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    Video game: An in-depth analysis of the meduim

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    Ovaj diplomski rad rezultat je višegodišnjih napora kako bi se ostvario pokušaj pružanja dubinske analize medija videoigre. Ovaj pristup temelji se na razumijevanju višestruke uvjetovanosti medija videoigre kojem se treba pristupiti s više različitih polazišnih točaka. Sukladno tome prvi dio rada izlaže povijesni dio razvoja medija videoigre i monetizacijske prakse koje prate taj razvoj. Nakon povijesnog pregleda slijedi teorijski dio, koji nastoji ukazati na korisnost književne teorije u pristupu mediju videoigre. Tako se medij videoigre razmatra u kontekstu analitičke psihologije Carla Junga i estetike recepcije, uključujući pritom dominantne struje poput ludologije i naratologije. Osim podjele na dva pola, art i sport, mediju videoigre također se može pristupiti kao mediju izvedbe. Razmatraju se argumenti za i protiv takve koncepcije medija. Naposljetku, pruža se naratološka analiza videoigre Stanley Parable. Sve navedeno služi boljem razumijevanju prirode medija videoigre i njegovih mogućnosti, sličnosti i razlika s medijima koji su prethodili.This thesis is the result of a multi-year effort to provide an in-depth analysis of video games as a medium. This approach is based on the understanding that the video game medium is shaped by multiple factors and should be approached from various different starting points. Accordingly, the first part of the paper presents the history of the video game medium and the monetization practices that accompanied its development. The historical overview is followed by a theoretical part, which seeks to demonstrate the usefulness of literary theory in approaching the medium of video games. The video game medium is examined in the context of Carl Jung's analytical psychology and reception theory, including dominant schools of thought such as ludology and narratology. In addition to being divided into two poles, art and sport, the video game medium can also be approached as a performance medium. Arguments for and against such a conception of the medium are discussed. Finally, a narratological analysis of the video game The Stanley Parable is provided. All of the above serves to better understand the nature of the video game medium and its possibilities, similarities, and differences with preceding media

    The Translation of Names in the Croatian and German Translations of The Fellowship of the Ring by J.R.R. Tolkien

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    Gospodar prstenova autora J. R. R. Tolkiena jedno je od najpoznatijih i najutjecajnijih knjiženih djela fantastičnog žanra, velikim dijelom zahvaljujući golemoj jezičnoj kreativnosti upotrijebljenoj pri stvaranju Međuzemlja te šarolikih stvorenja i likova koji ga nastanjuju. Tolkien je prevoditeljima ostavio i opsežne smjernice za prevođenje djela i u njima sadržanih imena, te mnogi obožavatelji Gospodara prstenova definiraju „kvalitetu“ i „vjernost“ prijevoda na temelju njih, a suvremeni prevoditelji i izdavači ih imaju u vidu pri planiranju ponovnih prijevoda. Ovaj diplomski rad promatra različita prijevodna rješenja imena u prvom i ponovnom prijevodu Prstenove družine na hrvatski i na njemački jezik, odnosno uspoređuje pristupe Zlatka Crnkovića i Marka Marasa te Margaret Carroux i Wolfganga Kregea – četvero prevoditelja koji su zadatku pristupili na različite načine i svoje odluke potkrijepili različitim motivacijama. Teorijski okvir unutar kojeg se ovdje promatra fenomen ponovnog prijevoda temelji se na deskriptivnom pristupu znanosti o prevođenju, s posebnim naglaskom na Retranslation theory i teoriju skoposa. Prijevodi imena iz prvih i ponovnih prijevoda tematski su razdvojeni na toponime, osobna imena te ostala imena, u što su uključene i životinje i objekti, a hrvatski i njemački prijevodi uspoređuju se u zasebnim tablicama u kojima su označene sličnosti, odnosno razlike.The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien is one of the most well-known and influential works of fantasy literature, largely due to the enormous linguistic creativity that went into the creation of Middle Earth and the various creatures and characters inhabiting it. Tolkien therefore left translators extensive guidelines for translating his works and the names contained in them, and many fans of The Lord of the Rings base their evaluation of how good and faithful a translation is on how well translators adhered to the author’s vision, so most contemporary translators and publishers take them into account when planning retranslations. This thesis examines different translations of names in the first translations and retranslations of The Fellowship of the Ring into Croatian and German, and compares the approaches of Zlatko Crnković and Marko Maras, and Margaret Carroux and Wolfgang Krege – four translators with different approaches and different motivations. The theoretical framework within which the phenomenon of retranslation is observed here is based on Descriptive Translation Studies, with a special emphasis on Retranslation theory and Skopos theory. The translations of names from the first translations and retranslations are thematically separated into toponyms, personal names and miscellaneous other names, including animals and objects, and the Croatian and German translations are compared in separate tables with specifically indicated similarities and differences

    Speech Genres of Dubbed Animated Films – An Analysis of Mimetic Reality through the Interaction of Text, Language, and Culture

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    Cilj je ovog diplomskoga rada istražiti složene mehanizme kojima se bajkovna mimetička stvarnost konstruira u sinkroniziranim animiranim filmovima Shrek (2001) i Shrek 2 (2004) kroz analizu interakcije govornih žanrova, multimodalnih elementa i kulturnih adaptacija. Koristeći Bahtinov koncept govornih žanrova u kombinaciji s pragmastilističkom i multimodalnom analizom pružiti operacionalizirani model koji omogućava razumijevanja komunikacijskih praksi u animiranom filmu kao složenome audiovizualnom mediju. Istraživanje se temelji na interpretaciji i kvalitativnoj analizi četiri reprezentativne scene koje prikazuju žanrovsku hibridnost između bajkovnih i parodijskih elemenata. Analiza otkriva da se bajkovna mimetička stvarnost gradi na dinamici između žanrovske stabilnosti i parodije pri čemu direktivni i ekspresivni govorni činovi dominiraju u trenucima parodijskog loma. Multimodalni elementi aktivno strukturiraju žanrovska značenja te govorni žanrovi predstavljaju mehanizme kojima animirani film oblikuje prepoznatljiv svijet i proizvode parodijski učinak kroz interakciju stabilnih bajkovnih konvencija i njihovih subverzivnih transformacija.The aim of this thesis is to investigate the complex mechanisms by which a fairy-tale mimetic reality is constructed in the dubbed animated films Shrek (2001) and Shrek 2 (2004) through an analysis of the interaction of speech genres, multimodal elements, and cultural adaptations. Using Bakhtin’s concept of speech genres in combination with a pragmastylistic and multimodal analysis, it offers an operationalized model that enables an understanding of communicative practices in animated film as a complex audiovisual medium. The research is based on the interpretation and qualitative analysis of four representative scenes that display genre hybridity between fairy-tale and parodic elements. The analysis reveals that fairy-tale mimetic reality is built on the dynamics between genre stability and parody, with directive and expressive speech acts dominating at moments of parodic rupture. Multimodal elements actively structure generic meanings, and speech genres serve as mechanisms through which the animated film shapes a recognizable world and produces a parodic effect through the interaction of stable fairy-tale conventions and their subversive transformations

    Art as Social Commentary in High School Subject Visual Arts on the Example of Neue Sachlichkeit

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    Predmetni kurikulum u srednjim školama omogućava uključivanje pokreta Neue Sachlichkeit u nastavu, što ovaj diplomski rad istražuje kroz teorijski i metodički dio. Tijekom razdoblja između dva svjetska rata, umjetnički pokret Neue Sachlichkeit razvio se kao odgovor na poslijeratnu realnost Weimarske Republike, odbacujući sentimentalnost ekspresionizma. Mladi umjetnici dokumentirali su društvene posljedice rata, ali i ubrzani tempo života, konzumerizam i hedonističke prakse. Pokret je ostavio dubok trag u njemačkoj kulturi, no nije u značajnijoj mjeri utjecao na ostatak Europe, stoga se i proučava u ovom okviru. Cilj nastavnog sata predloženog u ovom radu, ujedno i izvedenog u školi, potaknuti je učenike na kritičko promišljanje i povezivanje umjetnosti s društvenim kontekstom. Kroz proučavanje Neue Sachlichkeit, učenici se ohrabruju da kritički promatraju svoju svakodnevicu i prepoznaju dublje kulturne i povijesne veze. Na taj način umjetnost postaje sredstvo razumijevanja složenosti društva i poticaj za angažman.The new curriculum in secondary schools allows for the inclusion of the Neue Sachlichkeit movement in teaching, which this thesis explores through a theoretical and methodological section. During the period between the two world wars, the Neue Sachlichkeit art movement developed as a response to the post-war reality of the Weimar Republic, rejecting the sentimentality of expressionism. Young artists documented the social consequences of the war, but also the accelerated pace of life, consumerism and hedonistic practices. The movement left a deep mark on German culture, but did not significantly influence the rest of Europe, which is why it is studied in this framework. The aim is to encourage students to think critically and connect art with its social context. Through the study of Neue Sachlichkeit, students are encouraged to critically observe their everyday lives and recognize deeper cultural and historical connections. In this way, art becomes a means of understanding the complexity of society and an incentive for engagement

    Human rights and lives in 21st century – analysis of World Press Photo of the Year contest winners

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    Ovaj diplomski rad analizira prikaze ljudskih prava u pobjedničkim fotografijama natjecanja World Press Photo of the Year u razdoblju od 2001. do 2023. godine. Polazeći od pretpostavke da fotografije ne samo dokumentiraju nego i aktivno oblikuju javno razumijevanje patnje, dostojanstva i odgovornosti, rad kombinira vizualnu sociologiju, semiotiku i analizu sadržaja. Kategorizacijska shema obuhvaća tematiku (rat, migracije, klimatske promjene, siromaštvo, aktivizam), emocionalni ton (strah, tuga, empatija, otpor, nada), geografski kontekst (globalni jug/sjever) te socijalne identitete (djeca, žene, manjine, izbjeglice, vojnici). Teorijski okvir upušta se u pojmove reprezentacije i moći (Hall, Berger, Mulvey), postkolonijalne perspektive (Said, Spivak) i „gledanosti patnje“ (Chouliaraki). Nalazi pokazuju kontinuitet u vizualnom mapiranju ključnih kriza 21. stoljeća te prevagu humanitarnih narativa koji potiču afektivnu angažiranost, ali nerijetko prikrivaju sporije, strukturne uzroke nepravde. Uočen je obrazac selektivnosti i estetizacije, kao i geopolitičkih asimetrija između globalnog juga i sjevera, što utječe na definiranje „žrtve“ i „promatrača“. Praktične implikacije upućuju na potrebu za dosljednom kontekstualizacijom, uključivanjem lokalnih glasova i jasnim etičkim standardima u uredničkim politikama i institucionalnim praksama nagrađivanja. Ograničenja analize (veličina uzorka, mogućnost interpretativne pristranosti) naznačuju smjerove budućih istraživanja. Zaključno, kritički i etički uokviren fotožurnalizam može nadići puku vizualnu konzumaciju i pridonijeti zaštiti ljudskog dostojanstva.This thesis examines how human rights are represented in the World Press Photo of the Year winners from 2001 to 2023. Departing from the view that photographs not only document events but actively shape public understandings of suffering, dignity, and responsibility, the study integrates visual sociology, semiotics, and content analysis. The coding scheme covers four dimensions: theme (war, migration, climate change, poverty, activism), affective tone (fear, grief, empathy, resistance, hope), geographic context (Global South/Global North), and social identities (children, women, minorities, refugees, soldiers). The theoretical framework draws on concepts of representation and power (Hall, Berger, Mulvey), postcolonial critiques (Said, Spivak), and the “spectatorship of suffering” (Chouliaraki). Findings indicate a sustained pattern of visually mapping the century’s major crisis and a prevailing humanitarian narrative that fosters affective engagement while often obscuring slower, structural drivers of injustice. The analysis identifies selectivity, aestheticization, and geopolitical asymmetries between the Global South and North that shape the identities of “victims” and “spectators.” Practical implications highlight the responsibility of editorial policies and award institutions to ensure consistent contextualization, inclusion of local voices, and clear ethical standards. Limitations—sample scope and potential interpretive bias—suggest avenues for further research. Overall, critically and ethically framed photojournalism can move beyond visual consumption to support deeper understanding and protection of human dignity

    IMAGES OF HUNGARY IN THE JOURNALISM OF MARIJA JURIĆ ZAGORKA

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    Ovaj diplomski rad analizira predodžbe o Ugarskoj u novinarskom djelovanju Marije Jurić Zagorke, koristeći interdisciplinarni pristup koji uključuje historiografsku analizu, teoriju aktera-mreže (ANT), kritičku analizu diskursa i interkulturnu hermeneutiku. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na načine na koje su Zagorkini novinarski tekstovi konstruirali sliku „drugoga“ – Mađarske i Mađara – u političkom, kulturnom i povijesnom kontekstu Austro-Ugarske, međuratnog razdoblja te socijalističke Jugoslavije. Analizom stilskih figura, retoričkih strategija, ideoloških obrazaca i institucionalnog okvira novinarstva, rad pokazuje da je Zagorka bila ne samo svjedok, već i aktivni akter u oblikovanju kolektivne svijesti i otpora prema hegemonijskim narativima. Rad ističe važnost Zagorkina doprinosa u političkoj borbi protiv pritisaka iz Budimpešte i onoga što se u hrvatskom političko-društvenom kontekstu percipiralo kao „mađarizacija“, premda je ona u Hrvatskoj imala ograničene razmjere.This master’s thesis analyzes representations of Hungary in the journalism of Marija Jurić Zagorka, using an interdisciplinary approach that combines historiographical analysis, Actor-Network Theory (ANT), Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), and intercultural hermeneutics. Particular emphasis is placed on how Zagorka’s journalistic texts constructed the image of the “Other”—Hungary and the Hungarians—within the political, cultural, and historical contexts of Austria-Hungary, the interwar period, and socialist Yugoslavia. By examining stylistic devices, rhetorical strategies, ideological patterns, and the institutional framework of journalism, the thesis shows that Zagorka was not only a witness but also an active agent in shaping collective consciousness and resistance to hegemonic narratives. It highlights the significance of Zagorka’s contribution to the political struggle against pressures from Budapest and to what, in the Croatian socio-political context, was perceived as “Magyarization,” albeit of limited scope in Croatia

    Individual differences and motivation in gaming

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    Videoigre su danas najpopularniji medij u svijetu. Prema izvještaju „MIDIA Research“ iz 2025. godine skoro pola svjetske populacije aktivno igra videoigre. Iako su istraživanja o videoigrama u prošlosti bila fokusirana na agresiju i ovisnost, s porastom popularnosti industrije, promijenila se djelomično i percepcija videoigara, pa tako i ciljevi istraživanja o videoigrama. Istraživanje je provedeno putem online ankete, a uzorak je činilo 211 sudionika prosječne dobi 30.4 godine, od čega je 18% bilo žena. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je provjeriti kako osobine ličnosti Pet-faktorskog modela i motivacija za igranje videoigara utječu na odabir žanra kojeg igramo. Kako bismo to provjerili, uspoređivali smo osobine ličnosti i motivaciju igrača igara igranja uloga (RPG) i igrača akcijskih igara te onih igrača koji istovremeno igraju i RPG i akcijske igre. Nisu pronađene razlike u motivaciji ili ličnosti igrača ovisno o žanru videoigre koju igraju. Igrači koji provode više vremena igrajući videoigre značajno su više motivirani postignućem i povezanosti, a igrači koji preferiraju igrati igre u grupi su više ekstrovertirani, ugodni i otvoreni za iskustva. Nalazi pokazuju da ni motivacija ni ličnost ne utječu na odabir žanra videoigre, ali da pojedine osobine ličnosti i motivacija utječu na vrijeme provedeno igrajući i kako to vrijeme provode.Videogames are today’s most popular form of media. According to “MIDIA Research” data (2025), almost half of the world’s population actively plays videogames. Even though the research regarding videogames was more focused aggression and addiction, as the gaming industry develops, the perception of videogames, and the research goals, have somewhat changed. This research was conducted using an online poll, with a sample of 211 participants, with an average age of 30.4 years, and 18% of the sample participants being female. The goal of this research was to test how personality traits, operationalized by the Five Factor Model, and gaming motivation affect our choice of gaming genre. To test this, we compared personality traits, and gaming motivation of RPG, action gamers and those gamers that simultaneously enjoy playing both these genres. There were no reported differences in motivation or personality of players based on the genre of videogame they play. Besides that, it has been shown that players who on average spend more time gaming, also show significantly higher achievement and socialization motivations, while players who play in a group tend to be more extraverted, agreeable and open to new experiences compared to solo-players. Results show neither motivation nor personality determine the genre of videogame gamers play, however some motives and personality traits do seem to impact time spent playing and the way that playing time is spent

    Involvement in Extracurricular and Out-of-School Activities and Academic Achievement of Students with Disabilities: A Scoping Review

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    Sažetak: Cilj ovoga pretražnoga pregleda domaćih istraživanja je opisati različite kontekstualne determinante uključenosti učenika s teškoćama u izvannastavne i izvanškolske aktivnosti s posebnim naglaskom na kontekst školskog uspjeha. Analiziran je 21 rad iz baza Hrčak, CROSBI, CroRIS i Dabar. Svi radovi su napisani na hrvatskom jeziku, a temeljni kriteriji za uključivanje u završnu analizu bio je da radovi tematski obuhvaćaju različite izvannastavne, izvanškolske i slobodnovremenske aktivnosti učenika s teškoćama, odnosno njihov školski uspjeh. Za pretragu su korištena napredna pretraživanja baza podataka, dok je analiza izvršena ručno. Uvodno se ističe prevladavajući kvalitativni pristup u istraživanjima, što je razumljivo s obzirom na individualne specifičnosti svake teškoće. Analiza pokazuje da sportske i tjelesne aktivnosti dominiraju u uključenosti, nudeći višestruke koristi za motorički, funkcionalni, psihološki i socijalni razvoj. Međutim, zabilježena je niža stopa sudjelovanja kod učenika s osjetilnim i višestrukim teškoćama. Manja ukupna uključenost učenika s teškoćama u usporedbi s vršnjacima bez teškoća pripisuje se preopterećenosti terapijama, obavezama roditelja, nedostatku prilagođenih programa i stručne podrške, slabijoj informiranosti te financijskim barijerama. Unatoč tim preprekama, aktivnosti imaju izrazito pozitivan utjecaj, poboljšavajući socijalne vještine, odnose s vršnjacima, samopouzdanje, motivaciju za učenje i samostalnost. Na osnovi rezultata analize formulirane su preporuke za razvoj sustavnih rješenja, uključujući razvoj prilagođenih programa, jačanje institucionalne koordinacije i osiguravanje financijske podrške, kako bi se stvorilo inkluzivno okruženje koje omogućuje punu participaciju i razvoj svih učenika.Abstract: The objective of this scoping review of existing domestic research is to describe the various contextual determinants of the involvement of students with disabilities in extracurricular and out-of-school activities, with a specific emphasis on the context of academic achievement. Twenty-one papers from the Hrčak, CROSBI, CroRIS, and Dabar databases were analyzed. All papers were written in Croatian, and the primary criteria for inclusion in the final analysis were that the papers thematically covered various extracurricular, out-of-school, and leisure activities of students with disabilities or their academic achievement. Advanced database search functions were used for the search, while the analysis was performed manually. The review highlights the predominant qualitative approach in the research, which is understandable given the individual specificities of each disability. The analysis shows that sports and physical activities dominate participation, offering multiple benefits for motor, functional, psychological, and social development. However, a lower rate of participation was noted among students with sensory and multiple disabilities. The overall lower involvement of students with disabilities compared to their peers without disabilities is attributed to being overburdened with therapies, parental obligations, a lack of adapted programs and professional support, limited access to information, and financial barriers. Despite these obstacles, activities have a very positive impact, improving social skills, peer relationships, self-confidence, motivation for learning, and independence. Based on the analysis results, recommendations for the development of systemic solutions were formulated. These include developing adapted programs, strengthening institutional coordination, and ensuring financial support to create an inclusive environment that enables the full participation and development of all students

    Documenting immigrants : an analysis of the evolution of immigrant data archiving

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    Ovaj rad istražuje načine na koje se migracije dokumentiraju kroz arhivsku praksu u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama i Europskoj uniji te naglašava važnost očuvanja iskustava migranata u širem društveno-političkom kontekstu. Analiza je pokazala da su migracije uvijek proizvodile opsežnu dokumentaciju, od ranih popisa putnika i carinskih evidencija do suvremenih digitalnih sustava. U američkom kontekstu posebno se ističe razvoj A-dosjea i potvrda o naturalizaciji, dok je u Europi veći naglasak na zakonodavnim okvirima, poput Opće uredbe o zaštiti podataka te na informatičkim sustavima poput Eurodaca. U oba slučaja jasno je da arhivi ne smiju biti samo pasivni čuvari dokumenata, nego moraju aktivno uključivati osobne priče, usmene povijesti i druge izvore koji osiguravaju potpuniju sliku migracija. Zaključak rada jest da arhivi imaju ključnu ulogu u očuvanju kolektivne memorije i oblikovanju društvenog razumijevanja migracija, a njihova budućnost ovisi o sposobnosti da povežu administrativne zahtjeve s potrebama samih zajednica.This thesis explores how migration is documented through archival practices in the United States and the European Union, emphasizing the importance of preserving migrants’ experiences within a broader socio-political context. The analysis demonstrates that migration has always generated extensive documentation, ranging from early passenger lists and customs records to modern digital systems. In the U.S. context, the development of A-files and naturalization certificates stands out, while in Europe, greater emphasis is placed on legislative frameworks, such as the General Data Protection Regulation, and on information systems like Eurodac. In both cases, it is evident that archives must not remain passive custodians of records, but rather, they should actively incorporate personal stories, oral histories, and other sources that provide a more complete picture of migration. The conclusion is that archives play a crucial role in safeguarding collective memory and shaping social understanding of migration. Their future relevance will depend on their ability to balance administrative requirements with the real needs of migrant communities

    Jewish identity and the role of the witness in the literary works of Primo Levi

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    Ovaj diplomski rad analizira židovski identitet Prima Levija i njegovu ulogu kao svjedoka Holokausta kroz prizmu osobne i kolektivne memorije, trauma i književnog svjedočenja. Kroz kratki prikaz Levijeva života postavlja se kontekst za razumijevanje njegovih djela, posebice Zar je to čovjek i Utopljenici i spašeni, u kojima se tematizira iskustvo koncentracijskog logora, pitanje teodiceje nakon Holokausta, te odnos prema jeziku i književnosti kao sredstvima izražavanja traume. U radu se također uspoređuju Levijeva promišljanja s drugim autorima koji su preživjeli Holokaust, istražujući sličnosti i razlike u njihovim pristupima svjedočenju, a poseban naglasak stavlja se na književnu i simboličku povezanost s likom Odiseja. Kroz multidisciplinarni pristup, rad pruža dublji uvid u kompleksnost židovskog identiteta i značenje svjedočenja u kontekstu neizrecive povijesne traume.This thesis analyzes Primo Levi's Jewish identity and his role as a witness to the Holocaust through the prism of personal and collective memory, trauma, and literary testimony. A brief overview of Levi's life provides a context for understanding his works, especially Is This Man and The Drowned and the Saved, which address the experience of a concentration camp, the issue of theodicy after the Holocaust, and the relationship to language and literature as means of expressing trauma. The paper also compares Levi's reflections with other authors who survived the Holocaust, exploring similarities and differences in their approaches to testimony. Special emphasis is placed on the literary and symbolic connection to the figure of Ulysses, as well as the issue of catharsis through language. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the paper provides a deeper insight into the complexity od Jewish identity and the meaning of testimony in the context of unspeakable historical trauma

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