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Virtually the Reality: Negotiating the Distance between Standards and Local Realities When Certifying Sustainable Aquaculture
Get PDFTo account for the many challenges of increasingly global industries, remote regulation measures such as sustainability standards have become continuously more important as a means to ensure global accountability and transparency. As standard certification is assessed through audits, the legitimacy of these standards rests on uncritically evoked norms of auditing, such as independence and objectivity. In this paper, we seek to investigate the claim of these norms as a prerequisite for the audit process of sustainability standards. Based on interviews and fieldwork in the salmon aquaculture industry, we explore how it is possible to concurrently uphold the standard and account for the different conditions of the many local realities. Our findings point to the interactional character of audits, often downplayed for legitimacy purposes, and how this is vital to achieve both ‘distance for neutrality’ and ‘proximity for knowledge production’. We argue for increased transparency concerning the human element of sustainability auditing, thus acknowledging the significance of reciprocal knowledge production when using standards as a route towards sustainability.Virtually the Reality: Negotiating the Distance between Standards and Local Realities When Certifying Sustainable AquaculturepublishedVersio
TryggEst : Bedre beskyttelse av voksne utsatt for vold og overgrep. Delrapport 2 : TryggEst ett år etter lansering
Get PDFI 2018-2020 gjennomfører Barne-, ungdoms- og familiedirektoratet (Bufdir) en utprøving av TryggEst. Dette er et system som skal gi bedre beskyttelse mot vold og overgrep for personer som i liten grad er i stand til å beskytte seg selv. Utprøvingen skjer i ti kommuner, samt to by-deler i Oslo. NTNU Samfunnsforskning gjennomfører sammen med Fafo og NyAnalyse en studie av utprøvingen etter mønster av følgeforskning. Studien er finansiert av Bufdir og utføres som et oppdrag for dem. Denne rapporten er andre rapportering og beskriver situasjonen etter omtrent halvgått løp. Formålet er å gi en foreløpig oppsummering av de viktigste erfaringene som man har gjort seg i prosjektkommunene. Dette inkluderer en oversikt over utviklingen i antall og type saker som avdekkes. Rapporten skal tjene som inspirasjon eller innspill til å gjøre enkelte kursendringer i de lokale prosjektene der man vurderer det som relevant, og delvis kan det gi innspill til prosjektet sentralt om problemstillinger som allerede nå kan tas opp i forbindelse med en eventuell videreføring på bred basis.publishedVersio
What’s the magic word? What we talk about when we talk about energy efficiency
Get PDFEnergy efficiency has become an integrated and common concept both in modern language and public discourse, and central for policies directed to mitigate climate change as well as competitiveness. Yet definitions and effects of energy- efficiency and reduction is still an ongoing debate within academic discourse. This article investigate how industrial energy efficiency is framed and features in media narratives. Media discourses both reflect and shape public opinion and essentially the political sphere, calling for an improved understanding of how energy efficiency features in public discourse. The paper is based on a media analysis of 309 articles featuring “industrial energy efficiency” in a selection of Norwegian newspapers in the period between 2013-2017. We find numerous different framings of energy efficiency in the articles, where the authors draw on various notions of relative and absolute reduction in consumption, indicators and diffuse system and temporal boundaries. Even more common is the tendency to frame energy efficiency generically without explicit or implicit assumptions about reduction in consumption. The analysis show that energy efficiency is rarely an object of contention or controversy and often not even the topic of the articles itself. Rather it figures in arguments within narratives of climate change mitigation and economic stability and growth. The paper outlines the underlying structures of how energy efficiency serves as a legitimizing concept in these narratives, as well as ammunition on both sides of heated controversies regarding development of renewable wind or hydro-parks, transmission lines and oil & gas industry. The combination of a multitude of framings and generically use of the concept essentially allows a black-boxing of the relationship between energy efficiency and reduction. Consequently, the concept of energy efficiency features in the discourse as a magic word, where the prospects of fixing both the climate and the economy makes it suitable to legitimize almost every thinkable argument within narratives of transition.publishedVersio
Variability and resilience in industrial symbiosis for energy exchange
Get PDFWhile exchange of surplus energy between companies can be economic beneficial and environmentally friendly, such inter-organizational integration of industrial rhythms imposes dependencies and uncertainties for the companies involved. This paper expands on the structural focus of studies of resilience in industrial symbiosis by addressing the social and organizational aspects of adapting to variability. The study is based on case studies in three industry clusters in Norway where companies engage in collaboration concepts and exchange surplus energy streams such as heat, CO-rich off-gas and CO2. The paper shows how formal and informal aspects of the interorganizational collaborations can add resilience to socio-technical-economic systems for energy exchange that face uncertainties to the flow of operations and the viability of the systems.publishedVersio
Følgeevaluering av kompetanse for fremtidens barnehage. Delrapport 4. TFoU-rapport 2019:5.
No full textDette er den fjerde rapporten fra følgeevalueringen av strategien Kompetanse for fremtidens barnehage, med Utdanningsdirektoratet som oppdragsgiver. Rapporten tar for seg to tema: Innholdet i utdanningen Lederutdanning for styrere i barnehagen, som er et av kompetansetiltakene i strategien, og etableringen av Regional ordning for kompetanseutvikling i barnehagen i fylkene. Hovedvekten av rapporten er viet til analysen av etableringen av Regional ordning. Det er nødvendig å påpeke at datamaterialet tar pulsen på Regional ordning midt i etableringen og viser dermed et bilde av ordningen slik den ser ut i de ulike fylkene per mars 2019. Arbeidet med etableringen av ordningen er i stadig utvikling og på ingen måte ferdig.publishedVersio
Organisational and cultural preconditions for extending the use of takt time planning
Get PDFThis paper presents findings of a study about how to extend the use of Takt-time planning in construction projects. The study is based on analysis of two construction projects involving non-repetitive work that, after failing to use Takt-time planning, had to return to ordinary methods of production. To uncover causes to the problems, the research method Theory-building process tracing is used. Results show that extended use of Takt-time planning presupposes effective coordination in the projecting process and a proactive and well organised production control in the construction phase. It also presupposes high involvement of the craftsmen and crew-leaders in the Takt-time planning and production. The method of theory-building process tracing is transferred from political science and historical studies to construction projects. The research method offers a unit of hypothesis testing and cumulative practical theory development, which can be of general value for construction research. Although the validation of the present empirical results is thorough, based on interviews and workshops, the researchers own observations of the processes studied could have been more extensive.acceptedVersio
Normalization of maritime accident data using AIS
Get PDFThe Automatic Identification System (AIS), fitted on most ships today, is primarily used for real time ship monitoring. This paper illustrates how stored AIS data can be used to construct activity data that can be used to normalize accident statistics, to turn recorded numbers of accidents into accident rates. We show, by way of some examples, the potential in using AIS to construct different types of activity data, and discuss the advantage of combining measures based on different activity data when monitoring accident trends or trying to identify accident prone types of vessels. The analysis and discussion are based on a combination of the Norwegian database of maritime accidents and 6 years of recorded AIS data. The paper addresses methodological issues regarding the construction and use of these activity measures, demonstrates how they can provide new knowledge both for researchers and authorities and outlines some directions for further research.publishedVersio
Mobbing og arbeidsro i skolen : Analyse av Elevundersøkelsen skoleåret 2018/19
No full textDenne rapporten er en gjennomgang av resultatene fra Elevundersøkelsen 2018 som omhandler mobbing og arbeidsro i skolen. Undersøkelsen omhandler elevenes vurderinger av disse områdene høsten 2018. I tillegg ser vi på hvordan elevvurderingene, relatert til mobbing og arbeidsro har utviklet seg over tid. Derfor vil resultatene sees i sammenheng med tidligere års elevundersøkelser og analysereres i forhold til disse. Dette er elevundersøkelser fra 2009 til 2017.Mobbing og arbeidsro i skolen : Analyse av Elevundersøkelsen skoleåret 2018/19publishedVersio
Rosa kompetanse barnevern : Evaluering av kompetansehevende tiltak
Get PDFDenne evalueringen av kompetansehevinstiltaket Rosa kompetanse barnevern er en del av et større forskningsprosjekt om Barnevern i et LHBTI-perspektiv som gjennomføres fra høsten 2018 til sommeren 2020. Prosjektet utføres av NTNU Samfunnsforskning og SINTEF Helse på oppdrag fra Bufdir.Rosa kompetanse barnevern : Evaluering av kompetansehevende tiltakpublishedVersio