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Yeni bir antimikrobiyal olan lefamulinin klinik Streptococcus pneumoniae ve metilisin dirençli Staphylococcus aureus izolatları üzerine etkinliğinin diğer antibiyotikler ile karşılaştırılması
No full textToplum kökenli pnömoni (TKP), antibiyotik tedavisine rağmen dünya genelinde hastaneye yatışın ve ölümlerin en önemli nedenlerinden biridir. Streptococcus pneumoniae ve metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), TKP'de yaygın olarak izole edilen bakteriyel patojenlerdir. Lefamulin pleuromutilin grubunun bir üyesidir. Yakın zamanda TKP tedavisi için geliştirilmiş, Avrupa ve ABD'de tıbbi kullanım için onaylanmıştır. Ancak henüz Türkiye'de kullanılmamaktadır. Ülkemizde lefamulinin MRSA ve S. pneumoniae izolatlarına karşı etkinliğini araştıran bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada lefamulinin klinik S. pneumoniae ve MRSA izolatlarına karşı antibakteriyel ve antibiyofilm etkinliğinin belirlenmesi ve diğer antibiyotikler ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Tez çalışmasında Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı Bakteriyoloji laboratuvarından izole edilen klinik S. pneumoniae (n:40) ve MRSA izolatları (n:40) kullanılmıştır. İzolatların antibiyotik duyarlılıkları VITEK 2 Compact otomatize sistemi ile belirlenmiştir. Lefamulinin izolatlara karşı aktivitesi EUCAST kılavuzuna uygun olarak sıvı mikrodilüsyon yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Lefamulinin MRSA ve S. pneumoniae izolatlarının biyofilm oluşturma kapasitesi üzerine etkisi minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) altı değerlerde (MİK/2, MİK/4) kristal viyole yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Lefamulinin antibakteriyel etkinliği incelendiğinde; 39 S. pneumoniae izolatının duyarlı (≤0,5 mg/L (n:29)), 1 izolatın dirençli (>0,5 mg/L) olduğu görülmüştür. MRSA kökenlerinde lefamulin etkinliği değerlendirildiğinde, 38 MRSA izolatı lefamuline duyarlı (≤0,25 mg/L.), 2 izolat ise lefamuline dirençli bulunmuştur (>0,25 mg/L). Lefamulinin MİK/2 konsantrasyonda 21 klinik MRSA izolatının biyofilm oluşumunu azalttığı belirlenmiştir. MİK/4 konsantrasyonda ise 17 MRSA izolatının biyofilm oluşumunda azalma ve görülmüştür. Lefamulinin S. pneumoniae izolatlarının biyofilm oluşumu üzerine etkisi incelendiğinde MİK/2 konsantrasyonda, lefamulin 4 izolatın biyofilm oluşumunu azaltırken, 4 izolatta ise biyofilm oluşumunu indüklemiştir. MİK/4 konsantrasyonda ise 2 izolatın biyofilm oluşumunu azaltırken, 2 izolatta biyofilm oluşumunu indüklemiştir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgular, Türkiye'de MRSA ve S. pneumoniae izolatları üzerine lefamulinin etkinliğini gösteren ilk veriler olması açısından önemlidir. Lefamulinin etkinliği ile ilgili çalışmaların artması sonucu ulusal sürveyans verilerimiz ortaya çıkacaktır. Ayrıca, literatürde lefamulinin anti-biyofilm aktivitesini araştıran bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmamız lefamulinin anti-biyofilm aktivitesine dair ilk verileri sunmaktadır.Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains one of the leading causes of hospitalization and mortality worldwide despite antibiotic treatment. Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are the most commonly isolated bacterial pathogens in CAP. Lefamulin, a member of the pleuromutilin class, has recently been developed for the treatment of CAP and has been approved for medical use in Europe and the United States. However, it has not yet been introduced in Turkey. To date, no study has investigated the efficacy of lefamulin against MRSA and S. pneumoniae isolates in Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of lefamulin against clinical S. pneumoniae and MRSA isolates. In this thesis, clinical S. pneumoniae (n=40) and MRSA isolates (n=40) were obtained from the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the VITEK 2 Compact automated system. The activity of lefamulin against the isolates was assessed using the broth microdilution method in accordance with the EUCAST guidelines. The effect of lefamulin on biofilm formation by MRSA and S. pneumoniae isolates at sub-MIC concentrations (MIC/2 and MIC/4) was evaluated using the crystal violet assay. When the antibacterial activity of lefamulin was examined, 39 S. pneumoniae isolates were found to be susceptible (≤0,5 mg/L, n=29), while one isolate was resistant (>0,5 mg/L). For MRSA isolates, 38 were susceptible to lefamulin (≤0.25 mg/L), while two isolates were resistant (>0,25 mg/L). At the MIC/2 concentration, lefamulin reduced biofilm formation in 21 MRSA isolates and altered their biofilm-forming capacity. At the MIC/4 concentration, a reduction in biofilm formation and a change in biofilm-forming capacity were observed in 17 MRSA isolates. When the effect of lefamulin on biofilm formation by S. pneumoniae isolates was evaluated, MIC/2 concentrations reduced biofilm formation in 4 isolates, whereas it induced biofilm formation in another 4 isolates. At the MIC/4 concentration, lefamulin reduced biofilm formation in 2 isolates, while inducing biofilm formation in 2 other isolates. The presence of lefamulin-resistant MRSA and S. pneumoniae isolates in Turkey is significant for national surveillance data. Furthermore, there are no studies in the literature investigating the anti-biofilm activity of lefamulin. Our study provides the first data on the anti-biofilm activity of lefamulin, contributing valuable insights to the existing body of knowledge
Phytoremediation potential and ecophysiological features of water hyacinth Eichornia crassipes: a case study from Orontes River, Türkiye
No full textThe pollution of freshwater resources has become a critical global issue due to intensive and unregulated agricultural practices, rapid urbanization, and industrial expansion along waterways. Phytoremediation, which involves using aquatic macrophytes to remove contaminants from water, is recognized as an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective remediation strategy. This study investigates the phytoremediation capacity of Eichhornia crassipes in reducing heavy metal contamination in the transboundary Orontes (Asi) River within T & uuml;rkiye's borders. The Asi River, spanning 571 km from Lebanon through Syria to the Mediterranean Sea in Hatay, T & uuml;rkiye, is severely affected by heavy metal pollution, primarily due to agricultural activities. The study assessed the bioaccumulation potential of E. crassipes, which grows abundantly in the river, focusing on metal accumulation in its petioles. The concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, and lead in petioles were quantified at 6.69, 23.50, 29.77, and 65.25 mg kg-1, respectively, while the maximum concentrations of these metals in the aquatic habitat were 76.57, 303.26, 693.58, and 106.19 mu g L-1, respectively. The effectiveness of phytoremediation can be further enhanced through genetic modification, microbial stimulation, and chemical or natural amendments. These findings illustrate the significant potential of E. crassipes for heavy metal remediation in natural water bodies, contributing to ecosystem conservation, species sustainability, and biodiversity protection
Study Groupoids by Sheffer stroke
No full textIn this study, we study groupoids by Sheffer stroke. By defining subgroupoids and ideals of a groupoid with Sheffer stroke, it is proved that every ideal of a groupoid with Sheffer stroke is a subgroupoid but the converse is generally not true. Also, a congruence relation is described on the groupoid by means of ideals, and a quotient groupoid with Sheffer stroke is constructed via this congruence. Finally, relationships between Sheffer stroke algebras and this groupoid are presented. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Histopathological Evaluation of Bipolar and Microneedle Radiofrequency Energy on the Skin and Fat of the Abdominal Region of the Rat
No full textBackground:Radiofrequency-based devices are used frequently in plastic surgery procedures. In the current literature, no comparative experimental study has demonstrated the histologic and immunologic effects of these devices, which are used frequently in the facial area. In this study, the authors investigated the histologic and immunologic effects of bipolar radiofrequency (BodyTite) and microneedle radiofrequency (Morpheus 8) devices in the rat abdominal region.Methods:A total of 24 rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into 4 groups: controls (group 1), BodyTite applied to the abdominal region (group 2), Morpheus 8 applied to the abdominal region (group 3), and both Morpheus 8 and BodyTite applied to the abdominal region (group 4). The histologic and immunologic features of the tissues, collagen formation, and desmosome structures were examined using light microscopy.Results:Collagens in group 2 were thinner than those in the other groups. In addition, there were fewer vessels in group 3. The collagen scores were as follows: group 2, 1.5; group 3, 2; and group 4, 3. Vascular endothelial growth factor scores were 2.5 in group 2, 2 in group 3, and 3 in group 4. The collagen score in group 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor score in group 3 were significantly lower than in the other groups. In addition, the bonds between desmosomes in group 3 were found to be looser using electron microscopy. Collagen morphology in groups 3 and 4 was found to be similar to that in group 1.Conclusion:Radiofrequency-based devices increased tissue regeneration and healing.Clinical Relevance Statement:The use of radiofrequency devices has increased in plastic surgery practice over the past 2 decades, particularly emerging as a unique alternative for nonsurgical candidates. There is a lack of experimental studies concerning these devices, which are commonly used in clinical practice
R. Charles Weller (2023). Pre-Islamic Survivals’ in Muslim Central Asia: Tsarist, Soviet and Post-Soviet Ethnography in World Historical Perspective
No full textTarihsel-kültürel "kalıntılar" (survivals) kavramının entelektüel kökenlerini ve dönüşümünü inceleyen bu eser, Çarlık ve Sovyet etnografisinin Orta Asya’daki Müslüman topluluklara yönelik yaklaşımını eleştirel bir çerçevede değerlendirir. Yahudi, Hristiyan ve Müslüman geleneklerden Aydınlanma ve Romantizme, oradan da postkolonyal tarih yazımına uzanan geniş bir yelpazede senkretizm, dönüşüm ve kimlik meselelerini tartışır.This volume traces the intellectual genealogy of the concept of cultural "survivals" and examines its role in shaping Tsarist and Soviet ethnographic approaches to Muslim communities in Central Asia. Drawing on Jewish, Christian, and Islamic traditions, as well as Enlightenment and Romanticist thought, it explores themes of syncretism, conversion, and identity within the broader context of postcolonial historiographical debates
Microfluidics Based Particle and Droplet Generation for Gene and Drug Delivery Approaches
No full textMicrofluidics-based droplets have emerged as a powerful technology for biomedical research, offering precise control over droplet size and structure, optimal mixing of solutions, and prevention of cross-contamination. It is a major branch of microfluidic technology with applications in diagnostic testing, imaging, separation, and gene amplification. This review discusses the different aspects of microfluidic devices, droplet generation techniques, droplet types, and the production of micro/nano particles, along with their advantages and limitations. Passive and active methods for droplet formation are discussed, as well as the manipulation of droplet shape and content. This review also highlights the potential applications of droplet microfluidics in tissue engineering, cancer therapy, and drug delivery systems. The use of microfluidics in the production of lipid nanoparticles and polymeric microparticles is also presented, with emphasis on their potential in drug delivery and biomedical research. Finally, the contributions of microfluidics to vaccines, gene therapy, personalized medicine, and future perspectives are discussed, emphasizing the need for continuous innovation and integration with other technologies, such as AI and wearable devices, to further enhance its potential in personalized medicine and drug delivery. However, it is also noted that challenges in commercialization and widespread adoption still need to be addressed.The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [SBAG-123S755, SBAG-123S937]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyThis work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Grant numbers: SBAG-123S755 and SBAG-123S937)
Preparation and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of new gallic acid loaded poloxamer/sodium alginate based thermoresponsive and bioadhesive in situ gels for wound treatment
No full textIn this study, Poloxamer based in situ gels were developed and characterized to formulate a successful dressing and to give a new impulse to wound treatment. These gels were formulated with 2 % Gallic acid (GA), using Poloxamer 407 (P407), Poloxamer 188 (P188), and sodium alginate with cold method in various concentrations to develop thermoresponsive and bioadhesive gels utilizing the healing effect of GA. The in situ gels with the suitable gelation temperature were selected for further studies. They underwent a thorough evaluation, including clarity, gelling capacity, pH, drug content, viscosity, spreadability, mechanical properties, bioadhesion, and in vitro release studies. Notably, the F8 (20 % P407, 5 % P188, 1 % sodium alginate) demonstrated the highest adhesiveness (37.22 ± 8.65 g s) value in mechanical examination, which is one of the most important factors of bioadhesive formulations, corresponding required strength as well as preventing leakage at the same time. It was also supported by ex vivo bioadhesion (0.23 ± 0.29 N) results among the formulations. The in vitro release studies revealed that each formulation was capable of releasing GA up to 100 % within 4 h. Following these results, further ex vivo permeation, penetration studies, and biological assays were examined. F8 stood out, showing superior performance in wound healing, nitric oxide (NO) measurement, analgesic activity, and IL-6 release, all while displaying no cytotoxic effects. In vivo experiments further confirmed the efficacy of GA loaded in situ gels, showing the lowest inflammatory cell concentration, the thickest granulation tissue, the highest level of epidermal regeneration, and the densest collagen and new vessel formation compared to other groups. These findings suggest that new in situ gels hold great promise for safe and effective wound treatment. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Exploring miR-30b Methylation and MALAT-1 Expression as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
No full textBackground: Aberrant methylation and expression of various noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), confer a great potential as tumor markers. This study aimed to investigate miR-30b DNA methylation and metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1) expression patterns as potential diagnostic biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Method: In this cross-sectional study, miR-30b DNA methylation and MALAT-1 expression patterns were first explored using microarray data retrieved from the NSCLC dataset in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUNG. Then, the obtained results were further validated in internal samples. Subsequently, genomic DNA was extracted and modified by sodium bisulfite to determine DNA methylation using q-MSP. Total RNA was extracted and transcribed to cDNA to measure transcription level by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. GraphPad 6 Prism v.8 was used to perform the statistical analyses. Comparisons between groups in internal samples were conducted by paired student's t-test, while Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze TCGA-LUNG data (P < 0.05). Results: Our results indicated miR-30b hypermethylation, miR-30b downregulation and lncRNA MALAT-1 overexpression in NSCLC tumor samples compared with marginal normal samples. These changes were significantly associated with the stage of malignancy like lymph node metastasis. Also, using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, MALAT-1 expression, and miR-30b methylation and expression patterns were found as possible diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC (area under the curve was 0.70, 0.67, and 0.74, respectively). Conclusion: We found involvement of miR-30b hypermethylation and downregulation as well as lncRNA MALAT-1 overexpression with tumor outcomes of NSCLC patients.Department of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, University Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranThis study was supported by a grant from research deputy of Department of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, University Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Bioinformatics Analysis of IGSF9B Gene in Patients Diagnosed with Colorectal Carcinoma
No full textCell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are involved in many cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and have the potential to be diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for malignancies. This study aimed to investigate the role of the IGSF9B gene, a CAM, in colorectal carcinoma via bioinformatics databases. GEPIA2 was used for gene expression analysis, UALCAN for methylation analysis, Kaplan-Meier Plotter for prognosis analysis, cBio Cancer Genomics Portal for gene alteration analysis, and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource databases were used for correlation analyses. In colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) cohorts, IGSF9B gene expression was decreased compared to normal samples (p< 0.05). Hypermethylation was observed in the IGSF9B gene promoter region in the COAD cohort (p< 10(-12)) ) and hypomethylation was observed in the READ cohort (p= 5.58x10(-5)). IGSF9B gene changes were observed in 36 out of 526 patients (7%). In COAD there was a signif icant weak positive correlation between IGSF9B gene expression and CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells infiltrations. In READ there was a signif icant weak positive correlation between IGSF9B gene expression and CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells infiltration. Low IGSF9B gene expression levels were associated with longer OS (p= 0.0079) and RFS (1.8x10(-6)). Low expression of IGSF9B gene may be a positive prognostic marker in colorectal cancer patients. Also, alterations in IGSF9B gene may be effective in colorectal carcinogenesis
GDO (Genetiği Değiştirilmiş Organizma) tayininde optimum DNA izolasyonu için yem numunelerinin hazırlık aşamasında kullanılacak kemometrik yaklaşım
Full text linkBitkisel ürünlerin GDO içeriği tespitinde, DNA temelli yöntem yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. DNA elde etmek üzere çeşitli izolasyon protokolleri mevcut olup, bu protokollerde modifikasyonlar gerekebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; yem sınıfından olan soya proteini konsantrelerinde, Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) yöntemi ile DNA izolasyonunda yapılacak modifikasyonlar ile polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) aşamasında kullanılacak uygun saflıkta ve verimli DNA elde etmektir. Yapılacak modifikasyonda parametrelerin, istatistiksel ve kemometrik yaklaşımla değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda soya proteini konsantresinden, Modifiye Edilmiş CTAB Yöntemi ile DNA izolasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. CTAB metodu uygulanması ucuz bir yöntemdir. Ayrıca bu yöntem laboratuvar kimyasallarının kolay bulunabilirliği nedeniyle birçok laboratuvarda tercih edilmektedir. Dolayısıyla ekonomik, güvenilir ve modifikasyona açık olması sebebiyle bu çalışmada tercih edilmiştir. CTAB Metodunda Plackett-Burman tasarımına göre 16 adet analiz yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerin regresyon sonuçlarına göre DNA saflığına en çok etki eden 3 parametre belirlenmiştir. Her bir faktörün optimum koşullarının bulunması için, 2 seviyeli 3 faktörlü merkezi kompozit tasarım tablosu hazırlanarak bu tablodaki değerlere göre analizler yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, optimum y saflık değerine (max: 2, min: 1.60 ve hedef: 1,80) ulaşabilmek için CTAB çökeltme çözeltisinin 3,59 kat; NaCl miktarının 367,7 μl ve örnek miktarının ise 468,2 mg olması gerekmektedir. MINITAB programına göre hesaplanan veriler ile yapılan analiz sonuçlarının tutarlı olduğu; sonuçların minimum değer olan (1,60), hedeflenen (1,80) ve maksimum (2,00) değer aralığında olduğu görülmüştür.DNA-based method is widely used in determining the GMO content of plant products. Various isolation protocols are available to obtain DNA, and modifications may be required in these protocols. The goal of this study; to obtain DNA of suitable quality and efficiency for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) stage with the modifications to be made in DNA isolation using the Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) method in feed class soy protein concentrates. In the modification to be made, it is aimed to evaluate the parameters with a statistical and chemometric approach. In this context, DNA isolation was carried out from soy protein concentrate with the Modified CTAB Method. The CTAB method is an inexpensive method to implement. Additionally, this method is preferred in many laboratories due to the easy availability of laboratory chemicals. Therefore it was preferred, because it is economical, trustworthy, open to modification. In the CTAB Method, 16 analyzes were performed according to the Plackett-Burman design. According to the regression results of the analyses, the 3 parameters that most affect DNA purity were determined. So as to, reach to the optimum conditions for each factor, a 2-level, 3-factor central composite design table was prepared and analyzes were made according to the values in this table. As a result, in order to reach the optimum y purity value (max: 2, min: 1.60 and target: 1.80), the CTAB precipitation solution should be 3.59 times; The amount of NaCl should be 367.7 μl and the sample amount should be 468.2 mg. The data calculated according to the MINITAB program and the analysis results are consistent; It was observed that the results were within the range of the minimum value (1.60), the target (1.80) and the maximum value (2.00)