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Prediction of enteric methane emissions by sheep using an intercontinental database.
No full textEnteric methane (CH4) emissions from sheep contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions from livestock. However, as already available for dairy and beef cattle, empirical models are needed to predict CH4 emissions from sheep for accounting purposes. The objectives of this study were to: 1) collate an intercontinental database of enteric CH4 emissions from individual sheep; 2) identify the key variables for predicting enteric sheep CH4 absolute production (g/d per animal) and yield [g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)] and their respective relationships; and 3) develop and cross-validate global equations as well as the potential need for age-, diet-, or climatic region-specific equations. The refined intercontinental database included 2,135 individual animal data from 13 countries. Linear CH4 prediction models were developed by incrementally adding variables. A universal CH4 production equation using only DMI led to a root mean square prediction error (RMSPE, % of observed mean) of 25.4% and an RMSPE-standard deviation ratio (RSR) of 0.69. Universal equations that, in addition to DMI, also included body weight (DMI + BW), and organic matter digestibility (DMI + OMD + BW) improved the prediction performance further (RSR, 0.62 and 0.60), whereas diet composition variables had negligible effects. These universal equations had lower prediction error than the extant IPCC 2019 equations. Developing age-specific models for adult sheep (>1-year-old) including DMI alone (RSR = 0.66) or in combination with rumen propionate molar proportion (for research of more refined purposes) substantially improved prediction performance (RSR = 0.57) on a smaller dataset. On the contrary, for young sheep (<1-year-old), the universal models could be applied, instead of age-specific models, if DMI and BW were included. Universal models showed similar prediction performances to the diet- and region-specific models. However, optimal prediction equations led to different regression coefficients (i.e. intercepts and slopes) for universal, age-specific, diet-specific, and region-specific models with predictive implications. Equations for CH4 yield led to low prediction performances, with DMI being negatively and BW and OMD positively correlated with CH4 yield. In conclusion, predicting sheep CH4 production requires information on DMI and prediction accuracy will improve national and global inventories if separate equations for young and adult sheep are used with the additional variables BW, OMD and rumen propionate proportion. Appropriate universal equations can be used to predict CH4 production from sheep across different diets and climatic conditions. © 2022 The Author
Mejora en eficiencia de conversión: oportunidades a través de la genómica.
No full textDesde hace 30 años los criadores Hereford tienen disponibles las estimaciones de mérito genético (EPD, diferencias esperadas en la progenie) como herramienta objetiva para la selección de los reproductores por características que tienen impacto económico en los sistemas de producción, como lo son los pesos en distintos momentos de la vida del animal, características maternales, atributos carniceros e índices económicos. La eficiencia de conversión del alimento (EfC) es una característica de alta relevancia económica ya que permite reducir el consumo de alimento, manteniendo el desempeño productivo. Su inclusión en los programas de mejora estuvo relegada por la dificultad y los altos costos de medición que impedían que fuera instrumentada a nivel comercial. Para superar esta limitante y hacer viable la selección genética por EfC, la Sociedad de Criadores de Hereford junto a INIA y varias instituciones llevaron a cabo un proyecto con el fin de construir una población de entrenamiento para aplicar selección genómica para EfC, lo que ha permitido hoy en día contar con EPD genómicos para esta característica
Genomic regions associated with wool, growth and reproduction traits in Uruguayan Merino Sheep.
No full textThe aim of this study was to identify genomic regions and genes associated with the fiber diameter (FD), clean fleece weight (CFW), live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), pregnancy rate (PR) and lambing potential (LP) of Uruguayan Merino sheep. Phenotypic records of approximately 2000 mixed-age ewes were obtained from a Merino nucleus flock. Genome-wide association studies were performed utilizing single-step Bayesian analysis. For wool traits, a total of 35 genomic windows surpassed the significance threshold (PVE > 0.25%). The proportion of the total additive genetic variance explained by those windows was 4.85 and 9.06% for FD and CFW, respectively. There were 42 windows significantly associated with LWM, which collectively explained 43.2% of the additive genetic variance. For BCS, 22 relevant windows accounted for more than 40% of the additive genetic variance, whereas for the reproduction traits, 53 genomic windows (24 and 29 for PR and LP, respectively) reached the suggestive threshold of 0.25% of the PVE. Within the top 10 windows for each trait, we identified several genes showing potential associations with the wool (e.g., IGF-1, TGFB2R, PRKCA), live weight (e.g., CAST, LAP3, MED28, HERC6), body condition score (e.g., CDH10, TMC2, SIRPA, CPXM1) or reproduction traits (e.g., ADCY1, LEPR, GHR, LPAR2) of the mixed-age ewes. Copyright: © 2023 by the author
Inorganic contaminants (As, Cd, Pb) in peeled and whole potatoes and sweet potatoes. [Contaminantes inorgánicos (As, Cd, Pb) en papas y boniatos pelados y enteros]. [Contaminantes inorgânicos (As, Cd, Pb) em batatas e batatas-doces descascadas e inteiras]
No full textABSTRACT.- Vegetables are a rich source of macro and micronutrients. Particularly, potatoes and sweet potatoes are widely consumed and are two of the most important food crops in the world. Therefore, contamination of these products due to their content of inorganic contaminants is of great concern. Considering the healthy trend of consuming these tubers and roots with their skins, which are rich in fiber and other nutrients, analysis of the whole product could provide valuable information in relation to their food safety. Therefore, the presence of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in peeled and whole potatoes and sweet potatoes was studied. To do so, analytical methods were optimized and validated according to the Association of Official Analytical Collaboration International (AOAC) requirements for food analysis. Although the content of As, Cd and Pb was in most cases more than three times below the maximum allowed levels for these contaminants, the presence of Cd was detected in the samples of whole sweet potato but not in the peeled ones. The same behavior was observed for Pb in most of the sweet potato samples analyzed. This information points to the need to generate information on the whole root and tuber contaminants content, and to have analytical methods available to gather data on the occurrence of these contaminants in the whole vegetable in order to perform their risk assessment according to the consumption habits. .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.--.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.- RESUMEN.- Los vegetales son una fuente rica en macro y micronutrientes. En particular, la papa y el boniato se consumen amplia-mente, siendo de los cultivos más importantes a nivel mundial. Por tanto, la contaminación de estos productos debido a la presencia de contaminantes inorgánicos es de gran preocupación. Considerando la creciente tendencia de consumo saludable de estos tubérculos y raíces con su cáscara, rica en fibra y otros nutrientes, el análisis del alimento entero podría brindar información valiosa con relación a su seguridad. Debido a esto, se estudió la presencia de As, Cd y Pb en papas y boniatos pelados y enteros. Para ello, se optimizaron y validaron métodos analíticos según los requerimientos de la Association of Official Analytical Collaboration International (AOAC) para análisis de alimentos. A pesar de que el contenido de arsénico (As), cadmio (Cd) y plomo (Pb) fue en la mayoría de los casos menor a un tercio de los valores máximos permitidos para estos contaminantes, la presencia de Cd se detectó en todos los boniatos enteros y no así en los pelados. El mismo comportamiento se observó para la presencia de Pb en la mayoría de las muestras de boniato analizadas. Esto señala la necesidad de generar información sobre el contenido de estos contaminantes en el alimento entero y disponer de metodologías analíticas para ello, de manera de poder realizar una evaluación de riesgo de acuerdo con los hábitos de consumo. .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.--.-.-.-.-.-.- RESUMO.- Os vegetais são uma rica fonte de macro e micronutrientes. Particularmente a batata e a batata-doce são amplamente consumidas sendo uma das culturas alimentares mais importantes do mundo. Portanto, a contaminação desses produtos pelo conteúdo de contaminantes inorgânicos é preocupante. Considerando a tendência de consumo saudável desses tubérculos e raízes com suas cascas, ricas em fibras e outros nutrientes, a análise do conjunto poderia fornecer informações valiosas em relação à sua segurança. Portanto, a presença de arsênico (As), cádmio (Cd) e chumbo (Pb) em batatas descascadas e inteiras e batata-doce foi estudada. Assim, os métodos analíticos foram otimizados e validados de acordo com os requisitos da Association of Official Analytical Colla-boration International (AOAC) para análise de alimentos. Embora o teor de As, Cd e Pb estivesse na maioria dos casos mais de três vezes abaixo dos níveis máximos permitidos estabelecidos para esses contaminantes, a presença de Cd foi detectada em todas amostras de batata-doce inteira, mas não nas descascadas. O mesmo comportamento ocorre para a presença de Pb na maioria das amostras de batata-doce analisadas. Esta informação aponta para a necessidade de gerar informação de todo o teor de contaminantes radiculares, dispor de métodos analíticos para recolher dados sobre a ocorrência destes contaminantes em toda a hortaliça realizando a sua avaliação de risco de acordo com os hábitos de consumo. Copyright (c) 2023 Agrociencia Urugua
Meeting the challenges facing wheat production: the strategic research agenda of the Global Wheat Initiative.
No full textABSTRACT.- Wheat occupies a special role in global food security since, in addition to providing 20% of our carbohydrates and protein, almost 25% of the global production is traded internationally. The importance of wheat for food security was recognised by the Chief Agricultural Scientists of the G20 group of countries when they endorsed the establishment of the Wheat Initiative in 2011. The Wheat Initiative was tasked with supporting the wheat research community by facilitating collaboration, information and resource sharing and helping to build the capacity to address challenges facing production in an increasingly variable environment. Many countries invest in wheat research. Innovations in wheat breeding and agronomy have delivered enormous gains over the past few decades, with the average global yield increasing from just over 1 tonne per hectare in the early 1960s to around 3.5 tonnes in the past decade. These gains are threatened by climate change, the rapidly rising financial and environmental costs of fertilizer, and pesticides, combined with declines in water availability for irrigation in many regions. The international wheat research community has worked to identify major opportunities to help ensure that global wheat production can meet demand. The outcomes of these discussions are presented in this paper. © 2022 by the authors
O4. Manejo integrado de Amaranthus spp. con utilización de cultivos de cobertura asociados a estrategias herbicidas. [Presentación oral].
No full textLa ocurrencia de poblaciones de Amaranthus spp. (Yuyos colorado=YC) con resistencias múltiples (glifosato + diclosulam), al reducir las opciones de control químico disponibles, se han tornado una amenaza a la sostenibilidad de los sistemas agrícolas del Uruguay. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar en condiciones de campo el control de Amaranthus spp. resistente a glifosato y diclosulam con el uso de cultivos de cobertura (CC) asociados con diferentes estrategias de herbicidas pre y post-emergentes
Biotecnología de precisión para el control de la mosca de la bichera: primeros avances en Uruguay.
No full textEn la Plataforma de Salud Animal en INIA La Estanzuela, investigadores de la Unidad Mixta Pasteur e INIA (UMPI) están usando CRISPR/Cas9 para editar el genoma de la mosca de la bichera y lograr un linaje que pueda ser usado para reducir su población silvestre en Uruguay
Impact of aging methods and frozen storage on beef quality attributes from different finishing diets.
No full textABSTRACT.- The effects of finishing diet (pasture or grain) and meat preservation method on beef's physicochemical, micro- biological, and sensory attributes were evaluated. The preservation methods assessed were dry aging in bag (DAb) and wet aging (WA) for 40 d, and then frozen storage (Fr) ([DAb + Fr] and [WA + Fr]) for 180 d. Sixty striploins (Longissimus lumborum) from British breed steers (n = 15 from pasture and n = 15 from grain-based diet) were used. © 2024 Correa, et al
Proyectos de investigación y desarrollo a nivel nacional y cooperación pública-privada.
No full textCONTENIDO: Contexto: Inversión I+D en agrícola (fitomejoramiento). -- I+D en el sector público - fitomejoramiento. -- Asociaciones público-privadas (PPP). -- Mejoramiento genético en INIA. -- Red Nacional de Biotecnología Agrícola. -- Las plataformas. -- Líneas de investigación desarrolladas - Edición génica (CRISPR/Cas9). -- FONTAGRO. Edición génica para mejoramiento en especies vegetales y animales. -
Uso y manejo del microbioma para el desarrollo de bioinsumos de uso agrícola. (Capítulo 13).
No full textEl uso intensivo del recurso suelo en la producción agropecuaria y la utilización creciente de agroquímicos plantean una amenaza a la sostenibilidad de los agroecosistemas. ---- 1. La sostenibilidad de los agroecosistemas bajo el concepto de una sola salud. -- 2. El microbioma y las funciones ecosistémicas con foco enla protección y nutrición vegetal. -- 3. Estrategia de investigación en el desarrollo de tecnologías y productos basados en microorganismos benéficos. -- 3.1. Colección de cepas microbianas de la Plataforma de Bioinsumos del INIA. -- 3.2. Programa activo de selección de cepas de elite. -- 4. Principales contribuciones del manejo del microbioma y los bioinsumos a las transiciones agroecológicas. -