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Looking for an effective, affordable and sustainable approach to control pest species: the case of screwworm. Editorial.[En busca de un enfoque eficaz, asequible y sostenible para el control de especies de plagas: el caso del gusano barrenador]. [Em busca de uma abordagem eficaz, acessível e sustentável para o controle de espécies de pragas: o caso da bicheira].
No full textCertain animal species become pests or turn invasive, conspiring against other species, the environment, biodiversity, food production and public health. Throughout history, humans have developed different strategies to control or eradicate these problems. Through more effective and affordable tools, and more respectful to the environment and harmless to other species, it will be possible to control more appropriately this kind of threat. CRISPR-based technologies can be applied to achieve this goal by controlling pests that threaten food supply in a growing world population, or preserving ecosystems affected by invasive species in islands and other particular environments. And most importantly, without adversely affecting - and even improving - the global effort focused on the One Health approach. Copyright (c) 2022 Agrociencia Urugua
Cultivares locales y mejoramiento hortícola en procesos de trayectoria agroecológica. (Capítulo 15).
No full textEn términos de salud y bienestar de la población, las hortalizas frescas o procesadas tienen un lugar cada vez más importante en la dieta de los uruguayos por su aporte de nutrientes y componentes bioactivos con propiedades nutracéuticas. ---- 1. Introducción. -- 2. Situación actual de la horticultura y del uso de cultivares. -- 3. Programa de mejoramiento genético hortícola. -- 3.1. Objetivos del mejoramiento. -- Papa. -- Boniato. -- Frutilla. -- Cebolla. -- Tomate. -- Ajo. -- 3.2. Evaluaciones fisicoquímicas y de compuestos funcionales. -- Análisis sensoriales. -- Marcadores moleculares. -- 3.3. Estrategia del programa de mejoramiento. -- 4. Aportes de los cultivares locales a la trayectoria hacia sistemas productivos agroecológicos. -- 4.1. Aporte a la oferta de alimentos. -- 4.2. Acceso a alimentos y abastecimiento del mercado. -- 4.3. Calidad de los alimentos. -- 4.4. Inocuidad e impacto ambiental. -- 4.5. Eficiencia productiva. -- 4.6. Uso y conservación de los recursos genéticos. -- 5. Reflexión final. -
Drosophila suzukii, ¿cuál es el manejo más eficiente?. [Presentación oral].
No full textDrosophila suzukii, especie originaria del Sudeste Asiático ha tenido una amplia dispersión a nivel mundial. Desde su ingreso al país en el año 2013 sus daños han ido aumentando de forma lenta pero consistente
Resistance to leaf rust in cultivars and wheat lines of Paraguay. [Resistencia a roya de la hoja en cultivares y líneas de trigo de Paraguay]. [Resistência à ferrugem da folha em cultivares e linhas de trigo do Paraguai].
No full textABSTRACT.- Leaf rust (LR) of bread wheat (Triticum aestviumL.), caused by the fungus Puccinia triticinaEriks, is one of the most important diseases in Paraguay, the Southern Cone and worldwide. The economic importance of the disease is clear considering that two or morefungicide applications are necessary to control itinsusceptible cultivars. The best strategy for the management of this disease is through genetic resistance. This research was conducted in Uruguay aiming topostulatethe LR resistance genes present in 102 lines and wheat cultivars from Paraguay,and to study their field re-sistance. The presence of 18 major resistance genes expressed at the seedling stage (Lr1,Lr2,Lr3a,Lr3bg,Lr3ka,Lr9,Lr10,Lr11,Lr16,Lr17,Lr23,Lr24,Lr26,Lr27+Lr31,Lr28,Lr30,Lr42) was postulated based on the reaction to different races of the pathogen. The adult plant resistance gene Lr34was confirmed in 26% of the materials, based on the molecular marker csLV34. This study also allowed differentiatingmaterials with field resistance that can be explained by the seedling resistance and those with adult plant resistance. Knowledge of the resistance genes present in the germplasm of breeding programs is of paramount importance to establish strategies in order toachieve effective and long-lasting resistance based mainly on the combination of race-non-specific minor genes. -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. RESUMEN.- La roya de la hoja (HR) del trigo pan (Triticum aestvium L.), causada por el hongo Puccinia triticina Eriks, es una de las enfermedades más importantes en Paraguay, en el Cono Sur y a nivel mundial. La importancia económica de la enfer-medad es clara cuando se considera que son necesarias dos o más aplicaciones de fungicidas para su control en culti-vares susceptibles. La mejor estrategia para el manejo de esta enfermedad es a través de la resistencia genética.Esta investigación fue llevada a cabo en Uruguay con el objetivo de postular los genes de resistencia a HR presentes en 102 líneas y cultivares de trigo de Paraguay y estudiar su resistencia a campo. La presencia de 18 genes mayores de resis-tencia expresados en plántula (Lr1, Lr2, Lr3a, Lr3bg, Lr3ka, Lr9, Lr10, Lr11, Lr16,Lr17, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26, Lr27+Lr31, Lr28, Lr30, Lr42) fue postulada con base en la reacción frente a distintas razas del patógeno. El gen de resistencia de planta adulta Lr34 fue confirmado en 26% de los materiales con base en el marcador molecular csLV34.Este estudio permitió también diferenciar aquellos materiales cuya resistencia en el campo puede explicarse por su resistencia en plántula y aquellos que poseen resistencia de planta adulta. El conocimiento de los genes de resistencia presentes en el germo-plasma de los programas de mejoramiento es de suma importancia para establecer estrategias que logren resistencia efectiva y de larga duración basadas principalmente en la combinación de genes menores de raza no específicos. -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. RESUMO.- A ferrugem da folha (HR) do trigo-pão (Triticum aestviumL.), causada pelo fungo Puccinia triticinaEriks, é uma das doenças mais importantes no Paraguai, no Cone Sul e no mundo. A importânciaeconômica da doença é clara quando se considera que duas ou mais aplicações de fungicidas são necessárias para o controle da doença em cultivares suscetíveis. A melhor estratégia para o manejo desta doença é através da resistência genética. Esta pesquisa foi realizada no Uruguai, com o objetivo de postular os genes de resistência HR presentesem 102 linhas e cultivares de trigo do Paraguai e estudar sua resistência em campo. A presença de 18 principais genes de resistência expressos em plântulas (Lr1, Lr2,Lr3a, Lr3bg, Lr3ka, Lr9, Lr10, Lr11, Lr16, Lr17, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26, Lr27+Lr31, Lr28, Lr30, Lr42) foi postulada. com base na reação contra diferentes raças do patógeno. O gene de resistência de plantas adultas Lr34foi postulado em 26% dos materiais com base no marcador molecular csLV34. Este estudo também possibilitou diferenciar aqueles materiais cuja resistência em campo pode ser explicada por sua resistência em plantulas e aqueles que apresentam resistência na planta adulta. O conhecimento dos genes de resistência presentes no germoplasma dos programas de melhoramento é de suma importância para o estabelecimento de estratégias que alcancem resistência efetiva e duradoura baseada principalmente na combinação de genes menores não específicos da raça. Copyright (c) 2023 Agrociencia Urugua
Protocolo para Determinación de Emisión de Metano en Rumiantes: "Técnica del Trazador SF6 para Períodos de Medición Prolongados". (2ª ed., revisada y ampliada).
No full textEn este protocolo se presentan en detalle los materiales necesarios y el procedimiento a seguir que permitirá cuantificar las emisiones de CH4 entérico en rumiantes según la mencionada adaptación de la técnica original basada en la utilización de SF6. Se incluyen, además, las ecuaciones que permiten calcular la emisión diaria de CH4 de cada animal. CONTENIDO: 1. Descripción general de la Técnica SF6 -- 2. Materiales necesarios para cada animal -- 3. Instalaciones, equipos y materiales de laboratorio -- 4. Procedimiento -- 5. Cálculo de la emisión de CH4 -- 6. Proveedores Sugeridos -- 7. Referencias. -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. Grupo de Investigación en Sustentabilidad Ambiental INIA-La Estanzuela: Ing. Agr. (PhD) Verónica Ciganda; Lic. Biol. Claudia Simón; Asistente Julieta Mariotta (Area Recursos Naturales, Producción y Ambiente. INIA La Estanzuela)
Beyond assimilation of leaf area index: Leveraging additional spectral information using machine learning for site-specific soybean yield prediction.
No full textABSTRACT.- Assimilating external observations of crop state in cropping system models is essential for making spatially explicit predictions of crop variables relevant in precision agriculture. Satellite-based leaf area index (LAI) estimates have been the most frequent variable used as a proxy of actual crop growth. However, additional information beyond LAI, like canopy N content, water content, and structure, can be retrieved from satellite observations. Including such variables by data assimilation directly is difficult because many crop models do not have corresponding state variables or the relationship between the observations and the process that regulates crop growth is unclear. Therefore, other approaches are required to include such information. In this study, we investigate the improvement in the predicted yield and feature impact on model outputs by using a hybrid approach that combines observations from Sentinel-1 and 2 time-series with the outputs from a process-based model embedded in a data assimilation framework and uses the Gradient-boosted trees regressor (GBTR) as predictive model. We used two regions with soybean fields: the US (13 K points) and Uruguay (400 K points). We found an advantage when using the GBTR as the predictive model (reduced RRMSE by ~16%) compared to data assimilation. Adding the vegetation indices had a marginal improvement (reduced RRMSE by ~1%), while the impact of adding reflectance and backscatter values was negative. The satellite-based features had a very small importance score, while features' impact on prediction was predominantly unclear, explaining the marginal predictive power added by satellite-based features. We found that features from the reproductive stages had the highest importance, while the importance of an index related to drought stress (NMDI) across the growing season provided insights for further improvement of data assimilation methods. However, more studies are required to better disentangle pathways towards further improvement in constraining crop models by ingesting satellite observations. © 202
Desde el campo al laboratorio: herramientas para el diagnóstico de Babesiosis y Anaplasmosis bovina. [From the field to the laboratory: tools for the diagnosis of bovine Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis].
No full textRESUMEN.- Los patógenos transmitidos por vectores representan una amenaza significativa tanto para la salud pública como para la salud animal (WHO, 2020). Las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores en bovinos, especialmente las garrapatas, son un problema grave para la producción ganadera mundial (WOAH, 2021a). Las garrapatas son, después de los mosquitos, los artrópodos vectores responsables de la mayor cantidad de enfermedades infecciosas (WHO, 2020; WOAH, 2021a). En Sudamérica, las principales enfermedades transmitidas por la garrapata Rhipicephalus microplus a los bovinos son la babesiosis y la anaplasmosis, comúnmente conocidas como el complejo de tristeza parasitaria (TP) (Guglielmone, 1995). ............................................................ ABSTRACT.- Vector-borne pathogens are a significant threat to public and animal health (WHO, 2020). Vector- borne diseases in cattle, especially those transmitted by ticks, are a serious issue for global livestock production (WOAH, 2021a). Ticks, after mosquitoes, are the arthropod vectors responsible for transmitting the must infectious diseases (WHO, 2020; WOAH, 2021a). In South America, the main diseases transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus microplus to cattle are babesiosis and anaplasmosis, commonly calledbovine parasitic sadness complex (Guglielmone, 1995)
Potential of metatopoline in the in vitro multiplication and rooting of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. clones.
No full textABSTRACT.- Background: Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is a species of great interest to the pulp industry. However, it has a low rooting capacity, which makes it difficult to clone on a commercial scale. In micropropagation, the supply of cytokinins is necessary to stimulate proliferation, but the type and concentration of cytokinins can negatively affect adventitious rooting. This study evaluated the effect of metatopoline (mT) and benzyladenine (BA) on in vitro multiplication, elongation, and rooting of E. globulus clones. In the multiplication medium, concentrations of 0.44 and 0.88 µmol BA, 0.41 and 0.83 µmol mT, and a control medium without cytokinins were supplied. Results: During the multiplication phase, mT increased the proliferation rate. In addition, mT presented lower production of small explants, less than 0.5 cm in height. In the rooting phase, easy rooting clones treated with 0.41 µmol of mT reached rooting percentages of 91%, while with the use of BA it was 50%. However, in clones with difficult rooting, no differences were observed in relation to the type of cytokinin. Explants treated with mT developed longer roots than those originated with BA, which presented roots similar to those of the control treatment (T). Conclusion: With the use of mT in the multiplication medium, the in vitro elongation, proliferation and rooting of E. globulus was improved, therefore improving the quality of the in vitro explants for the acclimatization stage. © 2024, Federal University of Lavras. All rights reserved
Dietary effects of copper sulphate on nutrients utilization, weight gain and rumen fermentation characteristics of goats. [124]. [conference abstract].
No full textThe use of dietary copper sulphate in goats' diet will aid nutrients utilization, production in an eco-friendly environment, hence reduce environmental pollution
Estimación de la biomasa aérea en pastizales mediante fotos oblicuas. [poster].
No full textRESUMEN.- La biomasa aérea es una variable estructural que define varios procesos ecosistémicos. Se mide mediante cosechas; método destructivo que lleva tiempo. Por eso, suelen utilizarse distintos métodos de doble muestreo (variables de fácil medición asociadas a la biomasa): visual, altura, plato. Particularmente, en pastizales diversos, como los Pastizales del Río de la Plata la alta heterogeneidad a escala fina, con varios estratos e inflorescencias dificultan dichos métodos. El objetivo fue desarrollar un método de doble muestreo expeditivo basado en fotografías oblicuas tomadas a un metro de distancia de un panel blanco (1 m de ancho x 0,8 m de alto) utilizado como fondo