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Bazı bitki büyümesini teşvik eden rizobakterilerin (PGPR) buğday ve mısır tohumlarının gelişimi üzerindeki sinerjik etkisinin in vitro koşullarda belirlenmesi
No full textYapılan bu çalışmada yerel kaynaklardan izole edilmiş, PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) özellikleri belirlenmiş 9 Bacillus suşunun buğday, 5 Bacillus, 1 Pseudomonas ve 1 Stenotrophomonas suşunun ise mısır tohumlarının gelişimi üzerindeki sinerjik etkileri incelenmiştir. Bakteri suşlarının her birinden hazırlanan biyoinokülantların (108 kob/ml) tek tek suşlar ve eşit hacimlerde karıştırılmasıyla oluşturulan ikili ve üçlü suş kombinasyonlar şeklinde steril buğday tohumları ile muamele edilip saksılara yerleştirilmiştir. Steril mısır tohumları ise saksılara yerleştirildikten sonra biyoinokülantların tek tek suşlar ve eşit hacimlerde karıştırılmış ikili, üçlü ve dörtlü suş kombinasyonlar şeklinde inoküle edilmiştir. Denemeler üçer tekrarlı olacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Kontrollü koşullar altında buğday ve mısır tohumlarının gelişim denemeleri sırasıyla 30 ve 45 gün boyunca devam edilmiştir. Tohumların gelişimi gövde uzunluğu, gövde yaş, gövde kuru, kök yaş ve kök kuru ağırlıkları açısından kontrol grubu ile istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldığında buğday için (B. subtilis B.3.P.5 + B. subtilis 1.19 + B. subtilis 36.5) ve (B. subtilis B.3.P.5 + B. subtilis 36.5 + B. simplex B.1.2.k), mısır için ise (B. subtilis 1.19 + B. simplex B.1.2.k + B. megaterium 42.3) ve (B. megaterium 42.3 + B. subtilis 36.5 + S. rhizophila 118.1 + P. chlororaphis P-102-b-a) kombinasyonlarının yüksek sinerjik etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir
On SR-fuzzy Sheffer stroke Hilbert algebras
No full textIt is known that there are some extensions of fuzzy sets that can be used to solve various real-life problems. In this paper, we propose a novel extension of a fuzzy subalgebras, fuzzy ideals, and fuzzy filters. We define SR-fuzzy subalgebras, SR-fuzzy ideals and SR-fuzzy filters on Sheffer stroke Hilbert algebras. Moreover, we provide some examples to illustrate these definitions
Endovascular Occlusion of Intracranial Pial Arteriovenous Fistula: Technical Aspects
No full textAIM: To evaluate pial arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), focusing on the radio-anatomic architecture and contemporary endovascular devices and techniques. MATERIAL and METHODS: Sixteen patients with congenital pial AVFs who underwent endovascular treatment between 2002 and 2023 at a single institution were included in this review. This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. The study was descriptive and involved no statistical comparisons. RESULTS: The study included 16 patients (6 female patients, 10 male patients) with a mean age of 19.93 +/- 21.1 years (range: 1-63 years). Nine (56.25%) were pediatric patients, six (37.5%) of whom were younger than 5 years. Five patients (31.25%) had more than one feeding artery, whereas 11 (68.75%) had a single feeding artery. One patient had two separate fistulas. All fistulas were successfully occluded without complications. Four patients (25%) were treated with glue alone, four (25%) with coils alone, five (31.25%) with a non-adhesive liquid agent alone, and three (18.75%) with a combination of coils and a non-adhesive liquid agent. Venous sinus thrombosis occurred in two patients (12.5%) in the early postoperative period; both cases resolved without permanent deficits. CONCLUSION: Pial AVF is a rare intracranial vascular malformation. Endovascular treatment using liquid embolic agents, coils, or a combination of these techniques is effective
Covıd-19 Sonrası Havacılık Sektöründe Toparlanma Süreci: Türkiye’deki Havacılık İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
No full textThis study aims to comprehensively examine the recovery processes of aviation companies operating in Turkey after the COVID-19 pandemic, which created an unprecedented crisis environment in the global aviation industry and left the sector facing deep operational and financial challenges. To this end, the study focuses on aviation companies traded on the Borsa Istanbul Transportation Index and evaluates their performance for the years 2022, 2023 and 2024 based on key financial ratios. In the evaluation process, the weights of the financial indicators were determined using the Entropy method, which is an objective method, and then the performance of the companies in the recovery process was comparatively analyzed according to these weights using the WASPAS method. The results of the analysis showed that Çelebi Hava Hizmetleri A.Ş. consistently showed the highest performance in all periods analyzed, while Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı A.Ş. and Turkish Airlines A.O. showed periodic differences in their rankings throughout the years analyzed.Bu çalışma, küresel havacılık sektöründe benzeri görülmemiş bir kriz ortamı yaratan ve sektörü derin operasyonel ve finansal zorluklarla karşı karşıya bırakan COVID-19 pandemisinin ardından Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren havacılık şirketlerinin toparlanma süreçlerini kapsamlı biçimde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma kapsamında Borsa İstanbul Ulaştırma Endeksi bünyesinde işlem gören havacılık işletmeleri ele alınarak bu işletmelerin 2022, 2023 ve 2024 yıllarına ait performansları temel finansal oranlar üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sürecinde finansal göstergelere ilişkin ağırlıklar nesnel bir yöntem olan Entropy yöntemi ile belirlenmiş; ardından elde edilen bu ağırlıklar doğrultusunda işletmelerin toparlanma sürecindeki performansları WASPAS yöntemi aracılığıyla karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz bulguları, Çelebi Hava Hizmetleri A.Ş.'nin incelenen tüm dönemlerde istikrarlı bir şekilde en yüksek performansı gösterdiğini, Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı A.Ş. ve Türk Hava Yolları A.O.'nun ise incelenen yıllar boyunca kendi sıralamalarında dönemsel farklılıklar sergilediğini ortaya koymuştur
The Novel “Hot Dog” Technique for Reconstruction of Incudostapedial Discontinuity: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textObjectives: Chronic otitis media can cause ossicular chain discontinuity (OCD), especially erosion of long process of incus. This study introduces a novel “Hot Dog” technique for OCD reconstruction that combines glass ionomer cement (GIC) with autogenous cartilage dust and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to address these limitations. The aim is to evaluate the auditory and anatomical outcomes of the “Hot Dog” technique compared to GIC alone, and to describe the “Hot Dog” reconstruction method in detail. Methods: This prospective, randomized controlled trial compared the “Hot Dog” technique to GIC alone for incudostapedial rebridging. Thirty-eight adult patients were included and randomized (18 patients in both study and control groups). Preoperative and postoperative pure-tone audiometry were performed. Air-bone gap (ABG) and ABG gain were measured at least 12?months postoperatively. Postoperative complications were assessed. Results: Both groups achieved significant postoperative ABG closure (mean gain: 22.8?dB in “Hot Dog” vs 19?dB in GIC), with no statistically significant difference. A success rate of 100% (postoperative ABG???20?dB) was observed in both groups at a minimum 12-month follow-up. No complications were observed in the “Hot Dog” group, while 1 patient in the GIC group developed a postoperative tympanic membrane perforation. Conclusion: The “Hot Dog” technique demonstrated promise for incudostapedial rebridging, achieving significant hearing improvement and a favorable complication profile compared to GIC alone. While a trend toward better hearing was observed, larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings and definitively compare its efficacy to established techniques. Level of Evidence: Level 1b. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Vardiyalı çalışma sisteminin kömür madeni işçilerinin beslenme durumu, stres algısı ve uyku kalitesine etkisi
No full textBu araştırma, vardiyalı çalışma sisteminin bireylerin sirkadiyen ritimleri, uyku kalitesi, yaşam kalitesi, antropometrik ölçümleri, beslenme durumu ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ocak 2024- Ağustos 2024 tarihleri arasında, Manisa Polyak Eynez Maden İşletmelerinde üç vardiyalı sistemde (08:00-16:00, 16:00-00:00, 00:00-08:00) dönüşümlü olarak çalışan 50 erkek madenci üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada veriler yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Uyku kalitesinin değerlendirilmesinde Pittsburgh Uyku Kalite İndeksi (PUKİ) kullanılırken algılanan stres düzeyinin değerlendirilmesinde ise Algılanan Stres Ölçeği-14 (ASÖ-14) kullanılmıştır. Madencilerin farklı vardiyadaki beslenme ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için her bir vardiya tipinde 3 günlük besin tüketimlerini ve 1 günlük fiziksel aktivitelerini kaydetmeleri istenmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS 25.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) paket programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Madencilerin beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) ortalamalarının 28,3±4,15 kg/m2 olduğu belirlenirken %46,0'ının hafif şişman, %34,0'ının ise obez olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bel çevresine göre yapılan değerlendirmede katılımcıların %70,0'ının riskli/yüksek riskli grubunda yer aldığı, bel/boy oranına göre yapılan değerlendirmede ise %88,0'ının riskli/tedavi gerektirir grubunda yer aldığı görülmüştür. Gündüz vardiyasında diyetle enerji alımının (2585,4±266,38 kkal/gün), akşam vardiyasında (2475,6±297,41 kkal/gün) ve gece vardiyasındaki (2289,3±372,48 kkal/gün) enerji alımından anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur (p=0,004). Vardiyaların tümünde katılımcıların diyetle karbonhidrat ve protein alımlarının referans düzeylerde olduğu görülürken yağ ve doymuş yağ alımlarının referans değerlerin üzerinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların tamamında sodyum alımı referans değerlerin üzerindeyken, C vitamini, kalsiyum, magnezyum ve potasyum alımının düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Madencilerin PUKİ puanı 6,76±3,58 puan olarak bulunurken, %66.0'ının kötü uyku kalitesine sahip olduğu, iyi uyku kalitesine sahip olanların oranının ise %34.0 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kötü uyku kalitesine sahip bireylerin ASÖ- 14 puanının (25,3±6,27) iyi uyku kalitesine sahip bireylerin puanından (21,1±7,59) anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır (p=0,043). Bireylerin ASÖ-14 puanı tertillere ayrılarak yapılan değerlendirmede düşük stres seviyesine sahip bireylerin (T1) %52,9'u vardiyalı çalışmanın beslenme durumlarını olumsuz etkilediğini belirtirken, T2'de bu oran %100, T3'de ise %81,3 olarak bulunmuştur (p=0,004). Bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin tüm vardiyalarda çok ağır düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları madencilerin çalışma koşullarından kaynaklı sağlık risklerine ilaveten vardiyalı çalışmanın ilave riskler getirdiği belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin uyku kalitelerini iyileştirmeleri ve beslenme alışkanlıklarını düzenlemeye yönelik eğitim verilmesi ve psikolojik destek sağlanması yararlı olacaktır.This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of shift work on individuals' circadian rhythms, sleep quality, quality of life, anthropometric measurements, nutritional status, and physical activity levels. The research was carried out between January 2024 and August 2024 on 50 male miners working in a three-shift system (08:00-16:00, 16:00-00:00, 00:00-08:00) at Manisa Polyak Eynez Mining Enterprises. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality, while the Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14) was used to evaluate perceived stress levels. To determine the miners' dietary and physical activity levels in different shifts, they were asked to record their food consumption for three days and their physical activities for one day in each shift type. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 25.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software. The average body mass index (BMI) of the miners was found to be 28,3±4,15 kg/m², with 46,0% classified as overweight and 34,0% as obese. According to waist circumference assessments, 70,0% of the participants were in the at-risk/high-risk group, while waist-to-height ratio evaluations indicated that 88,0% were in the at-risk/treatment-required group. Daily energy intake during the day shift (2585,4±266,38 kcal/day) was significantly higher than in the evening shift (2475,6±297,41 kcal/day) and night shift (2289,3±372,48 kcal/day) (p=0,004). While carbohydrate and protein intake levels were within reference ranges in all shifts, fat and saturated fat intake exceeded recommended levels. Sodium intake was above reference values for all participants, whereas vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and potassium intake levels were found to be low. The miners' PSQI score was 6,76±3,58, with 66,0% having poor sleep quality and 34% having good sleep quality. The PSS-14 score of individuals with poor sleep quality (25,3±6,27) was significantly higher than that of individuals with good sleep quality (21,1±7,59) (p=0,043). When PSS-14 scores were divided into tertiles, 52,9% of individuals in the low-stress group (T1) stated that shift work negatively affected their nutritional status, while this rate was 100% in T2 and 81,3% in T3 (p=0,004). vi Physical activity levels were found to be very active in all shifts. The results of the study indicate that, in addition to the health risks associated with mining work conditions, shift work introduces additional risks. Providing education to improve individuals' sleep quality and regulate their dietary habits, as well as offering psychological support, would be beneficial
Duş banyosunun prematüre babeklerde fizyolojik parametreler ve stres düzeyine etkisinin incelenmesi
No full textAmaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, prematüre bebeklerde duş şeklinde verilen banyonun fizyolojik parametreler ve stres düzeyine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Metod: Çalışma öntest-sontest yarı deneysel bir çalışma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma, Aralık 2024- Mayıs 2025 tarihleri arasında Tınaztepe Üniversitesi Özel Galen Hastanesi Yeni Doğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Aralık 2024-Mayıs 2025 tarihleri arasında Tınaztepe Üniversitesi Özel Galen Hastanesi Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde yatan 32-37 haftalık prematüre yenidoğan bebekler, örneklemini ise örneklem kriterlerine uyan 32-37 haftalık 35 prematüre bebek oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında, yenidoğanın tanıtıcı bilgilerini içeren Tanımlayıcı Özellikler Veri Toplama Formu, Prematüre Bebeklerin Fizyolojik Ölçüm Sonuçlarını Değerlendirme Formu ve ALPS-Neo Yenidoğanın Ağrı ve Stresini Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, bebeklere duş şeklinde banyo yaptırılmış olup banyo öncesi, banyo sonunda ve banyodan 10 dakika sonra fizyolojik parametreler ve stres düzeyi değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler SPSS Statistics 22 paket programında, Mann Whitney U testi ve Kruskal Wallis H testi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Bebeklerin tanımlayıcı özellikleri incelendiğinde örneklemin %48,6 kız, %51,4 erkekten oluştuğu ve tümünün oral beslenme aldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca doğum haftası ortalama 31,97±4,09; postnatal yaş ortalama 36,22±0,81; doğum ağırlığı ortalama 1791,14±770,87; baş çevresi ortalama 28,68±3,99; boy uzunluğu ortalama 40,48± cm'dir. APGAR skoru ortalaması birinci dakikada 5,62±11,79; beşinci dakikada 6,85±1,39 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ortalama vücut ısısı banyodan hemen sonra düşmüş ve banyodan 10 dakika sonra anlamlı düzeyde yükselmiştir. Kalp atım hızı banyo öncesine göre banyodan hemen sonra artmış, banyodan 10 dakika sonra ise anlamlı şekilde düşmüştür. Satürasyon değerleri de banyo öncesine göre banyodan hemen sonra artmış, banyodan 10 dakika sonra ise anlamlı düzeyde daha da artmıştır. Sistolik kan basıncı banyo öncesine göre banyodan hemen sonra yükselmiş, banyodan 10 dakika sonra ise tekrar düşmüş ve banyo sıraları arasındaki fark anlamlı bulunmuştur. Diyastolik kan basıncı ise banyo öncesine göre banyodan hemen sonra yükselmiş, banyodan 10 dakika sonra ise tekrar düşmüş ve bu değişiklik de istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Banyodan sonraki ALPS-Neo ağrı ve stres puanı ortalama 2,62±0,80 şeklinde orta düzeyde bulunurken, banyodan sonra ise 1,51 olarak ağrı ve stres müdahalesine gerek kalmadığı ölçülmüş ve bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Bebeklerin doğum haftası banyodan 10 dakika sonra ölçülen satürasyon üzerinde etkili olduğu, doğum kilosunun ise banyo öncesinde diyastolik kan basıncı üzerinde; banyodan 10 dakika sonra satürasyon üzerinde etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Banyo uygulaması, bebeklerin fizyolojik parametrelerinde anlamlı bir iyileşmeye, genel ağrı ve stres düzeylerinde anlamlı bir azalmaya neden olmaktadır.Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of shower baths on physiological parameters and stress levels in premature babies. Methods: The study was designed as a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. The research was conducted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Tınaztepe University Private Galen Hospital between December 2024 and May 2025. The research population consisted of premature newborn babies aged 32-37 weeks hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Tınaztepe University Private Galen Hospital between December 2024 and May 2025, and the sample consisted of 35 premature babies aged 32-37 weeks who met the sampling criteria. The Descriptive Characteristics Data Collection Form, which includes introductory information about the newborns, the Premature Infants' Physiological Measurement Results Evaluation Form, and the ALPS-Neo Neonatal Pain and Stress Assessment Scale were used to collect data. In the study, the babies were given a shower bath, and physiological parameters and stress levels were assessed before, after, and 10 minutes after the bath. Data were evaluated using the SPSS Statistics 22 package program, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis H test. Results: When the descriptive characteristics of the infants were examined, it was determined that the sample consisted of 48.6% girls and 51.4% boys, and all were receiving oral feeding. In addition, the mean gestational age was 31.97±4.09; the mean postnatal age was 36.22±0.81; the mean birth weight was 1791.14±770.87; the mean head circumference was 28.68±3.99; and the mean height was 40.48± cm. The mean APGAR score was 5.62±11.79 at the first minute and 6.85±1.39 at the fifth minute. The mean body temperature decreased immediately after the bath and increased significantly 10 minutes after the bath. Heart rate increased immediately after the bath compared to before the bath and decreased significantly 10 minutes after the bath. Saturation values also increased immediately after the bath compared to before the bath and increased significantly further 10 minutes after the bath. Systolic blood pressure increased immediately after the bath compared to before, but decreased again 10 minutes after, and the difference between bathing orders was found to be significant. Diastolic blood pressure increased immediately after the bath compared to before, but decreased again 10 minutes after, and this change was also statistically significant. The mean ALPS-Neo pain and stress score after the bath was found to be moderate at 2.62±0.80, while the mean ALPS-Neo pain and stress score after the bath was found to be 1.51, indicating no need for pain and stress intervention, and this difference was found to be statistically significant. The babies' gestational age was found to influence saturation measured 10 minutes after the bath, and birth weight was found to influence diastolic blood pressure before the bath and saturation 10 minutes after the bath. Conclusion: Bathing causes a significant improvement in the physiological parameters of babies and a significant decrease in their general pain and stress levels
Smart Thermoresponsive Sol-Gel Formulation of Polyhexanide for Rapid and Painless Burn and Wound Management
No full textTraditional wound and burn treatments often fall short in balancing antimicrobial efficacy, patient comfort, and ease of application. This study introduces a novel, transparent, thermoresponsive sol-gel formulation incorporating polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) for advanced topical therapy. Utilizing Poloxamer 407 as a biocompatible carrier, the formulation remains a sprayable liquid at room temperature and instantly gels upon contact with body temperature, enabling painless, pressure-free application on sensitive, injured skin. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations confirmed the formulation's broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy (>= 5 log(10) reduction in 30 s), high biocompatibility (viability > 70% in fibroblasts), non-irritancy (OECD 425-compliant), and physical stability across three months. Importantly, the formulation maintained fibroblast migration capacity-crucial for wound regeneration-while exhibiting rapid sol-to-gel transition at similar to 34 degrees C. These findings highlight the system's potential as a next-generation wound dressing with enhanced user compliance, transparent monitoring capability, and rapid healing support, particularly in disaster or emergency scenarios
Evaluation of a seed drill for barley and vetch sowing as a function of varying seeding ratios
No full textObjectives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a seed drill for seeding barley and vetch mixtures having different ratios and to determine their impact on plant emergence, yield and feed quality of component crops. Methods. The laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the performance of the seeder using pure barley, common vetch, and their mixtures in ratios, namely 100:0, 0:100, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75. The seed flow and distribution uniformity across the rows were determined within laboratory conditions, while other response variables were assessed in the field conditions. Results. The coefficient of variation values of flow evenness for barley and vetch were found to be 1.0–5.5% and 0.3–2.1%, respectively. Seed distribution uniformity of each row unit were also determined ranging from 4.2% to 10.7% and from 0.4% to 1.4% for barley and vetch, respectively. The goodness criteria values ranged between 66.4%–86.0% for the laboratory tests while the corresponding values had a range of 78%–86% for field samples. Based on the findings in this work, the overall ranges of variation factor values were 0.43–1.28 and 0.36–0.77 for laboratory and field evaluations, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum yield was 42,620 kg ha?1, whereas the minimum dry material ratio was 16.93% recorded for pure barley crop. Conclusions. It appears that the results in this work demonstrated that the seed drill could have a great potential to be used effectively for the seeding of barley as well as vetch mixtures as a function of various ratios to enhance the overall yield of the crop. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Clinical Failure of General-Purpose AI in Photographic Scoliosis Assessment: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study
No full textBackground and Objectives: General-purpose multimodal large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for medical image interpretation despite lacking clinical validation. This study evaluates the diagnostic reliability of ChatGPT-4o and Claude 2 in photographic assessment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) against radiological standards. This study examines two critical questions: whether families can derive reliable preliminary assessments from LLMs through analysis of clinical photographs and whether LLMs exhibit cognitive fidelity in their visuospatial reasoning capabilities for AIS assessment. Materials and Methods: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study (STARD-compliant) analyzed 97 adolescents (74 with AIS and 23 with postural asymmetry). Standardized clinical photographs (nine views/patient) were assessed by two LLMs and two orthopedic residents against reference radiological measurements. Primary outcomes included diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity/specificity), Cobb angle concordance (Lin’s CCC), inter-rater reliability (Cohen’s ?), and measurement agreement (Bland–Altman LoA). Results: The LLMs exhibited hazardous diagnostic inaccuracy: ChatGPT misclassified all non-AIS cases (specificity 0% [95% CI: 0.0–14.8]), while Claude 2 generated 78.3% false positives. Systematic measurement errors exceeded clinical tolerance: ChatGPT overestimated thoracic curves by +10.74° (LoA: ?21.45° to +42.92°), exceeding tolerance by >800%. Both LLMs showed inverse biomechanical concordance in thoracolumbar curves (CCC ? ?0.106). Inter-rater reliability fell below random chance (ChatGPT ? = ?0.039). Universal proportional bias (slopes ? ?1.0) caused severe curve underestimation (e.g., 10–15° error for 50° deformities). Human evaluators demonstrated superior bias control (0.3–2.8° vs. 2.6–10.7°) but suboptimal specificity (21.7–26.1%) and hazardous lumbar concordance (CCC: ?0.123). Conclusions: General-purpose LLMs demonstrate clinically unacceptable inaccuracy in photographic AIS assessment, contraindicating clinical deployment. Catastrophic false positives, systematic measurement errors exceeding tolerance by 480–1074%, and inverse diagnostic concordance necessitate urgent regulatory safeguards under frameworks like the EU AI Act. Neither LLMs nor photographic human assessment achieve reliability thresholds for standalone screening, mandating domain-specific algorithm development and integration of 3D modalities. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved