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Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction: Incidence, Symptom Burden, and Psychological Comorbidities
No full textBackground The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has highlighted the potential exacerbation of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs). However, the distinct symptom trajectories and psychological burden in patients with post-COVID-19 DGBIs compared with patients with pre-existing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)/functional dyspepsia (FD) and non-DGBI controls remain poorly understood. Objectives To examine the long-term gastrointestinal symptom progression and psychological comorbidities in patients with post-COVID-19 DGBI, patients with pre-existing IBS/FD and non-DGBI controls. Methods This post hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort study reviewed patient charts for demographic data and medical history. Participants completed the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale at four time points: baseline, 1, 6, and 12 months, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at 6 and 12 months. The cohort was divided into three groups: (1) post-COVID-19 DGBIs (2) non-DGBI, and (3) pre-existing IBS/FD, with the post-COVID-19 DGBIs group compared to the latter two control groups. Results Among 599 eligible patients, 27 (4.5%) were identified as post-COVID-19 DGBI. This group experienced worsening abdominal pain, hunger pain, heartburn, and acid regurgitation, unlike symptom improvement or stability in non-DGBI controls (p < 0.001 for all symptoms, except hunger pain, p = 0.001). While patients with pre-existing IBS/FD improved in most gastrointestinal symptoms but worsened in constipation and incomplete evacuation, patients with post-COVID-19 DGBI exhibited consistent symptom deterioration across multiple gastrointestinal domains. Anxiety and depression remained unchanged in patients with post-COVID-19 DGBI, contrasting with significant reductions in controls (non-DGBI: p = 0.003 and p = 0.057; pre-existing IBS/FD: p = 0.019 and p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusions COVID-19 infection is associated with the development of newly diagnosed DGBIs and distinct symptom trajectories when compared with patients with pre-existing IBS/FD. Patients with post-COVID-19 DGBI experience progressive gastrointestinal symptom deterioration and persistent psychological distress, underscoring the need for tailored management strategies for this unique subgroup.The Italian Ministry of Health; European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility; United European Gastroenterology; Rome Foundation - Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio in Bologna; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna [GR-2018-12367062]; Italian Ministry of HealthWe thank the European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, the United European Gastroenterology, and the Rome Foundation for their support. G.B.'s contribution was partially funded by Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio in Bologna; the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; and Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna and European Grant H2020, DISCOvERIE, SC1-BHC-01-2019. M.R.B. is a recipient of a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Finalizzata GR-2018-12367062). None of the funding organizations have had any role in the design and conduct of the study, in the collection, management, and analysis of the data, or in the preparation, review, and approval of the article
Türkiye’de modernleşme ve toplumsal değerlerde dönüşüm: Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar romanlarının Max Scheler’in ‘hınç’ kavramı bağlamında bir analizi
No full textModernite yalnızca toplumsal kurumların işleyişini değil, bireylerin değer ve anlam dünyalarını da derinden etkileyen kapsamlı bir dönüşüm sürecidir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye'deki modernleşme süreci, mevcut geleneksel kurum ve değerler ile Batılılaşma yoluyla benimsenen 'yenilikler' arasındaki gerilim ve çatışma ekseninde yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de modernleşme sürecinin toplumsal değerlerde yarattığı dönüşümü, Max Scheler'in ressentiment (hınç) kavramı çerçevesinde ele alarak, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar'ın üçleme romanları olan Mahur Beste, Huzur ve Sahnenin Dışındakiler üzerinden analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Tanpınar'ın anlatı dünyası, yaşanan bu dönüşümün kültür ve değerler alanındaki görünümlerini analiz etmemize olanak tanırken, aynı zamanda Türkiye'nin modernleşme sürecinin özgün dinamiklerini tartışmamız için de zemin hazırlamıştır. Çalışmada, Tanpınar'ın romanları, nitel bir araştırma yöntemi olan tematik analiz aracılığıyla ve Scheler'in fenomenoloji anlayışı doğrultusunda şekillenen teorik çerçeve eşliğinde yorumlanmıştır. Deneyimde açığa çıkanı 'görmeye' çalışan farklı alanlar olarak, Scheler'in fenomenoloji anlayışı ve Tanpınar'ın edebi anlatısının kesişiminde konumlanan bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki modernleşme sürecini anlamak adına da önemli bir zemin sunmaktadır. Bu çerçevede Ferdinand Tönnies, Émile Durkheim, Max Weber ve Daryush Shayegan'ın kavramları da analize dahil edilerek, toplumsal düzeyde yaşanan değer krizinin nedenleri sosyolojik bir perspektifle açıklanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, araştırma nesnemizi oluşturan edebi metinleri fenomenolojik bir yaklaşımla ele alarak, modernitenin değerler alanında yarattığı dönüşümleri ressentiment'ın tezahürleri üzerinden analiz etmeyi ve anlamayı hedefledik. Felsefe literatüründe ressentiment kavramına dair çalışmalar bulunmakla birlikte, bu çalışma ile bilhassa Scheler'in kavrama kazandırdığı sosyolojik bakış açısının önemine dikkat çekerek literatüre katkı sunmayı amaçladık.Modernity is a comprehensive process of transformation that profoundly affects not only the functioning of social institutions but also the value and meaning worlds of individuals. In this context, Turkey's modernization process has unfolded along an axis of tension and conflict between existing traditional institutions and values and the 'innovations' adopted through Westernization. This study aims to analyze the transformation in social values brought about by Turkey's modernization process, within the framework of Max Scheler's concept of ressentiment, through Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar's trilogy novels, Mahur Beste, Huzur, and Sahnenin Dışındakiler. Tanpınar's narrative world allows us to analyze the manifestations of this transformation in the realm of culture and values, while also providing a ground for discussing the unique dynamics of Turkey's modernization experience. In this study, Tanpınar's novels were interpreted through thematic analysis, a qualitative research method and guided by a theoretical framework shaped in accordance with Scheler's understanding of phenomenology. Situated at the intersection of Scheler's phenomenological understanding and Tanpınar's literary narrative, as different fields attempting to 'see' what is revealed in experience, this study also offers an important ground for understanding Turkey's modernization process. In this framework, the concepts of Ferdinand Tönnies, Émile Durkheim, Max Weber and Daryush Shayegan are also included in the analysis, aiming to explain the causes of the value crisis at the societal level from a sociological perspective. In this context, by subjecting the literary texts that constitute our research object to a phenomenological approach, we aimed to analyze and understand the transformations caused by the fundamental impulses of modernity in the realm of values through the manifestations of ressentiment. While there are studies on the concept of ressentiment in philosophical literature, this study particularly aims to draw attention the importance of the sociological perspective that Scheler brought to the concept and to contribute to the literature
Reply: evaluating Microsoft Bing with ChatGPT-4 for the assessment of abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance images
No full text[Abstract Not Acaileble
Assessment of student thermal comfort perception of spaces in education building with different ventilation strategies after COVID-19
No full textEnvironmental comfort directly affects student learning. With the rapid increase in educational buildings, thermal comfort conditions, student performance, and work efficiency are very important. The impact of COVID-19 has changed comfort expectations in assessing indoor air quality. This study investigates the thermal comfort of students from different regions in classrooms with different ventilation systems in summer and winter. The research presents statistically the results obtained from questionnaires and measurements of environmental variables. Surveys and field measurements were conducted from February 2021 to June 2022. The measurements included indoor environmental parameters, such as dry bulb and globe temperature, relative humidity, indoor airflow speed and CO2 concentration. The subjective investigation was carried out using 635 particular questionnaires regarding their thermal senses, thermal preferences and the comfort conditions of the environment to determine the percentages of dissatisfaction. Approximately 82% of students in the naturally ventilated classrooms and 80% in the air-conditioned classrooms were comfortable. The average indoor comfort temperature estimated by the adaptive comfort method in naturally ventilated spaces was found to comply with ASHRAE 55 standards in both summer and winter. Another important finding is the differences in the thermal sensations of the students, especially for the winter period, as they come from various climatic regions of T & uuml;rkiye
Comparison of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer mortality after occupational cadmium exposure in china and the world
No full textAmaç: Kadmiyum, insanlar için kanserojen olan ağır metal bir kirleticidir. Maruz kalım öncelikle yutma ve solunum yoluyla gerçekleşir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) mesleki hastalık yükü uygulama aracını kullanarak 2000, 2010 ve 2016 yıllarında Çin’de ve küresel düzeyde kadmiyuma maruz kalıma bağlı ölüm oranlarını, Engelliliğe Ayarlanmış Yaşam Yılları’nı (DALY) ve nüfusa atfedilebilir oranları (%) inceledik. Bulgular: Çin’de yıllar içerisinde kadmiyuma mesleki maruz kalım nedeniyle bronş, trakea ve akciğer kanserlerine bağlı ölüm oranında (100.000 kişide) bir azalma görülmemiş olup maruz kalıma bağlı ölüm oranı hala yüksektir. En son 2016 yılı verisine göre Çin’deki ölüm oranı (100.000 kişide) (,4269) dünya ortalamasına (,2002) göre yüksek olmasına rağmen; ölüm oranının (100.000 kişide) Avrupa (,4650) ile benzer, ancak Afrika (44,9514), Amerika (30,0927), Doğu Akdeniz (12,5471), Güneydoğu Pasifik (14,4381) ve Batı Pasifik (201,1176) bölgelerindeki ölüm oranlarından düşük olduğu belirlendi (p<,05). Yapılan karşılaştırmalar sonucunda kadmiyuma maruz kalıma bağlı olarak DALY sayısının (1000’ler halinde) yıllar içerisinde arttığı görülmektedir (2000: 3,82, 2010: 4,95, 2016: 5,55). DALY sayısının (1000'ler halinde) yıllar içerisinde anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlendi (p<,05). Ölüm oranları (100.000 kişide) yıllar içinde azalmaktadır (2000: 79,7906, 2010: 49,3388, 2016: 41,4298) (p<,05). Sonuç: Hızla artan sanayileşme nedeniyle kadmiyuma maruz kalıma bağlı morbidite ve mortalite oranları halen yüksektir.Aim: Cadmium is a heavy metal pollutant that is a human carcinogen. Exposure occurs primarily through ingestion and inhalation. Materials and Methods: In our study, we examined the mortality rates, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and population-attributable fraction (%) due to cadmium exposure in China and the world for the years 2000, 2010 and 2016 using the World Health Organization (WHO) occupational disease burden application tool. Results: In China, the mortality rate (per 100,000 of population) due to occupational cadmium exposure due to bronchus, trachea and lung cancer has not decreased over the years, and the mortality rate due to exposure is still high. According to the latest 2016 data, although the death rate (per 100,000 of population) in China (.4269) is higher than the world (.2002) average; the death rate (per 100,000 of population) was determined to be similar to Europe (.4650), but lower than the death rates in Africa (44.9514), Americas (30.0927), Eastern Mediterranean (12.5471), South-East Pacific (14.4381) and Western Pacific (201.1176) regions (p<.05). As a result of the comparisons made, it is seen that the number (for DALYs in 1000s) due to cadmium exposure has increased over the years (2000: 3.82, 2010: 4.95, 2016: 5.55). It was determined that the number (for DALYs in 1000s) showed significant differences over the years (p<.05). Mortality rates (per 100,000 of population) have been decreasing over the years (2000: 79.7906, 2010: 49.3388, 2016: 41.4298) (p<.05). Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality rates due to cadmium exposure remain high due to rapidly increasing industrialization.Bu çalışma için herhangi bir maddi destek alınmamıştır. [EN] No financial support was received for this study
WINTGEN INEQUALITIES ALONG RIEMANNIAN SUBMERSIONS
No full textIn this paper, a Wintgen inequality is obtained depending on O'Neill's tensor field Talong a Riemannian submersion from a real space form to a Riemannian manifold and the geometric meaning of the equality case is provided. Then, a Wintgen inequality is derived along a Riemannian submersion from a complex space form to Riemannian manifold, and a geometric result is provided in the case of equality. In addition, a Wintgen inequality is obtained using concepts based on O'Neill's tensor field A, and it is shown that the condition for equality is essentially equivalent to the integrability of the horizontal distribution. This condition is also investigated in the case of a complex space form.National Research Foundation of Korea [2022K2A9A1A06090461, :122N868]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [:122N868]; [122N868]Acknowledgement. Jae Won Lee was supported under the framework of international cooperation program managed by the National Research Foundation of Korea (2022K2A9A1A06090461) , and Bayram & Scedil;ahin was supported under the framework of inter-national cooperation program managed by the Scientifc and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) with project id:122N868. The authors are grateful to the referees for their valuable comments and suggestions
Marul (Lactuca sativa Cv Cospirina) bitkisinin iyot alımı üzerine farklı formlarda azot beslemesinin etkilerinin araştırılması
Get PDFİyot eksikliğinin küresel çapta bir beslenme sorunu olduğu bilinmektedir. Tiroit bezinin sağlıklı çalışmasını sağlamanın yanında tiroit bezinden salgılanan T3 ve T4 hormonlarının yapısına katılan iyot, hamilelikte, doğum sonrası ve büyüme boyunca insanın beyin gelişimi ve metabolizması için hayatidir. Günlük tükettiğimiz besinlerden deniz kökenli gıdalar, süt ve süt ürünleri iyi birer iyot kaynağıyken yaygın olarak tükettiğimiz bitkisel besinler iyot açısından oldukça fakirdir. Topraktan, köklerce alınmasının ardından ksilemde taşınması sebebiyle bitkinin diğer dokularına yeterince aktarılamadığı için bitkinin tohum, meyve ve kök yumruları gibi organları fakir birer iyot kaynağı haline gelmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak literatürde birçok iyot gübrelemesi çalışması olmasına rağmen elde edilen sonuçlar birbiriyle tam bir uyum içerisinde değildir. İyotun toprakta indirgenme ve kökler tarafından alınma süreçlerinde diğer bazı iyonlarla mücadeleye girdiği bilinse de azot (N) gübrelemesinin iyot alımı üzerine etkisi hakkında bir araştırma yapılmamıştır. Bu eksikliği gidermek amacıyla çalışmamızda Marul (Lactuca sativa Cv Cospirina) bitkisinde yaygın kullanılan N formlarının ve dozlarının ve bunların yanında toprakta bol bulunan iyonlardan olan sülfat (SO₄²⁻) ve klorun (Cl⁻) iyot alımı üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Iodine deficiency is recognized as a global nutritional problem. In addition to ensuring the proper functioning the thyroid gland, iodine is the main component of T3 and T4 hormones, making it vital for brain development and metabolism during pregnancy, postpartum and growth. While sea food, dairy products and milk are good dietary sources of iodine, commonly consumed plant based foods are notably poor. Due to limited translocation throught xylem after uptake by roots iodine does not accumulate sufficiently in plant tissues such as seeds, fruits and root tubers which maket hem inadequate iodine sources. Although numerous studies have been published on iodine fertilization, their results remain inconsistent. While it is known that iodine competes with other ions during reduction in soil and root uptake, the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on iodine uptake has not been investigated. To fill the gap in literature, our study aims to explore the effect of common nitrogen forms and their dosages as well as the effect of sulfate (SO₄²⁻) and chloride (Cl⁻) which are abundant soil anions on the iodine uptake of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa Cv. Cospirina) plant
The fowles machine: Desire and deterritorialization in John Fowles's novels
No full textThis study aims to investigate John Fowles's (1926-2005) novels entitled The Collector (1963), The Magus (1965) and The French Lieutenant's Woman (1969) from the perspective of schizoanalysis put forward by Gilles Deleuze ve Félix Guattari. The schizoanalytic interpretative framework rejects the psychoanalytic notion that the unconscious is formed through the repression of desire. According to Deleuze and Guattari, the unconscious is formed through the machinic connections which are activated by the flow of desire. Desire is a positive and a productive energy that initiates changes, transformations and productions taking place in the personal and the collective unconscious. This study indicates how liberated desire shapes the unconscious of the characters portrayed by Fowles in his aforementioned novels. In the first chapter, psychoanalysis is examined in detail, given that it forms the basis of schizoanalysis.The second chapter focuses on how Deleuze and Guattari reinterpret the unconscious. The schizoanalytic framework views the institutions that repress desire as mechanisms that need to be discarded. Desiring-machines, connected to each other through rhizomatic patterns, have the potential to detach individuals and societies from authoritarian codes, transforming them into deterritorialized beings. Deterritorialization of desire leads individuals to become schizophrenic subjects by liberating them from the constraints of norms, ideologies and social or political barriers.The last chapter is devoted to the analysis of Fowles's novels entitled The Collector, The Magus and The French Lieutenant's Woman. These novels are selected for analysis due to Fowles's deterritorialized narrative style, which rejects conventional literary approaches, and his highly individualistic characters, who succeed in liberating desire within their unconscious. In this study, the identity construction processes of Fowles's characters, who manage to disengage from authoritarian mechanisms, such as family, gender-based assumptions, financial dynamics, class structures and national identity, are discussed with reference to the DeleuzoGuattarian concepts, such as desire, the rhizome, the body without organs, deterritorialization and schizophrenia.Bu tez çalışması İngiliz yazar John Fowles'un (1926-2005), Koleksiyoncu (1963), Büyücü (1965) ve Fransız Teğmenin Kadını (1969) adlı romanlarını Gilles Deleuze ve Félix Guattari'nin şizoanaliz yaklaşımı çerçevesinde incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, bilinçaltının arzunun bastırılmasıyla oluştuğu görüşünü reddeder. Deleuze ve Guattari'ye göre bilinçaltı, arzu tarafından harekete geçirilen ve makine gibi çalışan bağlantılar yoluyla oluşur. Arzu, bireysel ve toplumsal bilinçaltında gerçekleşen tüm değişim, dönüşüm ve üretimleri tetikleyen üretken bir enerjidir. Bu çalışma, Fowles'un bahsi geçen romanlarında özgür bırakılan arzunun karakterlerin bilinçaltını nasıl şekillendirdiğini göstermektedir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, psikanaliz kuramı, şizoanaliz yaklaşımına temel oluşturduğu gerekçesiyle ayrıntılı olarak incelenmektedir. İkinci bölüm, Deleuze ve Guattari'nin bilinçaltı süreçlerini nasıl yeniden yorumladığına odaklanır. Şizoanaliz yaklaşımı, arzuyu baskılayan kurumları, dışlanması gereken mekanizmalar olarak görür. Köksap şeklinde birbirine bağlı olan arzu makineleri bireyi ve toplumu otoriter kodlardan kurtararak onları yersizyurtsuzlaşmış benliklere dönüştürür. Arzunun yersizyurtsuzlaşması, bireyi normlardan, ideolojilerden, sosyal ya da politik kısıtlamalardan kurtararak onların şizofren öznelere dönüşmesine zemin hazırlar. Çalışmanın son bölümü, Fowles'un Koleksiyoncu, Büyücü ve Fransız Teğmenin Kadını adlı romanlarının incelenmesine ayrılmıştır. Bu romanların seçilmesinin sebebi, Fowles'un geleneksel edebiyat akımlarını takip etmeyen yersizyurtsuzlaşmış anlatı tarzı ve bilinçaltlarında arzuyu özgürleştirmeyi başarmış son derece bireysel karakterleridir. Bu tez çalışmasında, Fowles'un seçili romanlarındaki karakterlerin aile, cinsiyet rolleri, ekonomik dinamikler, sınıf toplumu ve ulus kimliği gibi baskı mekanizmalarından sıyrılarak kendilerine özgün kimlikler inşa etme süreçleri, Deleuze ve Guattari tarafından ortaya atılan arzu, köksap, organsız beden, yersizyurtsuzlaşma ve şizofreni kavramlarına referans verilerek tartışılmıştır
Eccentric connectivity index in complementary prisms
No full textThe topological index is just one of several very useful tools that graph theory has made available to chemists. Topological indices are invariants of real numbers under graph isomorphisms. Several topological indices have been defined. Some of them are used to model chemical, pharmaceutical and other properties of molecules. The eccentric connectivity index (eci) is also a topological index. The eci of G, denoted by epsilon(c)(G), is defined as epsilon(c)(G) = Sigma (v is an element of V (G))deg(v)e(v), where deg(v) represents the degree of a vertex v and e(v) is its eccentricity. In this paper, exact formula for the eci of complementary prisms is derived
Microstructure-Mechanical Properties of Mg-xCa Alloys Produced by Mechanical Alloying-Hot Pressing Process and Their Optimization Using Central Composite Design Method
No full textIn the study, Mg-xCa alloys with high mechanical performance were developed using a statistical model central composite design (CCD) method to predict the mechanical properties of Mg and Ca powders produced by powder metallurgy. Powder metallurgy (TM) is a production method that offers great advantages over other production methods. However, there are limited studies in the literature on the production of alloying Ca to eliminate the high degradation rate of pure Mg loss. Mg and Ca powders were subjected to the alloying process for different times as 11.99-14.43-18-21.5-24 h, and after mechanical alloying (MA), grain size measurements of the powders and XRD and SEM-EDS analyses were performed. After MA, the powders were sintered at different temperatures, such as 325-370-437-504-549°C in an argon gas environment under 46 MPa pressure, and samples were obtained. The microstructures, mechanical properties, compressive strength, density values, and XRD-SEM results showed that the secondary phase Mg2Ca increased with increasing Ca content, which indicates the increasing hardness of Mg-xCa alloy. Using the CCD method, the sample's compressive strength, hardness, and density results with optimal values produced from Mg-xCa alloys were determined as 251 MPa, 146 Brinell, and 1.7 g/cm3, respectively. The compatibility of the experimental results with the Regression formula confirms the reliability of the equation. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved