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Inequality at the Dawn of the Bronze Age: The Case of Başur Höyük, a 'Royal' Cemetery at the Margins of the Mesopotamian World
No full textOn the upper reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates, archaeologists encounter evidence that challenges conventional understandings of early state formation as a transition from 'small-scale, egalitarian' to 'large-scale, stratified' societies. One such location is the Early Bronze Age cemetery of Ba & scedil;ur H & ouml;y & uuml;k, which presents evidence of grand funerary rituals-including 'retainer burials' and spectacular deposits of metallic wealth-in an otherwise small-scale, egalitarian setting. A further, puzzling feature of this cemetery is the preponderance of teenagers in the richest tombs. Here we describe the combined results of archaeological and anthropological analysis at Ba & scedil;ur H & ouml;y & uuml;k, including ancient DNA, and consider the challenges they pose to traditional accounts of early state formation.Arts and Humanities Research Council [AH/R00353X/1]; AHRC Research Grant; Radical Death and Early State Formation in the Ancient Near East [BB/S019669/1]; AHRCResearch presented in this article was funded by an AHRC Research Grant (AH/R00353X/1), 'Radical Death and Early State Formation in the Ancient Near East.' The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the AHRC and UKRI, and for their advice and input, the members of our project's advisory board: Roger Matthews (Reading University), Susan Pollock (Free University, Berlin), Mike Parker-Pearson (UCL), and Danielle Antoine (British Museum). We also wish to thank the Research/Scientific Computing teams at The James Hutton Institute and NIAB for providing computational resources and technical support for the 'UK's Crop Diversity Bioinformatics HPC' (BBSRC grant BB/S019669/1), use of which has contributed to the results reported within this manuscript
Nanostructured Lipoxin A4: Understanding Its Biological Behavior and Impact on Alzheimer’s Disease (Proof of Concept)
No full textBackground/Objectives: Lipoxins, particularly Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), are endogenous lipid mediators with potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, making them promising candidates for the treatment of inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. However, their therapeutic application is limited by poor stability and bioavailability. This study aimed to develop and characterize nanomicelles encapsulating LXA4 (nano-lipoxin A4) to improve its pharmacological efficacy against Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition marked by chronic inflammation and beta-amyloid (A?) accumulation. Methods: Nano-lipoxin A4 was synthesized using Pluronic F-127 as a carrier and characterized in terms of morphology, physicochemical stability, and in vitro activity against A? fibrils. Dissociation of A? fibrils was assessed via Thioflavin-T fluorescence assays and transmission electron microscopy. In vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles were evaluated using technetium-99m-labeled nano-lipoxin A4 in rodent models. Hepatic biochemical parameters were also measured to assess potential systemic effects. Results: In vitro studies demonstrated that nano-lipoxin A4 effectively dissociated A? fibrils at concentrations of 50 nM and 112 nM. Electron microscopy confirmed the disruption of fibrillar structures. In vivo imaging revealed predominant accumulation in the liver and spleen, consistent with reticuloendothelial system uptake. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a prolonged half-life (63.95 h) and low clearance rate (0.001509 L/h), indicating sustained systemic presence. Biochemical assays revealed elevated liver enzyme levels, suggestive of increased hepatic metabolism or potential hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: Nano-lipoxin A4 exhibits significant therapeutic potential for Alzheimer’s disease through effective modulation of A? pathology and favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics. However, the elevation in liver enzymes necessitates further investigation into systemic safety to support clinical translation. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Paired disjunctive domination in some shadow distance graphs
No full textThis paper investigates the concept of paired disjunctive domination, initially proposed by Henning et al. A subset D subset of V is defined as a disjunctive dominating set of a graph G if, for every vertex v is an element of V, there exists either a vertex in D adjacent to v, or there are at least two vertices in D such that their distance from v is exactly two in G. Furthermore, a disjunctive dominating set D subset of V is labeled as a paired disjunctive dominating set if the induced subgraph by D in G contains a perfect matching. This paper explores the implications of the paired disjunctive domination parameter on shadow graphs, 2-distance graphs, and 3-distance path and cycle shadow graphs
Dental travma vakalarında kayıt ve süreç yönetimi: Nicel ve Nitel değerlendirme
No full text[Özet Yok
Evaluation of Growth Characteristics and Final Height of Cases Diagnosed with Noonan Syndrome on Growth Hormone Treatment
No full textObjective: Proportional short stature is one of the most important features of Noonan syndrome (NS), and adult height often remains below the third percentile. Although the pathophysiology of short stature in NS patients is not fully understood, it has been shown that growth hormone (GH) treatment is beneficial in NS, significantly improving height in respect to the results of short and long-term GH treatment. Methods: In this national retrospective cohort study, patients with NS who reached final height from 14 centers were evaluated. Patients were stratified by sex and treatment with or without GH and final height outcomes were compared. Results: The study included 67 patients with NS, of whom 53 (79.1%) with mean follow-up 5.6 years, received GH treatment. At presentation height standard deviation scores (SDS) of the subjects who were started on GH tended to be shorter than those who did not (-3.26 +/- 1.07 vs.-2.53 +/- 1.23). In girls mean final height and final height SDS in those using GH vs not using GH were 150.1 cm (-2.17 SDS) vs. 147.4 cm (-2.8 SDS), respectively, and for boys these values were 162.48 cm (-1.81 SDS) vs 157.46 cm (-2.68 SDS), respectively. The Delta height SDS value of the cases was significantly higher in the group receiving GH compared to those not receiving GH (1.36 +/- 1.12 SD vs.-0.2 +/- 1.24, p<0.001). Cardiac findings remained stable in two patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who received GH treatment. No significant side effects were observed in any patient during follow-up. Conclusion: In patients with NS who reach their final height, a significant increase in height was observed with GH treatment. An increase of approximately +1.4 SDS may be achieved. GH treatment appears to be safe and effective in NS
Next-Gen Bioprocessing: Sustainable Scale-Up of Triple Algal Co-culture System
No full textIn recent years, microalgae have attracted considerable interest because of their diverse uses in sustainable biotechnology. The role of microalgae in industrial biotechnology is steadily increasing; however, limitations (e.g. cost, operations and maintenance) encountered during scaling-up processes necessitate the development of more efficient methods. The co-culture approach offers numerous advantages, including enhanced productivity, sustainability, product diversity, cost-effective operations, and eco-friendly processing. In this study, a triple algal co-culture of Haematococcus pluvialis Chlorella vulgaris, and Spirulina platensis was scaled up in air-lift photobioreactors (ALPBRs) from 2 L to 8 L using constant power consumption per unit volume as the scale-up strategy. The results indicated that scaling-up increased productivity (approximately 1.3-fold increase), with significant improvements in production parameters observed in the 8 L ALPBR. Biomass productivity showed a 1.75-fold increase when scaling from 2 L to 8 L. Protein, chlorophyll and carotenoid productivities increased 1.5-fold, 1.2-fold, and 1.1-fold, respectively, compared to the 2 L ALPBR. These results demonstrate that the triple algal co-culture system enhances both energy and product efficiency, confirming the effectiveness of scale-up using a constant power consumption per unit volume strategy and highlighting its potential for more sustainable and efficient microalgal production processes through increased biomass and bioactive product yields. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Şeker et al. Comparative Analysis of Phenolic, Carotenoid, and Elemental Profiles in Three Crataegus Species from Şebinkarahisar, Türkiye: Implications for Nutritional Value and Safety. (vol 30, 2934, 2025)
No full text[Abstract Not Acaileble
Okullarda örgütsel demokrasi ve örgütsel yabancılaşmanın incelenmesi
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı, okullarda örgütsel demokrasi ve örgütsel yabancılaşmanın incelenmesidir. Çalışma karma araştırma modellerinden açıklayıcı karma desen şeklinde tasarlanmıştır. Nicel ve nitel veriler toplanarak, nicel verilerden elde edilen bulgular nitel veri bulgularıyla desteklenmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini 2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılında İzmir ili merkez ilçeleri resmi okullarda görev yapan öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın nicel verileri için 893 öğretmenden oluşan örneklem grubundan toplanan anket verileri ile sonuçlar analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan "Örgütsel Demokrasi Ölçeği" ve "Örgütsel Yabancılaşma Ölçeği"nden elde edilen veriler SPSS 26.0 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen "Örgütsel Yabancılaşma Ölçeği" için açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA), doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) ve güvenirlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Demografik değişkenler için T testi, ANOVA testleri, Post-Hoc testlerinden olan Tukey HSD kullanılmıştır. Ölçeklerin ve alt boyutlarının güvenirlik değerlerini belirlemek amacıyla için Cronbach Alpha analizi yapılmıştır. Ölçeklerin birbirleri arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmek amacıyla Pearson Korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Korelasyon analizinde anlamlı çıkan ölçek ve alt boyutlarıyla regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda öğretmenlerin örgütsel demokrasi algılarının orta düzeyin üzerinde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin örgütsel demokrasi algıları en fazla şeffaflık, en az adalet alt boyutunda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Demografik değişkenler açısından öğretmenlerin cinsiyet, yaş ve kıdemlerine göre örgütsel demokrasi algılarında önemli farklılıklar görülmemiştir. Ancak evli öğretmenlerin, bekar öğretmenlere göre; eğitim durumu lisans ve önlisans olan öğretmenlerin yüksek lisans ve doktoralı öğretmenlere göre, ilkokul öğretmenlerinin diğer okul türlerinde görev yapan öğretmenlere göre örgütsel demokrasi algılarının daha fazla olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin örgütsel yabancılaşma algılarının ise orta düzeyin biraz altında olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin en çok mesleğe yabancılaştıkları, en az kendilerine yabancılaştıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Örgütsel yabancılaşmada öğretmenlerin yaşları hariç diğer demografik değişkenlerde anlamlı farklılara ulaşılmıştır. Cinsiyet değişkeni açısından erkek öğretmenlerin kadın öğretmenlerden, yaş değişkeninde 20-30 yaş grubu öğretmenlerin diğer yaş grubu öğretmenlerden, medeni durumu bekar olanların evli olan öğretmenlerden daha fazla yabancılaştıkları tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek lisans ve doktoralı öğretmenlerin daha fazla anlamsızlık yaşadıkları, ortaokul öğretmenlerinin ilkokul öğretmenlerinden daha fazla yabancılaştıkları, 30 yıl ve üzeri kıdeme sahip öğretmenlerin kuralsızlık gösterdiği ve sosyal ve sınıf grubu öğretmenlerin daha fazla yabancılaştıkları sonuçları görülmüştür. Örgütsel demokrasi ve örgütsel yabancılaşma ölçekleri ve alt boyutlarından alınan puanların ilişkisinin incelendiği korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre; örgütsel yabancılaşma ile örgütsel demokrasi arasında negatif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Regrasyon analizi sonucuna göre okullarda örgütsel demokrasinin katılım, şeffaflık, adalet, eşitlik ve hesap verebilirlik alt boyutlarının örgütsel yabancılaşmanın önemli birer yordayıcısı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın nitel verileri için 27 öğretmenle mülakat yapılmış olup elde edilen veriler, NVIVO programı ile betimsel ve içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre, örgütsel demokrasi bağlamında okullarda en çok katılım, adalet, eşitlik boyutlarında sorunların yaşandığı görüşü belirtilmiştir. Örgütsel yabancılaşma bağlamında ise öğretmenler en çok kendilerini güçsüz hissettiklerini, zamanla anlamsızlık ve mesleğe yabancılaşma yaşadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Araştırma bulguları sonucunda okullarda örgütsel demokrasiyi güçlendirmek, örgütsel yabancılaşmayı önlemeye yönelik çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Okullarda örgütsel demokrasi anlayışının benimsenmesi için öğretmenlerin yönetim süreçlerine dolayısıyla karar alma süreçlerinde yer alması; yöneticilerin adil, eşit, şeffaf davranması; öğretmenlerin örgütsel süreçlere daha fazla katılması önerileri sunulmuştur. Öğretmenlerin okullarında örgütsel yabancılaşma yaşamamaları için öğretmenlik mesleğinin itibarıyla ilgili MEB politikalarına ilişkin çalışmaların yapılması, demokratik bir okul kültürünün oluşturulması şeklinde öneriler sunulmuştur.The purpose of this research is to examine organizational democracy and organizational alienation in schools. The study is designed as an explanatory sequential mixed method, one of the mixed research models. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected, and the findings obtained from the quantitative data were supported by the findings of the qualitative data. The population of the research consists of teachers working in public schools in the central districts of Izmir province in the 2023-2024 academic year. For the quantitative data of the study, the results were analyzed with the survey data collected from a sample group of 893 teachers. The data obtained from the "Organizational Democracy Scale" and "Organizational Alienation Scale" used in the research were analyzed with the SPSS 26.0 package program. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability analyzes were conducted for the "Organizational Alienation Scale" developed by the researcher. For demographic variables, T test, ANOVA tests and Tukey HSD, one of the post-hoc tests, were used. Cronbach Alpha analysis was performed to determine the reliability values of the scales and their sub-dimensions. Pearson Correlation analysis was applied to test the relationship between the scales. Regression analysis was conducted with the scale and sub-dimensions that were significant in the correlation analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that teachers' perceptions of organizational democracy were above the medium level. It was determined that teachers' perceptions of organizational democracy were highest in the transparency sub-dimension and least in the justice sub-dimension. In terms of demographic variables, there were no significant differences in teachers' perceptions of organizational democracy according to gender, age and seniority. However, compared to married teachers, single teachers; compared to teachers with a bachelor's degree and associate's degree, teachers with a master's degree and doctorate; compared to teachers working in other types of schools, primary school teachers; it was concluded that their perception of organizational democracy was higher. It was observed that teachers' perceptions of organizational alienation were slightly below the medium level. It was concluded that teachers were most alienated from the profession and least alienated from themselves. In terms of organizational alienation, significant differences were found in other demographic variables except teachers' ages. In terms of gender variable, it has been determined that male teachers are more alienated than female teachers, in terms of age variable, teachers in the 20-30 age group are more alienated than other age group teachers, and those whose marital status is single are more alienated than married teachers. It has been observed that teachers with master's and doctorate degrees experience more meaninglessness, secondary school teachers are more alienated than primary school teachers, teachers with 30 years or more of experience show irregularity, and social and class group teachers are more alienated. According to the results of the correlation analysis examining the relationship between the scores obtained from the organizational democracy and organizational alienation scales and their sub-dimensions; negative and statistically significant relationships were found between organizational alienation and organizational democracy. According to the results of the regression analysis, it was concluded that the participation, transparency, justice, equality and accountability sub-dimensions of organizational democracy in schools are important predictors of organizational alienation. For the qualitative data of the research, 27 teachers were interviewed, and the data obtained was subjected to descriptive and content analysis with the NVIVO program. According to teachers' opinions, it was stated that in the context of organizational democracy, the most problems experienced in schools were in the dimensions of participation, justice and equality. In the context of organizational alienation, teachers stated that they felt powerless the most and that they experienced meaninglessness and alienation from the profession over time. As a result of the research findings, solution suggestions were presented to strengthen organizational democracy in schools and prevent organizational alienation. In order to adopt the understanding of organizational democracy in schools, teachers should be involved in management processes and therefore in decision-making processes; managers act fairly, equally and transparently; Suggestions for teachers to participate more in organizational processes are presented. In order for teachers not to experience organizational alienation in their schools, suggestions were made such as carrying out studies on MOE (Ministry of Education) policies regarding the reputation of the teaching profession and creating a democratic school culture
New records of rarely reported species in the Mediterranean Sea (March 2025)
No full textThis collective study presents information on fifteen (15) species recorded across five countries (Greece, Italy, Slovenia, Spain, and Türkiye) and four (4) ecoregions, ranging from the Alboran Sea to the Aegean Sea. The recorded species belong to three phyla: Mollusca (3 species), Arthropoda (3 species), and Chordata (9 species). Among mollusks, Martadoris mediterranea is reported for the first time in the Aegean Sea at two different locations, while Opisthoteuthis calypso and Octopoteuthis sicula are newly recorded in the western Mediterranean. Regarding arthropods, Ocypode cursor is reported from the Tyrrhenian coast of Sicily, Pachygrapsus transversus is recorded for the first time in the Tyrrhenian Sea, and Cancer pagurus in the Sea of Marmara. Among chordates, Lobotes surinamensis and Zu cristatus are newly recorded in the Alboran Sea, while Callionymus fasciatus and Symphodus doderleini are reported from Slovenian coastal waters. Tripterygion delaisi and Gymnothorax unicolor are documented for the first time in the waters of the Sea of Marmara and Crete, respectively. Additionally, new records of rarely reported fish species include Arctozenus risso, Chromogobius zebratus, and Epinephelus aeneus in Turkish, Spanish, and Italian waters, respectively. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Doğum öncesi erken membran rüptürü (PPROM) ile komplike gebeliklerde tahmini fetal ağırlığın doğruluğunun değerlendirilmesi
No full textAim: Premature prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) can affect ultrasound measurements of the fetus and therefore, estimated fetal weight (EFW) as there is a reduced amount of amniotic fluid. The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of EFW calculated with the Hadlock IV method in pregnancies complicated by PPROM by comparisons with birthweight. Materials and Methods: A retrospective screening was made of the data of patients admitted with a diagnosis of early membrane rupture to Kayseri Training and Research Hospital between May 2018 and June 2020. Singleton pregnancies between 23+0-36+6 weeks with estimated fetal weight (EFW) measured by ultrasonography within 2 weeks before delivery was included in the study. The accuracy of the EFW was determined by the absolute percent difference between BW and EFW (abs[EFW-BWW]/BW100). Results: A total of 137 patients were included in the study according to the sample size analysis. The mean difference between birthweight and EFW was 7,04% (0,04-44,5). The difference (min-max) between EFW and BW was 10,93% (0,11-34,6) when BMI was ?30 kg/m2 and 9,61% (0,79-34,6) in the presence of anhydramnios. And these were statistically significant, p=0,001 and p=0,007 respectively. However, the results for oligohydramnios, primiparity and breech presentation were not statistically significant (p>0,05). Conclusion: In patients with PPROM, EFW measured by the Hadlock IV method can be estimated with a margin of error of 7,04%. This difference increases in obese women and anhydramnios and prediction becomes difficult.Amaç: Doğum öncesi erken membran rüptürü (PPROM), fetüsün ultrason ölçümlerini ve dolayısıyla amniyotik sıvı miktarında azalma nedeniyle tahmini fetal ağırlığı (EFW) etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı PPROM ile komplike olan gebeliklerde Hadlock IV yöntemi ile hesaplanan EFW'nin doğruluğunu doğum ağırlığı ile karşılaştırarak test etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mayıs 2018- Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında Kayseri Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'ne erken membran rüptürü tanısıyla başvuran hastaların verilerinin retrospektif taraması yapıldı. 23+0-36+6 hafta arası tekil gebelikler ile tahmini fetal ağırlık (EFW) doğumdan önceki 2 hafta içinde ultrasonografi ile ölçülenler çalışmaya dahil edildi. EFW'nin doğruluğu, doğum ağırlığı (BW) ile EFW (abs[EFW-BWW]/BW100) arasındaki mutlak yüzde farkla belirlendi. Bulgular: Örneklem büyüklüğü analizine göre toplam 137 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Doğum ağırlığı ile EFW arasındaki ortalama fark %7,04 (0,04-44,5) idi. EFW ve BW arasındaki fark (min-maks) BMI ?30 kg/m2 olduğunda %10,93 (0,11-34,6), anhidramnios varlığında %9,61 (0,79-34,6) idi. Bunlar istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı; sırasıyla p=0,001 ve p=0,007. Ancak oligohidramniyoz, primiparite ve makat prezentasyon sonuçları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p>0,05). Sonuç: PPROM'lu hastalarda, Hadlock IV yöntemiyle ölçülen EFW, %7,04’lük bir hata payı ile tahmin edilebilmektedir. Obez kadınlarda ve anhidroamniyozda bu fark artmakta ve tahmin zorlaşmaktadır