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Reporte de Aristas 17. ¿Qué factores contribuyen a que algunos centros de educación primaria tengan mejores desempeños que los esperados?
Get PDFEste reporte identifica y analiza las características de las escuelas con logros en matemática y lectura en sexto año superiores a los esperados. El análisis sigue la misma metodología utilizada en el reporte 9 de Aristas, pero en esta ocasión se basa en los datos de Aristas Primaria 2023 e incorpora la aplicación de
una metodología cualitativa. Esta consiste en la realización de entrevistas a directores y maestros de sexto de centros con logros mejores y peores a los esperados, que participaron tanto en Aristas Primaria 2020 como en la aplicación de 2023, para indagar con mayor profundidad y fortalecer las hipótesis sobre los factores que diferencian a los que presentan logros mejores a los esperados
RAICES, cómo se nutren, comunican y crecen
No full textEl material didáctico pretende acercar a los niños y niñas al mundo de la biología de las plantas, dándoles una base científica a ciertos procesos que suceden en las plantas para comunicarse con el ambiente que las rodea. Se trata de un texto con información y actividades prácticas al alcance de alumnos de edad escolar y con un foco en generar curiosidad y entusiasmo por la biología de las plantas.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació
Nitrogen effect on fruit quality and yield of muskmelon and sweet pepper cultivars.
No full textABSTRACT.- Yield and fruit quality are two of the most important parameters for the profitability of vegetable crops. In commercial vegetable production, nitrogen (N) is commonly applied in excess, which is associated with nitrate (NO3−) leaching loss. In addition, excess N application may affect yield and fruit quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of N applications of very deficient N (N1, 2 mmol L−1), deficient N (N2, 8 mmol L−1), and conventional N (N3, 14 mmol L−1), according to local fertigation practices, in soil-grown muskmelon and sweet pepper crops in Almeria, South-Eastern Spain. The evaluation was conducted in three cultivars of each species. The yield and the fruit quality parameters of firmness, colour, total soluble solids (TSS) and morphometric variables were evaluated in two years for each species. For most parameters in both species, the effects of N, when significant, occurred regardless of cultivar. In muskmelon and sweet pepper, application of 8.2 mmol N L−1 (i.e., N2) was sufficient to achieve a maximum yield of 6.7 and 7.4 kg m−2, respectively. In muskmelon, very deficient N application led to an increase of 58% in the percentage of fruit discarded, mostly due to malformed and undersized fruits. Fruit firmness and red?green axis coordinate (a*) were not consistently affected by N in any of the crops. However, the fruit lightness (L*) increased with N addition in both species, likely because of increased chlorophyll pigments. With N addition, fruit TSS slightly decreased in muskmelon and slightly increased in sweet pepper. However, fruit TSS of both species were within reference values for commercialisation in the three N treatments. There were differences in yield between cultivars in muskmelon but not in sweet pepper, likely due to differences in fruit number in muskmelon. There were differences between cultivars in TSS and colour a* coordinate in both muskmelon and sweet pepper. Cultivars with higher TSS and a* coordinate will likely be more desirable for consumers because of the sweeter taste and more intense orange colour in muskmelon and reddish colour in sweet pepper. Overall, our manuscript showed that N application can be reduced, relative to the conventional N application, without reducing yield or fruit quality in muskmelon, yet additional studies should be conducted in sweet pepper to complement the results of the 2020 crop. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors
Evaluación de la implementación del Programa Manejo Regional de Lepidópteros Plaga en frutales de hoja caduca en Uruguay.
No full textEste artículo presenta los resultados de la evaluación de cinco temporadas del Programa interinstitucional ?Manejo Regional de Lepidópteros Plaga?, desde la perspectiva de su impacto ambiental y desde la percepción de los participantes. La propuesta innovadora para el sector frutícola nacional permitió reducir el impacto ambiental del uso de insecticidas en manzanos, perales y durazneros y logró una alta adhesión y conformidad por parte de sus usuario
Ciencia, una política de estado con sentido de oportunidad
Get PDFAnte el inminente reordenamiento institucional del sistema de ciencia y tecnología y la definición de políticas al respecto, el investigador Daniel Prieto
remarca aquí cuatro “ideas fuerza” a considerar bajo la premisa de priorizar la inversión en las personas que investigan antes que en ladrillos
Soil health benefits from sequence intensification, fertilization, and no-tillage in annual cropping systems.
No full textThe expansion of annual cropping systems and associated land cover changes may induce soil degradation, compromising the soil's ability to function and provide ecosystem services, also referred to as soil health (SH). Conservation practices may reduce SH decline, yet their benefits are uncertain. The main objectives of this paper were to apply a comprehensive SH assessment framework to evaluate (i) SH differences in natural grasslands and cropping areas, and (ii) how conservation practices lessen SH deterioration. Soils under natural grasslands were compared to cropped soils from three long-term experiments with treatments evaluating the effects of cover crops and/or pastures incorporation; no-tillage; and crop fertilization for Uruguayan Mollisols. Soil chemical (pH, cation exchange capacity, macro, and micro-nutrients), physical (wet aggregate stability, available water holding capacity, penetration resistance), and biological (organic carbon, active carbon, protein, respiration) indicators were measured. SH was significantly lower across all indicators under cropped areas than under natural grasslands, especially when soil fertility is not adequately maintained in cropping systems. Conservation practices lessened SH degradation, particularly soil biological properties, but had confounding benefits. Overall, gains in SH were linked to adequate soil fertility maintenance and longer active plant growth periods associated with including pastures and cover crops in annual cropping systems. /© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd
Evaluación de la heterogeneidad estructural y funcional de los pastizales naturales para su manejo. (Capítulo 12).
No full textLos pastizales del Río de la Plata son una de las áreas más extensas de pastizales templados del planeta. ---- 1. Los pastizales naturales como base de la ganadería extensiva: desafíos desde la perspectiva agronómica, ambiental, social y económica. -- 2. La situación actual. -- 3. Conocimiento y herramientas generados. -- 3.1. Descripción de las comunidades y subcomunidades de los pastizales naturales de Uruguay. -- 3.2. Protocolos de evaluación a campo del estado de cada comunidad. -- 3.3. Definición de estados y fases para cada comunidad. -- 3.4. Generación de hipótesis de las transiciones medianteprocesos de coinnovación. -- 4. Impacto sobre transiciones agroecológicas. -
Effect of corn grain or lupin bean supplementation on performance of growing steers grazing endophyte-infected fescue and on subsequent finishing period.
No full textABSTRACT.- Our objective was to compare performance and carcass characteristics of backgrounding steers grazing poor quality pasture, receiving energy or protein supplements during summer, and on subsequent finishing period. Sixty Hereford steers (14 months; 348+-3 kg body weight [BW]) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to one of three treatments (n = 20 per treatment): control (non-supplemented) and supplemented at 0.8% BW with whole grain of corn (CS) or lupin bean (LS) (phase I; 77 days). Over the following 84 days, none of the steers had access to supplement (phase II). During phases I and II, steers grazed together endophyte-infected tall fescue. In the last phase (phase III; 176 days), and until slaughter, steers grazed lucerne and orchard grass and were supplemented at 0.8% BW with high-moisture sorghum grain. Data were evaluated as a complete block randomized design with three treatments. Intake of supplement in CS and LS groups was 1.9 and 2.4 kg DM/d, respectively. Steers supplemented with lupin showed an improvement in the supplement conversion efficiency (5.7:1 vs. 10.0:1). At the end of phase I, BW and average daily gain were different between groups (LS > CS > control). Final body weight in phase II was greater in supplemented steers than in control steers. At slaughter, supplemented groups had greater hot carcass weight than the control group. The advantage obtained by supplementing steers with lupin, compared with corn, was lost in the subsequent phases, as reflected by the absence of differences in carcass weight. Our data illustrate that in similar scenario, energy supplementation is adequate and there is not any extra benefit of adding protein by the use of lupins when considering cattle management and economic factors. © (2024), (Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia). All rights reserved
Identificación y caracterización genómica de especies de pantoea asociadas a pudriciones de bulbos y lesiones foliares en cultivos de cebolla en Uruguay. 305. (resúmen).
No full textLa oferta nacional de cebolla (Allium cepa L.) tiene variaciones interanuales significativas, asociadas principalmente a las pérdidas durante la conservación poscosecha por podredumbres bacterianas. El objetivo de este trabajo es confirmar esta identificación a nivel genómico y caracterizar determinantes genéticos asociados a la virulencia en especies de Pantoea patógenas de cebolla mediante análisis genómico comparativo
Aspectos de manejo a tener en cuenta para la siembra de colza en la zafra 2023.
No full textPara que el cultivo de colza pueda cumplir un rol central en la zafra 2023, es necesario considerar algunos aspectos de manejo que no eran demasiado relevantes cuando el área era menor. Desde el punto de vista de intensificación de la producción, mantener área de este cultivo en rotación con el resto de los cultivos de invierno permitirá un intenso uso de la tierra con cultivos de renta durante todo el año, algo inédito para el país y la regió