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Mushroom Intoxication in Türkiye: A Nationwide Cohort Study Based on Demographic Trends, Seasonal Variations, and the Impact of Climate Change on Incidence
No full textBackground/Aims: Mushroom intoxication poses a considerable public health risk due to its potential for severe toxicity and fatality. This study aims to investigate demographic trends, diagnostic locations, and mortality rates of patients with mushroom intoxication. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the National Electronic Database of the Turkish Ministry of Health. The study focused on patients without chronic liver disease or prior liver transplantation presenting with mushroom intoxication between 2018 and 2023. Demographic information, diagnostic locations, and mortality rates were analyzed, considering a six-year period to ensure even seasonal distribution. Results: Among 30 459 individuals admitted with mushroom intoxication, 44.75% were male, with a mean age of 45.84 years. The Black Sea, Marmara, and Central Anatolia regions had the highest number of cases, with specific cities like Tokat, Bolu, Yozgat, and Kastamonu having the highest rates per 100,000 population in 2022. Mushroom intoxication predominantly occurred in May, June, October, and November. Hospitalization occurred in 8.9% of cases, with a 6.6% mortality rate within 90 days and 1.3% progressing to liver transplantation. Notably, mushroom intoxication cases increased by 130% in the first half of 2023, particularly in May and June, correlating with increased rainfall. Conclusion: Mushroom intoxication is a serious public health issue, with morbidity and mortality influenced by climate factors. The study highlights a significant increase in cases in the first half of 2023, potentially linked to heightened rainfall and climate change. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Physical and thermal properties of Bursa L6 chondrite: a combination of density, porosity, specific heat, water content, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity results
No full textThis study presents the first integrated analysis of the Bursa L6 chondrite's thermophysical properties using 3D laser scanning, pycnometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The meteorite exhibits a bulk density of 3.476 g/cm3, a grain density of 3.69 g/cm3, and porosity of 5.80%. DSC revealed the presence of troilite (FeS) with alpha/beta\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document} and beta/gamma\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document} phase transition shifts across different regions, indicating a temperature gradient during atmospheric entry, with a calculated troilite content of 4.59 wt.%. Specific heat capacity was found to be 740 +/- 33 Jkg-1K-1 at room temperature, while volumetric heat capacity ranged from 1.90 +/- 0.11 MJ/(m3K) at 200 K and 2.57 1.90 +/- 0.11 MJ/(m3K) at 300 K. The atom-molar heat capacity increased from 12.64 J/(molK) to 17.41 J/(molK) across the same temperature range. Thermal diffusivity was estimated to be 1.25 +/- 0.36 & sdot;10-6 m2s-1 in air and 0.71 +/- 0.03 & sdot;10-6 m2s-1 in a vacuum. Thermal conductivity is 2.6 +/- 0.6 Wm-1K-1 in air and 1.8 +/- 0.2 Wm-1K-1 in vacuum at 300 K for both. Thermal inertia predicted for vacuum is equal to 1.84 +/- 0.14 & sdot; 103 Js-1/2K-1m-2 at 200 K, and 2.15 +/- 0.18 & sdot; 103 Js-1/2K-1m-2 at 300 K. A minimal mass loss of 0.62% up to 1200 degrees C, with water and hydrogen contents of 0.32 and 0.032%, respectively, suggests low volatile content. These results provide key insights into heat transfer behavior and the parent body evolution of the Bursa meteorite.Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit; [17-FEN-050]; [20711]This work was supported by Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project Number: 17-FEN-050 and FGA-2019-20711. O.U. thanks to Prof. Dr. Mehmet Emin Ozel for the Bursa meteorite sample
Patojen mikroorganizmanın hassas ve erken tanısına yönelik bakteriofaj modifiye biyosensör tasarımı ve uygulaması
Get PDFAntibiyotik dirençli bakteriyel enfeksiyonların giderek artan yaygınlığı, hızlı, güvenilir ve düşük maliyetli teşhis yöntemlerine duyulan acil ihtiyacı açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Bakterileri spesifik olarak enfekte eden virüsler olan bakteriyofajlar (fajlar), yeni biyosensör teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesi için umut verici bir alternatif sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, patojenik bakterilerin hızlı ve etkili bir şekilde tespiti amacıyla bakteriyofaj tabanlı bir biyosensörün bakteriyofajların konakçısına özgüllüğünden faydalanılarak tasarımını ve geliştirilmesini kapsamaktadır. Önerilen biyosensör, sinyal iletimini geliştirmek ve tespit sınırlarını iyileştirmek için nanomalzemeleri kullanımını ve yüksek doğrulukla gerçek zamanlı örnek izleme ve tanıma özelliklerini içermektedir. Bu yaklaşım, klinik, çevresel ve endüstriyel ortamlarda uygulanabilen taşınabilir, düşük maliyetli teşhis cihazlarının geliştirilmesinin önünü açmaktadır. Bakteriyofaj biyosensörünün bakteriyel enfeksiyonların erken tespiti için önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu ve böylece daha hızlı teşhis ve daha etkili tedavi stratejilerine katkıda bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Karbon nanotup (MWCNT) bakteriyofaj tabanlı elektrokemilüminesans (ECL) biyosensörünün geliştirilmesi sırasında, bakteriyofajlar çapraz bağlayıcı ajanlar olarak EDC/NHS [1-etil-3-(3-dimetilaminopropil)] karbodiimid hidroklorür (EDC) ve N-hidroksisüksinimid (NHS) kullanılarak serigrafi baskılı elektrotların (SPE) yüzeyine kovalent olarak bağlanmıştır. Bunu takiben, bakteriyofajlar elektrot yüzeyinde hareketsiz hale getirilerek modifikasyon süreci tamamlanmıştır. Biyosensör, yapay idrar ve tampon çözelti örnekleri içerisindeki hedef bakterilerin tespit yoluyla test edilmiştir. Elektrot yüzeyini optimize etmek ve karakterize etmek için ECL, elektrokimyasal empedans spektroskopisi (EIS) ve döngüsel voltametri (CV) ölçümleri yapıldı. Tespit sınırı (LOD) belirlendi ve doğrusal çalışma aralığı için yüksek bir korelasyon katsayısı (R² = 0,9981) belirlendi. ECL ve EIS sonuçları karşılaştırılarak ayrıntılı doğrulama ve optimizasyon başarıyla gerçekleştirildi. İncelendiğinde modifiye elektrot sisteminin LoD değeri 0.755 CFU /mL(3.3 x sdv), LoQ değeri 2.28 CFU/mL (10 x sdv) ve lineer çalışma aralığı 2.28 ve 10 CFU/ml olduğu hesaplanmiştir. Elde edilen bu analitik veriler MWCNT/M-PAP1/SPE sisteminin oldukça düşük bir LoD değerine sahip olduğu ve geniş bir doğrusal çalışma aralığına sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bakteriyofaj tabanlı biyosensörler bakteriyel enfeksiyonların erken ve doğru tespitinde umut vaadeden bir çözüm sunmaktadır. Gelişmiş nanomalzemelerle entegre edilen bakteriyofaj tabanlı yenilikçi ve çok yönlü bir yaklaşım, klinik teşhis, çevresel izleme ve gıda güvenliği gibi alanlarda geniş bir uygulama potansiyeline sahiptir.The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections highlights the urgent need for rapid, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic methods. Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that specifically infect bacteria, offer a promising alternative for the development of novel biosensor technologies. As part of this study, a bacteriophage-based biosensor is being designed and built. This biosensor will use the host specificity of bacteriophages to quickly and accurately find pathogenic bacteria. The proposed biosensor employs nanomaterials to enhance signal transduction and improve detection limits, enabling real-time monitoring with high accuracy. This approach paves the way for the development of portable, low-cost diagnostic devices applicable in clinical, environmental, and industrial settings. The bacteriophage biosensor demonstrates significant potential for the early detection of bacterial infections, thereby contributing to faster diagnosis and more effective treatment strategies. During the development of the carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based bacteriophage electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor, bacteriophages were covalently immobilized onto the surface of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) using EDC/NHS [1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)] carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as cross-linking agents. Subsequently, the bacteriophages were immobilized on the electrode surface to complete the modification process. The biosensor was tested by detecting target bacteria in artificial urine and buffer solution samples. ECL, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were performed to optimize and characterize the electrode surface. The limit of detection (LoD) was determined, and a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.9981) was obtained for the linear working range. Detailed validation and optimization were successfully achieved by comparing ECL and EIS results. Upon evaluation, the modified electrode system exhibited an LoD of 0.755 CFU/mL (3.3 × SD), a limit of quantification (LoQ) of 2.28 CFU/mL (10 × SD), and a linear working range between 2.28 and 10 CFU/mL. These analytical findings demonstrate that the MWCNT/M-PAP1/SPE system has a remarkably low LoD and a broad linear working range. Bacteriophage-based biosensors provide a promising solution for the early and accurate detection of bacterial infections, facilitating timely intervention. The integration of bacteriophage-based innovative and versatile approaches with advanced nanomaterials holds great potential for diverse applications in clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety
Aberrant DNA Methylation of FTH-1 and SHOX2 Contributes to Lung Cancer Progression
No full textBackground: Lung cancer is the most lethal malignancy in the world due to its poor prognosis. DNA methylation change has been identified as a valuable target for cancer, diagnosis, and prognosis. Ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH-1) and SHOX homeobox 2 (SHOX2) DNA methylation were investigated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as novel epigenetic biomarkers. Method: In this case-control study, we initially evaluated the diagnostic value of FTH-1 and SHOX2 DNA methylation, and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data on the methylation profile of NSCLC was analyzed. Whole DNA was extracted and bisulfite modification was performed. Then, the methylation status of FTH-1 and SHOX2 was evaluated using quantitative methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (qMSP). We used GraphPad Prism version 6.00 program for statistical analysis. Mann-Whitney U test (TCGA-LUNG), paired t-test (internal samples) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to evaluate the statistical differences of DNA methylation between NSCLC tissues samples and adjacent normal specimens (P < 0.05, mean ± SD). Results: TCGA and q-MSP results showed significant FTH-1 hypomethylation and SHOX2 hypermethylation in NSCLC tissues in comparison with margin specimens. Also, FTH-1 and SHOX2 methylation levels were significantly associated with the clinical stage of malignancy. Furthermore, The ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve values for FTH-1 and SHOX2 were determined to be 0.751 and 0.8676, respectively. This indicates the importance of FTH-1 and SHOX2 as diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC. Conclusion: This study indicates that FTH-1 and SHOX2 methylation could be promising targets for liquid biopsy application of lung cancer. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Effect of tourniquet time and nerve diameter change on nerve damage in upper extremity surgery interventions
No full textBackground: Peripheral nerve damage is the most common and most frightening complication after a peripheral nerve block procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different tourniquet durations on the sensory, motor, and sympathetic functions of peripheral nerves in patients undergoing upper extremity surgery by measuring nerve diameters under ultrasound guidance and performing nerve conduction studies to evaluate the effects on nerve damage in distal forearm. Methods: This study was conducted on ASA I-III patients between the ages of18 and70 who were scheduled to undergo surgery on the mid and distal forearm. All patients underwent brachial plexus block via an axillary approach using USG and a nerve stimulator Prior to the application of the block, the diameters of the median, radial, ulnar, and musculocutaneous nerves were measured under USG guidance. The same assistant personnel injected 7 ml of bupivacaine and lidocaine mixture into each nerve (median, radial, ulnar). Local anesthetic(LA) to spread along the nerve sheath, the diameters of each nerve sheath were measured and recorded again by USG. Nerve conduction studies using EMG were performed by the same researcher before surgery and 1month after surgery to evaluate for nerve damage. Results: The study consisted of 61 patients. Of the patients, 42.6 % were aged 40–60 years, and 54.1 % were women. One patient was switched to general anesthesia due to block failure, and the patient was excluded from the study. Three patients experienced complications (prolonged sensory block of 15 h in two patients, and sensory paralysis of one month in one patient. The tourniquet times of the patients were almost equal.There was a statistically significant difference between the first and final measurements of patients' Median Nerve Diameter, Radial Nerve Diameter, Ulnar Nerve Diameter, Median Nerve Sensory Amplitude, Ulnar Nerve Sensory Amplitude, Radial Nerve Sensory Amplitude, Ulnar Nerve Motor Amplitude, Median Sensory Latency, Ulnar Sensory Latency, and Radial Sensory Latency(p < 0.05).). In both patients with and without DM, the difference between the first and last measurements of Median Nerve Diameter, Radial Nerve Diameter, Ulnar Nerve Diameter, Median Sensory Latency, and Radial Sensory Latency was statistically significant (p < 0, 05). Conclusion: Involuntary intraneural injections can occur with peripheral nerve blocks. When the effect of the increase in nerve diameter due to local anesthesia and appropriate tourniquet duration on nerve damage is evaluated by nerve conduction studies, although it causes partial impairment of nerve function (slowing of nerve conduction, decrease in amplitude), it generally does not cause permanent nerve damage. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Enhancing Privacy in IoT Networks: A Comparative Analysis of Classification and Defense Methods
No full textThe rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has led to a substantial increase in network packet traffic, raising significant privacy concerns. Although traffic encryption is employed to protect the privacy of IoT devices, attackers can still leverage Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques to classify device types by analyzing packet characteristics, such as size and timing. The main challenges in the state of the art are the lack of effective methods for exposing privacy violations in encrypted IoT traffic, and the absence of robust defense mechanisms to mitigate privacy breaches caused by network traffic analysis. Considering these challenges, this study presents two key contributions: (i) a novel vector-based classification method that enhances device-type identification from encrypted IoT traffic using advanced ML and DL techniques, and (ii) a robust defense mechanism based on Differential Privacy (DP) and advanced padding techniques against traffic analysis attacks. Therefore, the study examines privacy risks associated with sequential IoT device data and evaluates the effectiveness of ML algorithms using two datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed vector-based classification method significantly improves the attacker's classification accuracy, even when privacy-preserving techniques, such as padding, are used to obscure device-type classification. For this purpose, the study evaluates eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) for IoT traffic classification, achieving an accuracy rate of 99.61% with XGBoost, 96.74% with LSTM, and 96.94% with GRU. Additionally, the Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), and GRU classification algorithms are also evaluated and compared with the XGBoost and LSTM classifiers for the proposed attack model. As a defense mechanism, DP is applied using the Fourier Perturbation Algorithm (FPA) to optimize padding strategies while maintaining network efficiency. A comparative analysis with state of the art padding techniques, including Adaptive Packet Padding (APP), and the proposed DP-based defense mechanism demonstrates that the proposed defense approach achieves a superior privacy-utility balance. The findings reveal that while padding techniques reduce classification accuracy, the novel vector method significantly enhances attack performance, underscoring the need for stronger defense strategies. Consequently, this study addresses a critical gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive evaluation of privacy risks, classification robustness, and the effectiveness of DP-based defense in IoT network traffic. Thus, the proposed research provides practical insights for enhancing privacy preservation while maintaining network performance, thereby contributing to the development of more secure IoT communication frameworks.Ege University Scientific Research Projects Committee [FM-HZP-2023-29550]This work was supported in part by the Ege University Scientific Research Projects Committee under Grant FM-HZP-2023-29550
Minoan Connections in the Late Bronze Age Northeast Aegean in the Light of the Blossom Bowl Fragment from the Maydos-Kilisetepe Excavation
No full textMinos kültürünün gelişkin zanaatkarlık ürünlerinden olan özenli yapım taş kaplar, çeşitli form ve dekorasyonları ile Geç Tunç Çağı’nın MÖ. 1750-1400 arası döneminde oldukça popüler, sembolik ve prestij nesneleri olarak varlıklarını sürdürmüşlerdir. Çoğunlukla Girit Adası’ndaki Minos mezarlarında ve saray kazılarında ele geçen bu kaplar arasında, çiçekli çanaklar olarak adlandırılan örnekler gövde üzerinde kabartma olarak işlenmiş safran çiçeği bezemesi ile dikkat çeker. Girit dışında Kıta Yunanistan ve Kiklad Adaları’nda ithal örnekleri ele geçmesine rağmen Kuzeydoğu Ege’de sadece Troia’da bilinen bir örnekle temsil edilmekteydi. Ancak Maydos-Kilisetepe kazılarında ilk kez güvenli arkeolojik kontekstten gelen bir taş kap parçası, Kuzey Ege’de tespit edilen ikinci örnek olarak karşımıza çıkar. Maydos-Kilisetepe Höyüğü’nün V. tabakasında (MÖ. 1700-1300) ele geçen ve üzerinde kabartma olarak safran çiçeği betimlenen Minos köenli bu kap parçası ve taş kapak Kuzey Ege’de Minos etkisini göstermesi bakımından önemli bir bulgudur. Taş kap üzerinde, kabartma olarak işlenmiş safran çiçeği motifi, özellikle Minos duvar fresklerinde sıklıkla işlenen, çiçek toplama kompozisyonlarında severek kullanılmış olup, Minos dinsel ritüelleri ile ilişkilendirildiğinden dikkat çekicidir. Kuzey Ege’de Troia’dan sonra ikinci örneğin Maydos-Kilisetepe V. tabakasında ele geçmiş olması, Minos’un Kuzey Ege’ye yayılan kültürel etkilerini ve iletişim ağlarını Çanakkale Boğazı içlerine kadar genişlettiğini göstermesi bakımından ön plana çıkar. Diğer yandan aynı tabakada ele geçen Minos tipi bir taş kapak bu olasılığı güçlendirmektedir. Bu çalışmada ele geçen taş kap ve kapak parçasının tipolojik özellikleri özetlenerek Kuzey Ege ve Minos arasındaki denizsel, karasal ve diplomatik iletişim ağları ele alınarak Maydos’un bu ağ içindeki rolü açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.The elaborately made stone vessels, which are among the products of the advanced craftsmanship of the Minoan culture, continued their existence as very popular, symbolic and prestige objects in the Late Bronze Age between 1750-1400 BC with their various forms and decorations. Among these vessels, mostly recovered from Minoan tombs and palace excavations on the island of Crete, the so-called Blossom Bowls stand out with their saffron flower decoration carved in relief on the body. Although imported examples have been found in Continental Greece and the Cyclades, the Northeastern Aegean was represented only by a known example from Troy. However, during the excavations at Maydos-Kilisetepe, a fragment of a stone vessel from a safe archaeological context was found for the first time in the North Aegean. This Minoan vessel fragment and stone lid from Level V of the Maydos-Kilisetepe Mound (1700-1300 BC), which depicts a saffron flower in relief, is an important find in terms of showing the Minoan influence in the North Aegean. The saffron flower motif carved in relief on the stone vessel is particularly noteworthy as it is associated with Minoan religious rituals and is popularly used in flower picking compositions, which are frequently depicted in Minoan wall frescoes. The fact that the second example from the North Aegean, after Troy, was recovered from Maydos-Kilisetepe Level V is noteworthy as it shows that the Minoans extended their cultural influence and communication networks throughout the North Aegean as far as the Dardanelles. On the other hand, a Minoan stone lid recovered from the same level strengthens this possibility. This study will summarize the typological characteristics of the stone vessel and the lid fragment recovered from the same level, discuss the maritime, territorial and diplomatic communication networks between the North Aegean and Minoan, and try to explain the role of Maydos in this network
Cyclophosphamide treatment with a comparison in both pediatric rheumatology and pediatric nephrology practices
No full textBackgroundCyclophosphamide (CYC) is an inactive alkylating agent that transforms the alkyl radicals into other molecules and is used in combination with systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of many childhood rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). In recent years, rituximab (RTX), a B-cell-targeting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has emerged as a new alternative treatment modality over CYC for induction therapy of childhood-onset rheumatic diseases. Clinicians adopt different practices for using CYC particularly in relation to indications, posology, pre-treatment laboratory work-up, post-treatment follow-up, and screening pre- and post-treatment vaccination status. This study aimed to evaluate the principles and approaches of administering CYC therapy in pediatric rheumatology and pediatric nephrology practices and to compare the clinician preferences for CYC and RTX in induction therapy of childhood-onset rheumatic diseases.MethodsThis study includes a web-based questionnaire executed on 87 participants (56 pediatric rheumatologists (PRs) and 31 pediatric nephrologists (PNs)). Both pediatric subspecialties evaluated and compared the most common indications for CYC treatment, pre-treatment consent protocols, pre-and post-treatment laboratory tests, dosing strategies, and side effects.ResultsChildhood-onset SLE (95%) and AAV (69%) were the most common diseases for which CYC treatment is used. All clinicians, except 2 PNs prescribed CYC via intravenous route. 61% of the PRs and 71% of PNs reported using a monthly dose of 500 mg/m(2) CYC for 6 months in accordance with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) protocol. All clinicians conducted pre-CYC treatment assessments of complete blood count and kidney function tests. Hepatitis B (82%), chickenpox (76%), and mumps-measles-rubella (72%) were the most frequently assessed vaccines. Adverse effects associated with CYC include cytopenia (86%), nausea (52%), liver toxicity (20%), hair loss (31%), hemorrhagic cystitis (37%), allergic reactions (16%), dyspnea (5%), and infertility (2%). 9 clinicians stated that they performed gonad-sparing interventions before CYC, which clarifies why CYC was more commonly preferred in the induction therapy of SLE and AAV over RTX by both PRs and PNs.ConclusionsClinicians still tend to choose CYC over RTX in induction therapy of SLE and AAV and mostly prefer the high-dose CYC treatment regimen suggested by the NIH
Esophageal and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: Clinical Recommendations From the United European Gastroenterology and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility
No full textDysphagia is a prevalent symptom of the upper gastrointestinal tract causing health related consequences, impacting quality of life and is associated with global economic burden. Swallowing difficulties are classified into oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) and esophageal dysphagia. Despite its clinical importance, dysphagia is associated with several uncertainties regarding its optimal diagnostic work-up and management, particularly, considering the progress with diagnostic modalities and technologies. A Delphi consensus was performed with experts from various disciplines who conducted a literature summary and voting process on 41 statements. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation criteria. Consensus was reached for all the statements. The panel agreed with the definition and prevalence of esophageal and OD types. The role of endoscopy, high-resolution manometry, EndoFLIP, barium swallow and other imaging tests in evaluating esophageal dysphagia has reached overall strong agreement. Videofluoroscopic swallow study, alongside fiber-endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, as the methods of choice for the instrumental assessment of oropharyngeal dysfunction is a strong recommendation. Regarding treatment, a weak recommendation was achieved for the use of PPIs, calcium-channel blockers, nitrates, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, antidepressants or peppermint oil for the treatment of hypercontractile esophagus. A strong recommendation exists for endoscopic and surgical treatment of achalasia, while a weak recommendation is provided for other esophageal motility disorders. Regarding OD, a weak recommendation was achieved for swallow therapy, to improve swallowing mechanics, reduce symptoms, and enhance quality of life. Swallow therapy could be more effective when using validated assessment tools, consistent treatment parameters, and considering long-term follow-up. A multinational group of European experts summarized the current state of consensus on the definition, diagnosis, and management of dysphagia.United European Gastroenterology; UEG Activity Grant (UEG)This consensus was supported by a grant from United European Gastroenterology. These guidelines were developed with the support of a UEG Activity Grant (UEG Grant/Award: no number). Open access publishing facilitated by Universita degli Studi di Padova, as part of the Wiley - CRUI-CARE agreement
Innovative coating of turkey breast with nanoemulsion solution containing chia mucilage and sage essential oil by using vacuum impregnation
No full text1. In recent years, the coating of meat and related products has shown potential in extending shelf life. However, there are no studies on coating with nanoemulsion solutions using vacuum impregnation (VI) technique in meat matrices. This study evaluated the impact of nanoemulsion coating solutions, comprising chia mucilage and different concentrations of sage essential oil (SEO) on antioxidant properties and quality characteristics of turkey breast during storage using VI.2. Five coating solutions were developed, including coating with water (CV), chia mucilage (CMV), chia mucilage + 0.5% SEO (CMS1V), chia mucilage + 1% SEO (CMS2V) and chia mucilage + 1.5% SEO (CMS3V).3. The results indicated that increasing the SEO in nanoemulsion solutions significantly boosted antioxidant activity. Incorporating sage essential oil at a concentration of 1.5%, led to a notable reduction in peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), which suggested reduced lipid oxidation. Additionally, the carbonyl and sulphhydryl content of turkey strips were significantly influenced by nanoemulsion coating solutions. Microbiological analysis revealed that nanoemulsions containing chia mucilage + SEO effectively reduced microbial load during storage, highlighting the antimicrobial properties of SEO. Furthermore, nanoemulsion coatings containing SEO inhibited the increase in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) values during storage, which extended the freshness of the meat.4. Overall, incorporating SEO into nanoemulsion coatings, alongside chia mucilage, maintained the quality attributes of turkey breast during storage, confirming the potential of nanoemulsion coatings in extending shelf life and preserving meat product quality.Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination [23867]; Ege University Scientific Research Projects CoordinationThe authors are thankful to Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination under project number 23867 for their financial support