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The Effect of English Teachers’ Self-Efficacy on Their Students’ Motivation for English Language Learning
No full textOvaj rad istraživao je odnos između osobnih kompetencija, samoefikasnost nastavnika i motivacije učenika u kontekstu nastave engleskog jezika u hrvatskim srednjim školama. Istraživanje je temeljeno na teoriji samoodređenja i konceptu samoefikasnosti, te je za cilj imalo razumjeti utječu li osobine nastavnika i njihova uvjerenja u njihovu učinkovitost na motivaciju učenika za učenje engleskog jezika. U istraživanju je korišten kvantitativni pristup u svrhu kojega su prikupljeni podatci šest nastavnika engleskog jezika i njihovih 260 učenika iz dvanaest razreda. Sudionici su ispunjavali anketne upitnike i to nastavnici Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) i Teacher Competencies Scale (TCS), a učenici Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). Analiza prikupljenih podataka uključivala je korelaciju i regresiju, te usporedbu skupina, kao i deskriptivnu statistiku. Rezultati su ukazali na pozitivan trend između osobnih kompetencija učitelja i njihove samoefikasnosti, iako odnos nije bio statistički značajan. Samoefikasnost nastavnika nije se pokazala kao značajan prediktor učeničke motivacije, dok je učenička motivacija pokazala statistički značajnu pozitivnu povezanost s akademskim uspjehom. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na potencijalnu ulogu nastavničkih kompetencija u poticanju podržavajućeg i učinkovitog okruženja za učenje jezika.This study examined the relationship between teacher personal competencies, their self-efficacy, and student motivation in the context of English language teaching in Croatian secondary schools. Based on Self-Determination Theory and theory of self-efficacy, the study aimed to explore whether teachers’ beliefs in their efficacy and their personal dispositions influence student motivation to learn English. A quantitative approach was utilized using the data collected from six English language teachers and 260 of their students across twelve classes. The participants were handed out questionnaire forms containing the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) and Teacher Competencies Scale (TCS) for teachers, and Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) for students. Analysis of the collected data included correlation, regression, and comparative tests, as well as descriptive statistics. The findings indicated a positive trend between teachers’ personal competencies and their self-efficacy, though the relationship was not statistically significant. Teacher self-efficacy did not emerge as a significant direct predictor of student motivation, while student motivation showed a small but significant positive association with academic performance. These results highlight the potential role of teacher competence in fostering supportive and effective language learning environment
An archaeological and anthropological perspective on body tattooing in ancient societies
No full textUkrašavanje tijela predstavlja univerzalni fenomen prisutan u svim ljudskim društvima, a njegovo proučavanje zahtijeva interdisciplinarni pristup koji obuhvaća arheološke i antropološke metode. Ovaj rad interdisciplinarno pristupa tetoviranju kroz arheološku i antropološku perspektivu, analizirajući materijalne dokaze poput alata za tetoviranje i očuvanih tijela te društvene i simboličke uloge ovih praksi. Primjeri poput Ötzijevih tetovaža ili Pazyryk mumija omogućuju rekonstrukciju njihovih mogućih funkcija u medicinskom, duhovnom i društvenom kontekstu. Korištenjem komparativne analize i interdisciplinarnog pristupa, rad istražuje kako su drevna društva kroz ukrašavanje tijela izražavala identitet, pripadnost i društveni status
Mala bugarska gramatika
No full textMala bugarska gramatika priručna je gramatika namijenjena, prije svega, studentima bugarskoga jezika odnosno južnoslavenskih studija. Nastala je na temelju predavanja i seminara iz kolegija Osnovna gramatika bugarskoga jezika.
U prvom se dijelu opisuje bugarski grafijski sustav, pravila njegova prenošenja u hrvatski jezik, potom glasovni sustav, opis i raspodjela glasova te najvažnije glasovne promjene i obilježja bugarskoga naglaska. Drugi dio gramatike donosi pregled vrsta riječi, opis gramatičkih kategorija svake pojedine vrste riječi i pripadajuća pravila za njihovu pravilnu upotrebu u jeziku. Iako bi se moglo činiti da je prvi dio posvećen fonologiji, a drugi morfologiji, u opisu i tumačenjima one se pretaču jedna u drugu, a u drugom je dijelu uključen i sintaktički, ali i semantički aspekt kada je to bilo nužno. S obzirom na to da je primarna namjena ove gramatike učenje bugarskoga jezika i ovladavanje njime na prvoj godini učenja, u opisu i tumačenjima odabran je najjednostavniji pristup te je ova gramatika više praktična, a manje znanstvena
New Year's Ceremonies in the Ancient Near Eastern Cultures
No full textSvetkovine berbe grožđa, Akitu i AN.TAḪ.ŠUM obilježavale su prijelaz u novu godinu u ugaritskoj, mezopotamskoj i hetitskoj kulturi. Time su predstavljale novi početak u poljoprivrednim ciklusima i obnavljale osjećaj reda. Istodobno su potvrđivale kolektivnu nadu da će budućnost biti blagoslovljena, stvarajući posebnu priliku za iskazivanje strahopoštovanja božanskom autoritetu. Njihovom usporednom analizom produbljuje se naše znanje o drevnim religioznim vjerovanjima, tumačenjima promjena u prirodnoj okolini te načinu na koji se kraljevska vlast i hijerarhija očituju u simboličkim radnjama. Svetkovine se razlikuju u ritualima, strukturi i simbolici, odražavajući posebnosti šireg kulturnog sustava u kojem su nastale. Preko ovih triju raznolikih ceremonija nastoji se objasniti kako su kulture staroga Istoka shvaćale i ritualizirale razdoblja tranzicije.The Festival of the Vintage, Akitu, and AN.TAḪ.ŠUM marked the transition to the new year in Ugaritic, Mesopotamian, and Hittite cultures. They signified renewal within agricultural cycles and the restoration of order. At the same time, they affirmed the collective hope for a blessed future, providing a distinct opportunity to express reverence for divine authority. A comparative analysis of these ceremonies deepens our understanding of ancient religious beliefs, interpretations of environmental change, and the ways in which royal power and hierarchy were manifested in symbolic acts. The festivals differ in their rituals, structure, and symbolism, reflecting the distinctive features of the broader cultural systems in which they developed. Taken together, they highlight how the cultures of the ancient Near East understood and ritualized periods of transition
Sports museums in Croatia
No full textU ovome radu pisat će se o muzejima sporta u Hrvatskoj. Ima ih svega nekoliko, ali zbog svojih bogatih i raznovrsnih fundusa i oblika rada s posjetiteljima pružaju detaljne informacije o svim segmentima hrvatskog sporta. U radu će biti analiziran razvoj takvih muzeja kroz povijest, kao i njihova uloga u očuvanju sportske baštine i nacionalnog identiteta. Poseban naglasak biti će na izazovima s kojima se ovakvi muzeji danas susreću, primjerice problematika prostora za postave, financijska ograničenja, ali i privlačenje publike u današnje digitalizirano doba. Razmotrit će se i načini na koje bi se rad tih muzeja mogao poboljšati u budućnosti. Dio rada bit će posvećen i muzejima sporta u susjednim državama, točnije Olimpijskom muzeju u Sarajevu, Muzeju športa u Ljubljani te Muzeju sporta i olimpizma u Beogradu. Zaključno će navedene ustanove biti uspoređene sa srodnim ustanovama na području Zagreba i Varaždina.This work will write about the sports museums in Croatia. There are only a few of them, but due to their rich and diverse collections and the ways they engage with visitors, they provide detailed information about all aspects of Croatian sports. The paper will analyze the development of such museums throughout history, as well as their role in preserving sports heritage and national identity. Special emphasis will be placed on the challenges these museums face today, such as issues with space for exhibits, financial limitations, and attracting audiences in today's digital age. The paper will also explore ways in which the work of these museums could be improved in the future. Part of the paper will be dedicated to sports museums in neighboring countries, specifically the Olympic Museum in Sarajevo, the Sports Museum in Ljubljana, and the Museum of Sports and Olympism in Belgrade. In conclusion, these institutions will be compared with similar institutions in Zagreb and Varaždin
Projects to encourage reading in the Year of Reading in the Medveščak Library
No full textOvaj rad će pobliže opisati način na koji je Knjižnica Medveščak, Knjižnice grada Zagreba
obilježila Godinu čitanja. Radionice i projekti koji su se provodili imaju ključnu ulogu u
promicanju čitanja u cjelini. Uočava se svrha i korisničko zadovoljstvo, koje je središnji cilj
današnjeg knjižničarstva. Rad razlaže na koji način Knjižnica Medveščak, kao kulturna,
informacijska i obrazovna ustanova, dopire do javnosti i podiže kulturalnu svijest u cijelosti.
Od opismenjivanja građana do društveno-ekonomskih akcija, knjižnica donosi značajne
iskorake u odnosu prema društvenom znanju i kolektivnom aktivizmu sudionika programa u
Godini čitanja.This paper will describe in more detail the way in which the Medveščak Library, the Library
of the City of Zagreb, marked the Year of Reading. The workshops and projects that were
carried out play a key role in promoting reading as a whole. The purpose and user
satisfaction, which is the central goal of today's librarianship, is observed. The paper explains
how the Medveščak Library, as a cultural, informational and educational institution, reaches
the public and raises cultural awareness in its entirety. From citizen literacy to socio-
economic actions, the library makes significant strides in relation to social knowledge and
collective activism of program participants in the Year of Reading
Umjetnička baština Slavonije i Srijema: prijedlog terenske nastave iz Likovne umjetnosti
No full textCilj ovog diplomskog rada je skrenuti pozornost na potencijal koji nudi umjetnička baština Srijema i Slavonije u nastavi Likovne umjetnosti. Naglasak je stavljen na ostvarivanju odgojno-obrazovnih ishoda definiranih novim Kurikulumom nastavnog predmeta Likovne umjetnosti na konkretnim primjerima katedrale sv. Petra u Đakovu, dvorca Odescalchi i obrambenih zidina u Iloku, secesijske arhitekture u Osijeku, Spomen galerije Ivana Meštrovića u Vrpolju te festivala ulične umjetnosti VukovART u Vukovaru. Kroz obradu ovih primjera umjetničke baštine učenicima se omogućuje usvajanje novih znanja i vještina koje obuhvaćaju razvijanje kritičkog mišljenja, razumijevanje međuodnosa umjetničkog djela i njegova konteksta, korištenje stručne terminologije te upoznavanje s pojmovima i stilskim značajkama različitih umjetničkih pravaca. Posebna je važnost stavljena na očuvanje i zaštitu nacionalne likovne baštine te na neposredni kontakt putem terenske nastave koji dodatno produbljuje razumijevanje i doživljaj umjetnosti te jača povezanost učenika s vlastitom kulturnom sredinom. Struktura rada obuhvaća pregled Kurikuluma nastavnog predmeta Likovne umjetnosti i tema u njemu, u kontekstu predloženoga vodiča te definiranje metodičko-didaktičkih ciljeva i načela metodičkih vježbi koje se u vodiču nalaze. Središnji dio rada čini teorijska obrada pet izabranih primjera umjetničke baštine, dok se završni dio sastoji od samog vodiča, u kojemu se nalazi skraćena verzija teorijske obrade te metodičke vježbe s jasno definiranim odgojno-obrazovnim ishodima. Vodič je osmišljen tako da bude fleksibilan i primjenjiv u različitim nastavnim kontekstima. Iako je njegova upotreba idealna u sklopu terenske nastave, može se koristiti i u učionici, pri čemu nastavnici mogu samostalno odabrati i prilagoditi sadržaje pojedinim nastavnim temama, ovisno o potrebama nastavnog sata.The aim of this thesis is to shed light on the potential that the artistic heritage of Srijem and Slavonia has to offer in the context of teaching Visual Arts. Emphasis is placed on specific examples of Croatian artistic heritage, including the Cathedral of St. Peter in Đakovo, Castle Odescalchi and defensive walls in Ilok, the Secessionist Architecture of Osijek, the Ivan Meštrović Memorial Gallery in Vrpolje, and, lastly, the street art festival VukovART in Vukovar. Through the study of these examples of artistic heritage, students can acquire new knowledge and skills, including critical thinking, understanding of the relationship between an artwork and the context behind it, appropriate terminology use, and the concepts and stylistic characteristics of various artistic movements. Special attention was given to the preservation and protection of national cultural and artistic heritage and on direct engagement with the artwork through a Field Course, which can profoundly deepen the understanding and experience of the Arts and strengthen the connection between the students and their cultural environment. The thesis comprises an overview of the Curriculum of the high school subject of Visual Arts and the themes it covers in the context of the suggested Field Course Guide, along with a presentation of the methodological and didactical goals and principles of the methodical exercises included in the guide. The main section of the thesis includes a theoretical analysis of the five examples of artistic heritage, while the final part contains the guide itself. The guide consists of a summarized theoretical analysis of the examples of artistic heritage, along with methodological exercises with clearly defined educational outcomes and objectives. The guide is designed to be flexible and applicable to different educational contexts. Although it is primarily suited for use in a Field Course context, it can also be used in the classroom, allowing teachers to independently select and adapt its contents to suit specific teaching topics and the needs of a particular lesson
Constantine's Dynasty Monetary Reforms
No full textU prvoj polovici 4. stoljeća provedene su dvije opsežne novčane reforme. Prvu novčanu reformu, između 309. i 324. godine, proveo je car Konstantin Veliki, a drugu 348. godine njegovi sinovi i nasljednici Konstant i Konstancije II. Ove dvije novčane reforme Konstantinove dinastije nastvljaju se na prethodne novčane reforme provedene u „dugom 3. stoljeću“ (193.–337.) – Karakalinu, Aurelijanovu i Dioklecijanovu. Cilj novčane reforme Konstantina Velikog i novčane reforme njegovih nasljednika nije bio smanjiti inflaciju, jer se ona unutar rimskog ekonomskog sustava nije ni mogla uspješno rješavati, već Carstvu osigurati stabilnu nominalu na kojoj će počivati ekonomija i u kojoj će se isplaćivati državni službenici i vojska. To je postignuto uvođenjem solida, novog zlatnika koji je bio baza ekonomije Carstva 4. i 5. stoljeća.Two big monetary reforms were conducted in the Roman Empire during the first half of the 4th century. The first one was conducted between 309 and 324 by emperor Constantine the Great, while his sons and successors made another one in 348. These two monetary reforms are actually continuation of previous monetary reforms of the long 3rd century (193–337) – those of Caracall, Aurelian and Diocletian. The aim of monetary reforms of the Constantinian dynasty was not to reduce inflation, because the Roman economic system itself was unable to handle inflation effectively, but to provide the Empire with stable currency for economy to be based upon and to pay bureaucracy and army. This was accomplished by creation of solidus, the new gold currency the late Roman economy was based upon
Artificial intelligence in education
No full textOvaj diplomski rad bavi se primjenom umjetne inteligencije (UI) u obrazovanju, s naglaskom na njezinu ulogu u poboljšanju nastave, personalizaciji učenja i podršci učenicima i nastavnicima. Obrađuju se osnovni pojmovi poput strojnog, nadziranog, nenadziranog i pojačanog učenja te njihova primjena u obrazovnom kontekstu. Posebna pažnja posvećena je inteligentnim tutorskim sustavima i drugim UI alatima, kao i etičkim izazovima poput zaštite privatnosti i pristranosti algoritama. Empirijsko istraživanje provedeno među učiteljima pokazuje rastuću svjesnost o potencijalu UI, ali i potrebu za dodatnom edukacijom i podrškom. Zaključuje se da umjetna inteligencija može značajno unaprijediti obrazovanje, ali zahtijeva odgovornu i pažljivo planiranu implementaciju.This thesis deals with the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, with an emphasis on its role in improving teaching, personalizing learning, and supporting students and teachers. Basic concepts such as machine, supervised, unsupervised, and reinforced learning are discussed, as well as their application in the educational context. Special attention is paid to intelligent tutoring systems and other AI tools, as well as ethical challenges such as privacy protection and algorithmic bias. Empirical research conducted among teachers shows a growing awareness of the potential of AI, but also the need for additional education and support. It is concluded that artificial intelligence can significantly improve education, but requires responsible and carefully planned implementation
Interferences in the processing of German and English as foreign languages among Croatian native speakers
No full textIn dieser Diplomarbeit wurde die Interferenz bei der Verarbeitung von Deutschen und des Englischen als Fremdsprachen bei kroatischen Muttersprachlern untersucht. Die Reaktionszeit auf Kognaten, Kontrollwörter und Pseudowörter wurde gemessen, mit der Annahme, dass die Teilnehmenden auf Kognaten am schnellsten reagieren würden. Entgegen der ursprünglichen Hypothese wurde kein signifikanter Kognaten-Erleichterungseffekt festgestellt. Die Ergebnisse des Experiments zeigten, dass die Kognaten in diesem Fall nicht schneller verarbeitet wurden als die Kontrollwörter. Im Allgemeinen zeigt das Experiment, dass der Kognaten- Erleichterungseffekt nicht als selbstverständlich vorausgesetzt werden kann, sondern von verschiedenen Faktoren abhängig ist, darunter individuelle Sprachkenntnisse, Worthäufigkeit und ortographische Überlappungen. Obwohl nicht alle Hypothesen bestätigt wurden, stützten die Ergebnisse dennoch die Annahme eines nicht-selektiven lexikalischen Zugriffs sowie die Existenz eines integrierten mentalen Lexikons, wie sie auch in früheren Studien vorgeschlagen wurde.In this master's thesis, the interference in the processing of German and English as foreign languages was investigated in Croatian native speakers. The reaction time to cognates, control words and pseudowords was measured, with the assumption that participants would react fastest to cognates. Contrary to the original hypothesis, no significant cognate facilitation effect was found. The results of the experiment showed that the cognates were not processed faster than the control words in this case. In general, the experiment shows that the cognate facilitation effect cannot be taken for granted, but is dependent on various factors, including individual language proficiency, word frequency and ortographic overlap. Although not all hypotheses were confirmed, the results nevertheless supported the assumption of non-selective lexical access and the existence of an integrated mental lexicon, as proposed in previous studies