ve kombine kullanımlarının hücreler üzerindeki sitotoksik ve sinerjetik etkinliklerini araştırmaktır. Ek olarak bu çalışma, proton pompası inhibitörünün meme kanserinde kullanılan sitotoksik ajanın etkinliğini artırıp artırmayacağını araştırmak için tasarlanmıştır. Bu sebeple etken maddelerin tekli ve kombine uygulanması sonucu MTT testi ile IC50 dozları belirlenmiştir. Ardından sinerjetik etki hesaplanarak qPCR deneyleri için RNA izolasyonu ve cDNA sentezi deneyi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Etken maddelerin apoptoz üzerindeki etkileri akış sitometri ile tespit edilmiştir. Doksorubisin ve omeprazol ayrı ayrı ve kombine kullanımının MCF-7 hücre hattı üzerindeki qPCR deneyi sonuçlarında anlamlı değişim gösteren mRNA'ların hangi yolakta rolü olduğu belirlenmiştir. MCF-7 meme kanseri hücre hattında apoptotik etkiye sebep olan proton pompası inhibitörünün sinyal yolaklarında gen ifade düzeyindeki etkileri gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak doksorubisinin antikanser etkinliğinin proton pompası inhibitörü ile arttığı gösterilmiştir. Kombine uygulamanın tekli uygulamaya göre hücreler üzerinde daha kuvvetli bir sitotoksik etki gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. Etken maddelerin tek başına ve kombine kullanımının hem doz artımı hem de zamana bağlı olarak apoptozisi indüklediği görülmüştür.Breast cancer is the most common type of malignant disease among woman worldwide. In developing countries, the incidence of this type of cancer has increased in the last few years. Today, breast cancer is second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Since the current treatment methods used in cancer treatment bring side effects, new treatment methods are needed. For this purpose, the combined use of two or more drugs is an effective way of cancer treatment. In this study, doxorubicin and omeprazole were administered singly and in combination on MCF-7 cells in a dose and time dependent manner. Combined use aims to increase the therapeutic effec and reduce the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and side effects. Doxorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, is an anticancer agent widely used in many cancers to induce tumor cell apoptosis. Omeprazole is a gastric proton pump inhibitor. MCF-7 is a cell line commonly used in breast cancer studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and synergetic activities of the anticancer agent doxorubicin and the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole on MCF-7 cells, separately and in combination. In addition, this study was designed to investigate whether a proton pump inhibitor could increase the efficacy of a cytotoxic agent used in breast cancer. For this reason, IC50 doses were determined by MTT assay as a result of single and combined administration of the active substances. Then, the synergetic effect was calculated and RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis assay for qPCR experiments were performed. The effects of active substances on apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. It was determined in which pathway the mRNAs that showed significant chanes in the results of qPCR experiments on MCF-7 cell line using doxorubicin and omeprazole seperately and in combination were involved. The effects of proton pump inhibitor, which causes apoptotic effect in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, were shown at gene expression level expression in signallingg pathways. As a result, it was shown that the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin increased with proton pump inhibitor. Combined administration showed a stronger cytotoxic effect on cells than single administration
The relationship between plasma atherogenic index (PAI) and CHA2DS2-VASc scores in st-elevation and non-ST myocardial i?nfarcti?ons
No full textAmaç: Bu çalışmada acil servise başvuran ve myokard enfarktüsütanısı alan hastaların CHA?DS?-VASc skoru ile Plazma aterojenik indeks (PAİ), monosit HDL oranı (MHR), platelet lenfosit oranı (PLR) ve Nötrofil lenfosit oranları arasındaki ilişki değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca ST elevasyonlu (STEMI) ve Non-ST Miyokard Enfarktüsleri (NSTEMI) ile korelasyonlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışma 2020-2023 tarihleri arasında Kırşehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Acil servisinde myokard enfarktüsü tanısı konulan hastalar üzerinde yapılmış olup retrospektif tanımlayıcı bir uzmanlık tezi araştırmasıdır. Çalışmaya 200 STEMI, 200 NSTEMI hastası ve 200 kontrol grubu sağlıklı gönüllü dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların ve kontrol grubunun tamamının yaş ortalaması 60,70±12,33'tür. Gruplara göre skorlar ve kan değerleri karşılaştırıldığında CAD VASC, PAİ, PLR, NLR ve MHR skor değerlerinde önemli farklılık olduğu bulunmuştur. CAD VASC skoru NSTEMİ grubunda STEMİ ve kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksektir. PAİ skoru hem NSTEMİ hemde STEMİ gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksektir. MHR STEMİ grubunda kontrol gurubuna göre daha yüksektir. NLR hem NSTEMİ hem STEMİ gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksektir. CAD VASC skoru ile NLR ve PLR arasında pozitif yönde zayıf korelasyon olduğu bulunmuştur. PAİ ile MHR arasında pozitif yönde zayıf, PLR ile negatif yönde zayıf korelasyon olduğu tesbit edilmiştir. CADVASC skorundaki bir birimlik artış MI riskini 1.60 kat, PAİ skorundaki bir birimlik artış 3.24 kat, NLR'deki bir birimlik artış 2.59 kat artırırken, PLR'deki bir birimlik artış MI riskini 1.013 kat azaltmaktadır. Sonuç: Bu çalışmadan elde edilen verilere göre myokardiyal infarktüs geçiren hastalarda ateroskleroz göstergesi olan bütün inflamasyon parametrelerinin yükseldiği tesbit edilmiştir. CHA?DS?-VASc ile PAI arasında önemli bir korelasyon bulunamamıştır, ancak CHA?DS?-VASc skorunun özellikle NSTEMI'de PAİ'nin ise her iki MI gurubunda bariz yüksek olduğu tesbit edilmiştir. Bu itibarla CHA?DS?-VASc skoru kliniklerde ve acil servislerde özellikle NSTEMI'yi öngördürücü etkisi yüksek iken; PAİ'nin belirli bir miyokard enfarktüsü alt grubunu öngördürücü etkisi belirgin değildir. Bu iki parametrenin miyokard enfarktüsü risk skorlamalarında kullanılabilirliğinin daha net değerlendirilmesi için daha kapsamlı ve çok merkezli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar kelimeler: myokard infarktüsü, stemi, nstemı, cha?ds?-vasc, paı, nlrAim: In this study, the relationship between the CHA? Dec-VASc score, Plasma atherogenic index (PAI), monocyte HDL ratio (MHR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil lymphocyte ratios of patients admitted to the emergency department and diagnosed with myocardial infarction was evaluated. It was also aimed to determine the correlations with ST elevation (STEMI) and Non-ST Myocardial Infarctions (NSTEMI). Method: This study was conducted on patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction in the Emergency Department of Kırşehir Education and Research Hospital between 2020-2023 and is a retrospective descriptive speciality thesis research. 200 STEMI, 200 NSTEMI patients and 200 control group healthy volunteers were included in this study. Symptoms: The average age of the whole patients included in the study and the control group was 60.70±12.33. When scores and blood values were compared according to the groups, significant differences were found in CAD VASC, PAI, PLR, NLR and MHR score values. CAD VASC score is higher in the NSTEMI group compared to STEMI and control group. PAI score was higher in both NSTEMI and STEMI groups compared to the control group. MHR is higher in the STEMI group than in the control group. NLR is higher in both NSTEMI and STEMI groups compared to the control group. It was found that there is a weak correlation between CAD VASC score and NLR and PLR in a positive direction. It was found out that there is a weak correlation between PAI and MHR in the positive direction, and a weak correlation between PLR and Dec. A one-unit increase in CADVASC score increases MI risk by 1.60 times, a one-unit increase in PAI score increases it by 3.24 times, a one-unit increase in NLR increases it by 2.59 times, while a one-unit increase in PLR reduces MI risk by 1.013 times. Conclusion: According to the data obtained from this study, all inflammation parameters, which are indicators of atherosclerosis, were found to be increased in patients with myocardial infarction. No significant correlation was found between CHA?DS?-VASc and PAI, but CHA?DS?-VASc score was found to be significantly higher especially in NSTEMI and PAI in both MI groups. In this respect, while the predictive effect of CHA?DS?-VASc score is high in clinics and emergency departments, especially for NSTEMI, the predictive effect of PAI for a certain subgroup of myocardial infarction is not significant. More comprehensive and multicentre studies are needed to more clearly evaluate the usibility of these two parameters in myocardial infarction risk scoring. Keywords: myocardıal ınfarctıon, stemı, nstemı, cha?ds?-vasc, paı, nl
Türler Arası Melezleme İle Geliştirilen F2 Generasyonundaki Domates Anaç Adaylarının Tuz Stresine Tolerans Seviyelerinin Belirlenmesi
Get PDFTuzluluk, tarımsal üretim için ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bitkilerin tuz
toleransının ıslah yoluyla iyileştirilmesi, tuz stresine toleransın içerdiği özelliklerin çokluğu
nedeniyle karmaşıktır. Çalışmada bitkisel materyal olarak; 3 adet Solanum habrochaites (baba
ebeveyn) ve 3 adet Solanum lycopersicum türünün (ana ebeveyn) melezlenmesi sonucu elde
edilmiş 8 adet F1 domates hattı ve bu F1 hibrit bitkilerin kendilenmesiyle elde edilen F2 bitkileri
kullanılmıştır. Bitkiler 8 dS/m tuz stresi altında 30 gün boyunca su kültürü koşullarında
büyütülmüştür. F2 bitkilerinin bitki büyüme parametrelerine göre tuz stresine tolerans seviyeleri
belirlenmiştir. Tuz stresi koşullarında F1 (AEÜ-4×SH2, AEÜ-7×SH3, AEÜ-12×SH4, AEÜ-
4×SH3, AEÜ-7×SH4, AEÜ-7×SH2, AEÜ-4×SH4 ve AEÜ-12×SH3) bitkilerinin
kendilenmesiyle elde edilen 574 adet F2 bitkisi arasından 98 tanesinin tuz stresine tolerans
seviyesi yüksek olarak bulunmuştur. 98 adet F2 bitkisinden koltuk sürgünü alınarak yeni bitkiler
elde edilmiştir. Bu bitkiler sera koşullarında yetiştirilerek, kendilenmiş ve tohumları alınmıştır.
Tuza toleranslı oldukları tespit edilen bu ıslah hatları, gelecekte yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarında
kullanılmak üzere geniş ve nitelikli gen havuzlarının oluşturulmasına önemli katkı
sağlayacaktır
Examination of mathematical thinking skills of preservice mathematics teachers in the context of mathematical modeling
No full textBu araştırmada matematik öğretmeni adaylarının matematiksel modelleme bağlamında matematiksel düşünme becerileri araştırılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımının benimsendiği bu çalışmada durum çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında İç Anadolu Bölgesinde yer alan bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 165 matematik öğretmeni adayı ile yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama aracı olarak, matematiksel düşünmenin özelleştirme ve genelleme bileşenlerine yönelik üçer; varsayımda bulunma bileşenine yönelik iki; ispatlama bileşenine yönelik ise dört olmak üzere toplam 12 açık uçlu sorudan oluşan "Matematiksel Modelleme Odaklı Matematiksel Düşünme Testi" geliştirilmiş ve öğretmen adaylarına uygulanmıştır. Uygulama süreci sonunda elde edilen veriler ise, dereceli puanlama anahtarına göre değerlendirilmiş ve tam puan alamayan adayların yanıtları yaptıkları hatalara göre sınıflandırılarak temalaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, adayların özelleştirme bileşenine ait sorularda "Okuduğunu anlama eksikliği" ve "Dikkat eksikliği"; genelleme bileşenine ait sorularda "Veriler arası yanlış ilişkilendirme", "Dikkat eksikliği" ve "Genele ulaşamama"; varsayımda bulunma bileşenine ait sorularda ise "Dikkat eksikliği" ve "Veriler arası eksik ilişki kurma" temalarından kaynaklı soruları doğru yanıtlayamadıkları belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında adayların matematiksel düşünme bileşenlerinden ispatlama bileşenine ait sorularını diğer bileşenlere göre daha az cevapladıkları görülmüştür. İspatlama bileşenine ait sorularda ise "Genele ulaşamama", "Dikkat eksikliği", "Gerekçe sunma eksikliği", Alan bilgisi eksikliği" ve "Okuduğunu anlama eksikliği" temalarından kaynaklı soruları doğru yanıtlayamadıkları belirlenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde ulaşılan bu temalar sonucunda öğretmenlere ve velilere, öğrencilerde dikkat eksikliği ve okuduğunu anlama eksikliğinin giderilmesi için dikkat ve odaklanma çalışmaları yapılması önerilmiştir. Aynı zamanda elde edilen veriler doğrultunda modelleme sürecinde model kullanımının önemi fark edilmiş ve öğretmenlerin derste matematiksel modellerden örnekler vermesi ve öğrencilerin problemlerin çözümünde model kullanmaları için teşvik edilmesi önerilmiştir.In this study, mathematical thinking skills of preservice mathematics teachers were investigated in the context of mathematical modelling. In this study, in which the qualitative research approach was adopted, the case study method was used. The research was conducted with 165 preservice mathematics teachers studying at a state university in the Central Anatolia Region in the 2021-2022 academic year. As a data collection tool, the "Mathematical Modeling Oriented Mathematical Thinking Test" consisting of 12 openended questions, three for the specializing and generalizing components of mathematical thinking, two for the conjecturing, and four open questions for the proving component, was developed and administered to the teacher candidates. The data obtained at the end of the application process, on the other hand, were evaluated according to the rubric and the answers of the candidates who could not get full points were classified and themed according to the mistakes they made. As a result of the data obtained, it was determined that the preservice teachers could not fully carry out the modeling process due to the themes of "Lack of reading comprehension" and "Lack of attention" in the questions related to the specializing component. It was determined that in the questions of the generalizing component, they could not fully carry out the modeling process due to the themes of "Wrong association between data", "Lack of attention" and "Not reaching the general". In the questions related to the conjecturing component, it was determined that they could not fully perform the modeling process due to the themes of "Lack of attention" and "Incomplete relationships between data". In addition, it was observed that the preservice teachers answered the modeling questions of the proving component, which is one of the mathematical thinking components, less than the other components. In the questions related to the proving component, it is thought that the modeling process could not be carried out completely due to the themes of "Not reaching the general", "Lack of attention", "Lack of justification", "Lack of subject matter knowledge" and "Lack of reading comprehension". As a result of these themes reached in the analysis of the data, it was suggested to the teachers and parents that attention and focus studies should be carried out in order to eliminate the lack of attention and reading comprehension in students. At the same time, the importance of using models in the modeling process was realized in line with the data obtained, and it was suggested that teachers give examples of mathematical models in the lesson and that students should be encouraged to use models in solving problems