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    Eski Smyrna’da MÖ İkinci Binyıl’dan Arkaik Dönem sonuna kadar gri seramikler

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    Tez çalışması kapsamında özellikle Kuzeybatı Anadolu'da yaygın olarak görülen ve Ekrem Akurgal'ın Eski Smyrna kazıları sırasında "Aiol Tabakası" olarak tanımlanan tabakanın ayırt edici seramikleri olan gri monokrom seramikler incelenmektedir. Erken Tunç Çağı III evresinde Kıta Yunanistan'ın orta bölgelerinde ortaya çıkan ve literatürde Minyas Seramiği olarak adlandırılan Tunç Çağı gri seramikleri ile Eski Smyrna'ya Aiollerin gelişinden sonra ortaya çıktığı düşünülen Aiol gri seramiklerinin arasındaki bağlantının incelenebilmesi açısından tez kapsamı Orta Tunç Çağı'nın başından Arkaik Dönem sonuna kadar olarak alınmıştır. Form ve yüzey işlemleri açısından incelenen seramiklerin bağlamı, hem E. Akurgal döneminde bulunan ve tabaka verileri eksik olan eserler ile yeni kazısı gerçekleştirilen tabakası bilinen seramiklerin bir arada incelenmesiyle oluşturulmuştur.As part of this thesis, the focus is on the grey monochrome ceramics that are characteristic of the layer widely observed in Northwestern Anatolia and defined by Ekrem Akurgal during the excavations at Old Smyrna as the "Aeolian Layer." In order to investigate the connection between the Bronze Age grey wares known in the literature as Minyan Ware4which emerged during the Early Bronze Age III in the central regions of Mainland Greece4and the Aeolian grey ceramics thought to have appeared in Old Smyrna after the arrival of the Aeolians, the chronological scope of the study spans from the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age to the end of the Archaic Period. The context of the ceramics analysed in terms of form and surface treatment is established by jointly evaluating the finds from Akurgal's excavations4where stratigraphic data is often lacking-and newly excavated ceramics with known stratigraphic contexts

    Flow-diverting stents in the management of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms

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    PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the indications and therapeutic efficacy of flow-diverting stents (FDSs) in the management of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECAAs) and dissections. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 18 patients treated for ECAAs with an FDS between 2010 and 2024. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, procedural details, and clinical and radiologic follow-up outcomes were extracted from medical records. Procedures were performed under general anesthesia using standard endovascular techniques. Patients received preoperative and postoperative antiplatelet therapy and were fully anticoagulated during the procedure. Follow-up assessments included digital subtraction angiography or computed tomography angiography at 6-12 months and clinical evaluations to monitor symptom resolution and complications. RESULTS Eighteen patients, with an average age of 46.44 +/- 17.54 years, underwent 19 endovascular interventions.Technical success was achieved in all cases. Single stent deployment was used in 15 aneurysms, and telescopic stent deployment in 7. Total occlusion of the aneurysm was achieved in 94.4% of cases. One patient required retreatment due to the separation of two overlapped telescopic stents. All patients were discharged within 2 days post-procedure, with symptomatic patients experiencing the complete resolution of symptoms. No complications or adverse events were reported during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION The endovascular treatment of ECAAs with FDSs appears to be a safe and effective alternative, achieving high technical success and positive clinical outcomes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of FDSs for treating ECAAs significantly improves patient outcomes with minimal complications

    Denizüstü bir rüzgâr enerjisi santrali geliştirilmesi ve iz etkilerinin kıyaslanması: Örnek uygulama

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    Bu tez çalışmasının amacı, Türkiye’de Sığacık Körfezi üzerinde kurulması önerilen bir denizüstü rüzgâr enerjisi santrali tasarımını yapmak, türbinlerin birbirleri ile olan mesafelerini hâkim rüzgâr yönünde ve hâkim olmayan rüzgâr yönünde değiştirerek iz etkinlerini kıyaslamak ve henüz Türkiye’de uygulanmamış olan denizüstü rüzgâr enerjisi projeleri için yeni bir alan önerisiyle getirmektir. Bu doğrultuda, Sığacık Körfezi’nin rüzgâr potansiyelini araştırmak için örnek veri seti olarak orta ölçekli EMD-WRF 150 m veri seti kullanılmıştır. Rüzgârın lineer akış modellemesinin yapılabilmesi için o coğrafyayı kapsayan yükseklik ve pürüzlülük verilerini içeren topografik haritalar kullanılmıştır. WAsP modeli kullanılarak, seçilmiş denizüstü bir bölgenin, rüzgâr modeli ve rüzgâr hızı haritaları WindPro yazılımı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Önerilen bu senaryolar için enerji üretim sonuçları hesaplanmıştır, iz etkisinin en az olduğu optimum senaryo tespit edilerek finansal değerlendirme yapılmıştır. 12 adet Vestas V174/9.5MW kullanılarak oluşturulmuş optimum yerleşim düzenine göre senaryo 9, %1,4 iz etkisi kaybı ve %51,8 kapasite faktörü ile en düşük iz etkisi kaybına sahip olmuştur ve bir yılda 517506.2 MWh enerji üretimi yapacağı tahmin edilmiştir. Karasal bir rüzgâr enerjisi santrali örneği ile yıllık enerji üretimi değerleri ve ekonomik analizleri yapılarak karşılaştırılmıştır.The aim of this thesis is to design an offshore wind farm proposed to be established in Sığacık Gulf, Türkiye, to compare wake effects by varying the distances between turbines in both prevailing and non-prevailing wind directions across nine (9) different scenarios, and to provide a new perspective by proposing a novel site for offshore wind energy projects, which have not yet been implemented in Türkiye. In this context, to analyze the wind potential of Sığacık Gulf, the mesoscale EMD-WRF 150 m dataset was used as a sample data set. Topographic maps containing elevation and roughness data covering the region were utilized for linear wind flow modeling. The WAsP model was used for wind resource assessment, and wind speed maps were generated using WindPRO software. Energy production results were calculated for different scenarios of the proposed offshore wind farm, and the optimal scenario with the lowest wake effect was identified for financial evaluation. Scenario 9, which consists of 12 Vestas V174-9.5MW turbines, exhibited the lowest wake loss of %1.4 and a capacity factor of %51.8, with an estimated annual energy production of 517,506.2 MWh.A comparative analysis was conducted by evaluating the annual energy production of an onshore wind farm example and assessing the economic feasibility of the optimal offshore wind farm layout with 12 turbines

    Thermal Characteristics and Kinetics of the Thermal Degradation of Sugar Beet Waste Leaves and Pulp in Relation to Chemical Composition

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    Thermal characteristics of dried sugar beet pulp, leaves and leaf fractions obtained after extraction: fibrous leaf pulp and fibre rich leaf fraction, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. The sugar beet samples showed a similar thermal behaviour associated with a similar composition. Two endotherms are found on the differential scanning calorimetry curves. First one in the temperature range 31-153 degrees C and the second from 150-160 degrees C. Thermal degradation kinetics was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Four degradation stages were observed within the temperature range 25-700 degrees C. The kinetic parameters of the degradation, obtained by Ortega and Friedman non-isothermal isoconversional methods did not significantly differ between models: Ea-activation energy at a conversion degree 0.1-0.9 ranged 50-200 kJ/mol; lnA- the natural logarithm of the pre-exponential factor 8-48; kp1-thermal degradation rate constant at a conversion extent of 0.5 ranged of 0.19-2.55 min-1. Constant rate of degradation is highest for the sugar beet leaves kp1 (2.58-2.55 min-1), and kp2 (70.1-70.4 min-1). The results obtained are valuable for sugar beet leaf industrial processing. A positive environmental impact is achieved by transforming the waste into high-value food additives.Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area PRIMA H2020 GA2032: FunTomP-Functionalized Tomato Products; Croatian Science Foundation [DOK-2021-02]; Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia [451-03-66/2024-03/200051]This research was funded by the Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area PRIMA H2020 GA2032: FunTomP-Functionalized Tomato Products. The work of doctoral student Josipa Dukic has been fully supported by the Young researchers' career development project-training of doctoral students of the Croatian Science Foundation (DOK-2021-02). Funds for the realization of this research were also provided by the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, grant number 451-03-66/2024-03/200051

    Edremit Kazasının H. 1185-1194 (M.1771-1780) Tarihli Şer'iye Sicili (Transkripsiyon ve değerlendirme)

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    Şeri'ye sicilleri Osmanlı Devleti'nin askeri, siyasi, sosyo-ekonomik yapısının ortaya çıkarılmasında birinci elden kaynaklar arasına yer almaktadır. Tezimizin temel kaynağı olan Edremit Kazasının H. 1185-1194 (M. 1771-1780) Tarihli Şer'iye Sicilini çalışmamızın sebebi XVIII.yüzyıl sonu Edremit Kazası'nın siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik yapısı hakkındaki gelişmeleri günyüzüne çıkarmak ve ileride Edremit hakkında yapılacak çalışmalara rehberlik etmektir. Tez çalışmamız üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Edremit Kazası ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmalar ve çalışmamıza konu olan Edremit Kazası Şer'iye Sicilinin genel durumundan bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca sicilde yer alan hükümler türlerine göre tasniflendirilerek, hükümlerin özetlerine yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde kazada yer alan idari birimlerden, devlet görevlilerinden, kazadan temini istenen ihtiyaç malzemelerinden ve kazanın sosyo-ekonomik hayatını yansıtan müesseselerden bahsedilerek Edremit kazasının genel değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Son bölümde ise basit transkripsiyon ile sicilin tamamına yer verilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma neticesinde Osmanlı Devleti'nin yaşadığı savaşlar sebebi ile ordu ve donanmasının ihtiyaçları, merkezi otoritenin sarsılmasının sosyal hayata yansıması, dönemin sosyal müesseseleri ortaya konulmuştur.Sharia records are among the first-hand sources to reveal the military, political and socio-economic structure of the Ottoman Empire. The reason why we study the Sharia Register of the Edremit District dated 1185-1194 H. (1771-1780 A.D.), which is the main source of our thesis, is to reveal the developments about the political, social and economic structure of the Edremit District at the end of the 18th century and to guide future studies about Edremit. is to. Our thesis study consists of three parts. In the first chapter, the studies on Edremit District and the general situation of the Edremit District Court Registry, which is the subject of our study, are mentioned. In addition, the provisions in the registry are classified according to their types and summaries of the provisions are included. In the second chapter, a general evaluation of the Edremit district was made by mentioning the administrative units in the district, the government officials, the supplies required to be supplied from the district, and the institutions that reflect the socio-economic life of the district. In the last section, the entire registry is included with simple transcription. As a result of the study, the needs of the army and navy of the Ottoman Empire due to the wars it experienced, the reflection of the weakening of the central authority on social life, and the social institutions of the period were revealed

    Tactical flight optimizer: a novel optimization technique tested on mathematical, mechanical, and structural optimization problems

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    The current study presents a novel gradient-free metaheuristic search algorithm named Tactical Flight Optimizer (TFO), tailored to meet the growing need for high-performance optimization techniques in solving complex engineering and mathematical problems. The main contribution of this study is the development of a method that simulates tactical air combat formations, offering a sophisticated alternative to conventional search algorithms. In the proposed method, the location of each agent is updated based on a resultant vector derived from three updating vectors. The updating vectors incorporate total information stored by the agents in each iteration. Consequently, the navigation process is guided by a more logical mechanism rather than a simple random process. The search performance of the TFO is initially benchmarked by solving a set of constrained mathematical functions. Subsequently, it is evaluated by addressing a suite of constrained mechanical and structural problems, containing both discrete and continuous decision variables. The obtained results are compared with five other well-stablished metaheuristic techniques. Acquired numerical results indicate that the TFO algorithm can provide promising results in solving both mathematical and engineering problems in terms of computational cost, accuracy, and stability

    Safety and efficacy of low profile flow diverter stents for intracranial aneurysms in small parent vessels: systematic review and meta-analysis

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    Background: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical and angiographic outcomes of low profile flow diverters (FDs) used in treating intracranial aneurysms in small parent vessels (?3.5?mm). Methods: A systematic review was conducted using Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to October 2024. Studies reporting clinical and angiographic outcomes for Silk Vista Baby, Flow Re-direction Endoluminal Device Junior (FRED Jr), and p48 MW Flow Modulation Device were included. Favorable outcomes were defined as those reported directly in studies or as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2. Results: 33 studies involving 998 patients with 1049 aneurysms were analyzed. Favorable neurological outcomes were reported in 94% of cases overall, with unruptured aneurysms achieving better outcomes (97.1%) than ruptured aneurysms (80%). Procedure related complications were observed in 15.7% of cases, with a lower rate in unruptured aneurysms (12.7%) compared with ruptured aneurysms (20%). Complete or near complete occlusion was achieved in 79.5% of aneurysms from 28 studies, with similar rates for both unruptured (73.6%, from 14 studies) and ruptured (74%, from 13 studies) aneurysms. Among devices, the FRED Jr showed the highest favorable outcome rate (97.6%), while the p48 MW device had the highest complication rate (17.2%). Adjunctive coiling did not significantly affect neurological outcomes but was associated with a slightly lower complication rate (12.1%). Conclusion: Low profile FDs demonstrated high rates of favorable neurological outcomes in small parent vessel aneurysms, particularly in unruptured cases. These FDs achieved acceptable rates of adequate aneurysm occlusion and complications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved

    HALK MÜZİĞİ KAYNAKLARINDAN MODERNİST BİR DİL YARATIMI: BELA BARTOK’UN POLİMODAL KROMATİZMİ

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    The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of polymodal chromaticism, the basic component of Bela Bartok's modernist style created from folk music sources. It has been seen that the polymodal chromatic scale, created by composer building two or more different modes on a common fundamental, provides endless new possibilities: New chromatic harmony that frees dissonance and eliminates necessity of traditional hierarchical- tonal connections, a chromatic melodic development that frees melodies from boundaries of tonality and makes them open to continuous evolution; a new modulation (transition) technique created by intensifying certain components of polymodal chromatic combination or by gradually including previously unheard notes instead of tonal oppositions; and a libertarian conception of form that opens beyond traditional formal templates thanks to abandonment of functional harmony and freedom given to sounds. The effects of folk music sources on the formation of this style were determined by analyses conducted on selected works based on background provided by relevant theoretical and historical context. Research is important because it specifically examines polymodal chromaticism, determines modal centers and combinations, determines connections of modal sources with folk music, and discusses distinctive features of resulting style compared to modernist styles such as polytonality and 12-tone system.Bu araştırmanın amacı Bela Bartok’un halk müziği kaynaklarından yaratmış olduğu modernist dilinin temel bileşeni olan polimodal kromatizmin özelliklerini tespit etmektir. Bestecinin ortak bir temel ses üzerinde iki veya daha fazla farklı modu kurarak yarattığı polimodal kromatik dizinin sonsuz yeni olasılıklar sağladığı görülmüştür. Bunlar, uyuşumsuzu özgür bırakan, geleneksel hiyerarşik-tonal bağlantıları zorunluluk olmaktan çıkaran yeni bir kromatik armoni, ezgileri tonalite sınırlarından çıkararak sürekli evrilmeye açık hale getiren kromatik bir ezgisel gelişim; tonal karşıtlıklar yerine polimodal kromatik kombinasyonun belli bileşenlerini yoğunlaştırarak veya önceden duyulmayan notaları kademeli olarak dahil ederek yaratılan yeni bir modülasyon (geçiş) tekniği ve işlevsel armoninin terki ve seslere verilen özgürlük sayesinde geleneksel formal şablonların ötesine açılan özgürlükçü bir form kavrayışıdır. Bu dilin oluşumunda halk müziği kaynaklarının etkileri, ilgili teorik ve tarihsel bağlamın sağladığı alt yapıya dayanılarak seçme eserler üzerinde yapılan analizlerle belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, özel olarak polimodal kromatizmin incelendiği, eserlerdeki modal merkezlerin ve kombinasyonların belirlendiği, kullanılan modal kaynakların halk müziğiyle bağlantılarının tespit edildiği; ortaya çıkan dilin politonalite ve 12 ton sistemi gibi modernist dillere kıyasla ayırt edici özelliklerinin tartışıldığı bir çalışma olması bakımından önemlidir

    BRICS+T'de ekonomik büyüme ve balıkçılık biyokapasitesi: Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi analizi

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    This study evaluates the robustness of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis by examining the association between economic growth and fisheries biocapacity in BRICS+T countries, namely Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Türkiye. Panel bootstrap causality test is utilized to evaluate the causal relationship between the variables using data covering the period 1992-2022. The results show that the EKC hypothesis is held for Russia, South Africa and Türkiye and that economic growth initially causes to a decrease in fisheries biocapacity, but after a certain threshold, biocapacity recovers. In contrast, the EKC hypothesis is not supported for Brazil, China and India. These findings necessitate governments to take policy measures to promote environmental sustainability.Bu çalışma, Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye'den oluşan BRICS+T ülkelerinde ekonomik büyüme ve balıkçılık biyokapasitesi arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyerek Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC) hipotezinin sağlamlığını değerlendirmektedir. Panel bootstrap nedensellik testi, 1992-2022 dönemini kapsayan veriler kullanılarak değişkenler arasındaki nedensel ilişkiyi değerlendirmek için kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, EKC hipotezinin Rusya, Güney Afrika ve Türkiye için geçerli olduğunu ve ekonomik büyümenin başlangıçta balıkçılık biyokapasitesinde bir düşüşe neden olduğunu, ancak belirli bir eşikten sonra biyokapasitenin iyileştiğini göstermektedir. Buna karşılık, EKC hipotezi Brezilya, Çin ve Hindistan için desteklenmemektedir. Bu bulgular, hükümetlerin çevresel sürdürülebilirliği teşvik etmek için politika önlemleri almasını gerektirmektedir

    Farklı stoma direncine sahip dört hibrit mısır çeşitinde kuraklık stresinin verim ve tane bileşimi üzerine etkisi

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    Objective: This study aimed to evaluate transpiration and its effects on grain quality in some maize hybrids under drought stress conditions. Material and Methods: The experiment was conducted using three irrigation levels-60 mm (control), 90 mm (moderate drought stress), and 120 mm (severe drought stress) of evaporation from a class A pan-applied to four maize hybrids: KSC 703, KSC 704, KSC 705, and KSC 706. This study was set up with three replications, carried out at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj, Iran during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons. Results: The results indicated that under drought stress conditions, the levels of crude fiber and ash increased, while starch content decreased. The KSC 706 hybrid exhibited the lowest stomatal resistance and canopy temperature, and the highest grain starch content, averaging 64.84%. These findings suggest that increased stomatal opening and transpiration are associated with improved maize grain quality. Conclusion: Based on the findings, in regions where irrigation water is available and a higher starch content in grain is a priority, the KSC 706 hybrid is recommended.Amaç: Bu çalışma, kuraklık stresi koşullarında bazı hibrit mısır çeşitlerinde transpirasyonu ve bunun tane kalitesine etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür.. Materyal ve Yöntem: Araştırma, dört farklı hibrit mısır çeşiti (KSC 703, KSC 704, KSC 705 ve KSC 706) kullanılarak, A sınıfı buharlaşma kabından uygulanan üç farklı sulama düzeyinde — 60 mm (kontrol), 90 mm (orta düzey kuraklık stresi) ve 120 mm (şiddetli kuraklık stresi) — yürütülmüştür. Deneme, İran’ın Karaj kentinde yer alan Tohum ve Bitki Islahı Enstitüsü (SPII)'nde 2015 ve 2016 yetiştirme sezonlarında üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırma Bulguları: Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kuraklık stresi koşullarında ham selüloz ve kül içeriği artarken, nişasta oranı azalmıştır. KSC 706 melezi, en düşük stoma direnci ve kanopi sıcaklığı ile birlikte ortalama %64,84 ile en yüksek tane nişasta içeriğini göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, artan stoma açıklığı ve terlemenin, mısır tanelerinde kaliteyi artırıcı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç: Araştırma bulgularına göre, sulama suyunun temin edilebilir olduğu ve yüksek tane nişasta içeriğinin öncelikli hedeflendiği bölgelerde, KSC 706 hibrit mısır çeşiti önerilmektedi

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