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Elito vyrų krepšinio komandų puolimo varžybinės veiklos analizė.
No full textThe aim of the research was to assess the effects of game timeouts in basketball by ball possessions before and after timeout in Euroleague 2021 – 2022 regular season. The sample consisted of 145 called timeouts registered during 21 basketball games randomly selected from 2021 – 2022 Euroleague regular season. For each timeout 5 ball possessions were registered before (n = 548) and 5 ball possessions after (n = 544) a timeout. Two- and 3-point field-goals scored and free-throws made were recorded for each ball possession to calculate team points scored and allowed. Game period were established in to two categories: first 35 min. of a game and last 5 min. of a game. Also score difference were categorized into 3 different groups: first group (losing, -31 to -3), second group (balanced, -2 to 3) and third group (winning, 4 to 25). Repeated-measures analysis of variance identified statistically significant main effects between pre and post timeout offensive (p = 0.001; ES = 0.35) and defensive (p = 0.001; ES = 0.56) performances. By comparing the results of first 35 min. and last 5 min. of playing time, it was determined that the most significant differences in ball possessions by scored points were in outcome variables (missed shot 3PT/ Offensive Rebound p = 0,01; ES = 0,73 and Missed shot 2PT/ Defensive Rebound p = 0.01; ES = 0.28), set play variables (Spot Up p = 0.02; ES = 0.18 and ISO p = 0.02; ES = 0.16) and shot type variables (Fade Away p = 0.002; ES = 0.6). Conclusions: 1. It was found that during all games (losing, balanced and winning) the offensive and defensive performance always improved after a timeout (p < 0.001). 2. Before and after timeout it was found that offensive performance improved more during the first 35 min. compared to the last 5 min. The most effective offensive possessions are those that start with missed 3 point shot and offensive rebound (p < 0.01) and missed 2 point shot and defensive rebound (p < 0.01). 3. Comparing timeouts during the first 35 minutes of playing time and the last 5 minutes of playing time before and after a timeout, it was found that Spot Up (p < 0.02) and ISO (p < 0.02) were more effective, also the most effective shot type was fade away (p < 0.002). The offensive performance of the teams before and after the timeouts was higher in the first 35 minutes of playing time than in the last 5 minutes of playing time
The possible impact of COVID-19 on respiratory muscles structure and functions :
No full textThe impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on respiratory muscle functions is an important area of recent enquiry. COVID-19 has effects on the respiratory muscles. The diaphragm muscle is perturbed indirectly due to the mechanical-ventilation-induced-disuse, but also by direct mechanisms linked with SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. In this sense, a deeper understanding of the possible links between COVID-19 and alterations in structure and functions of the respiratory muscles may increase the success rate of preventive and supportive strategies. Ultrasound imaging alongside respiratory muscle strength tests and pulmonary function assessment are valid approaches to the screening and monitoring of disease, for mild to severe patients. The aim of the present review is to highlight the current literature regarding the links between COVID-19 and respiratory muscle functions. We examine from the pathophysiological aspects of disease, up to approaches taken to monitor and rehabilitate diseased muscle. We hope this work will add to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology and disease management of respiratory muscle pathology subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Individuals with physical disabilities, health related behavioral changes during COVID-19 lockdown :
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The importance of social capital schools for students 'Provisions regarding physical education and participation in physical education lessons'.
No full textS Currently, the problem of students' physical education is very relevant. The motivation and participation of modern students in physical education lessons is weak, inhibited by a variety of other activities and factors. A very important factor is the involvement of students in social communities or groups that engage in active physical activity, which manifests itself in purposeful sports and active leisure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the indicators of school social capital, students' attitudes towards physical education and participation in physical education lessons and to analyze their interrelationships. Tasks: To evaluate and compare the social capital of boys and girls, the evaluation of the benefits of physical education and the emotional satisfaction provided, participation in physical education lessons. To determine the relationship between the evaluation of social capital, the benefits of physical education at school and emotional satisfaction and participation in physical education lessons. To determine the factors that determine the attendance of physical education lessons. Research Methods: The research uses questionnaires tested in other research: Social Capital (Furuta et al., 2012; Novak & Kawachi, 2015; Stjernqvist et al., 2018). Attitudes towards Physical Education (Subramaniam & Silverman, 2000; Student Attitude Toward Physical Education). The total sample of respondents interviewed during the survey was 907. Tadas Mekas interviewed 326 respondents. The participants of the survey are students of grades 9-12 studying in district schools in Kaunas, Alytus, Siauliai county. Conclusions: Boys tend to cooperate more actively than girls in combining their actions, sharing knowledge and skills (p <0.00). Mutual trust is stronger among boys and teachers than among girls (p <0.00). Boys are more likely to accumulate and use social capital than girls. Students who do not miss a single physical education lesson experience greater benefits and emotional satisfaction in physical education school than students who miss physical education lessons. Pupils who perceive the benefits of physical education experience greater satisfaction with physical education (r = 0.887). Absence of physical education lessons is predicted by age, younger students are more likely not to miss physical education lessons (Exp (B) 0.741; p <0.00)
Differences in weekly training load, well-being, and hormonal responses between European- and national-level professional male basketball players during the pre-season phase /
No full textThis study aimed to compare the weekly fluctuation in training load (sRPE-load), well-being (perceived fatigue, stress, mood, sleep, and muscle soreness), and hormonal responses [testosterone (T) and cortisol (C)] during the pre-season phase in European- and national-level professional male basketball players. Twenty-one professional male basketball players belonging to European-level (n = 11, age: 25.5 ± 3.6 yr; stature: 199.2 ± 7.1 cm; body mass: 94.1 ± 8.5 kg) and national-level (n = 10, age: 23.5 ± 4.7 yr; stature: 198.0 ± 5.6 cm; body mass: 94.0 ± 8.8 kg) teams were monitored during a 5-week pre-season phase. The European-level team showed higher sRPE-load in week 5 compared to week 3 (within-team difference, p = 0.049; ES = −1.44 [−2.38, −0.5], large) and week 1 (p = 0.018; ES = 1.62 [0.64, 2.61], large), week 4 (p = 0.005; ES = 1.79 [0.78, 2.81], large) and week 5 (p = 0.001; ES = 1.96 [0.92, 3.01], large) of the national-level team. The national-level team documented the lowest sRPE-load in week 5, which was statistically different compared to week 2 (p = 0.022; ES = 1.59 [0.61, 2.58], large) and week 4 (p = 0.001; ES = 1.94 [0.9, 2.98], large) of the European-level team. Moreover, higher stress (p < 0.001; ES = 1.94 [0.93, 2.95], large) and better mood (p = 0.003; ES = 1.79 [0.8, 2.78], large) were found in week 1 compared to week 5 within the European-level team. Additionally, higher values of salivary C were found in week 1 for the European-level team compared to week 2 (p = 0.020; ES = 1.6 [0.61, 2.58], large) and week 4 (p = 0.018; ES = 1.66 [0.64, 2.67], large) of the national-level team. Our results can provide reference values for basketball practitioners regarding the fluctuations of weekly load, well-being, and hormones across the pre-season period in professional male teams competing at European and national levels
Exposure to acute noxious heat evokes a cardiorespiratory shock response in humans /
No full textBackground: Noxious acute cold stimuli cause cold shock via the sympathetic nervous system. However, no studies have investigated respiratory “heat shock” in response to noxious acute heat stimuli (≥ 42 °C). Methods: In the present study, we examined whether short-duration whole-body immersion (for 5 min) in noxious hot water (45 °C) is a sufficient stimulus to induce a respiratory acute shock response. Results and conclusion: Our results indicate that short-duration whole-body immersion in noxious 45 °C water produces a significantly greater body temperature, heart rate, and perceptual and respiratory strain than immersion in innocuous warm 37 °C water (p < .05). The initial first minute of hot water immersion (HWI) at 45 °C (vs. immersion at 37 °C) caused a cardiorespiratory shock response, which manifested as acute hyperventilation, and increased ventilatory tidal volume, respiratory exchange ratio, and heart rate (p < .05). Adjustment to this initial respiratory heat shock response within the first minute of immersion was observed as compared with remaining HWI time (1–5 min). Intriguingly, the time-course kinetics of breathing frequency, oxygen uptake, and carbon dioxide washout did not differ between whole-body immersion at 37 °C and immersion at 45 °C, but were higher than in control thermoneutral conditions of an empty bath (p < .05). This may be because of events initiated not only by the water temperature but also by the change in the hydrostatic pressure acting upon the body when immersed in the water bath
The effect of TRX suspension trainer and BOSU platform after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint /
No full textBackground and Study Aim. The tear of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint is experienced by people of all ages for a variety of reasons. The physiotherapy procedures with different equipment help recover lost functions. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of ‘TRX’ (Total body Resistance eXercise) suspension trainer and platform ‘BOSU’ (Both Sides Utilized) after anterior cruciate ligament of knee joint reconstruction. Material and Methods. The study included 20 patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, 13 women, age (31.7 ± 3.4) and 7 men, age (31.7 ± 3.5) participated in the assessment. The strength of the calf flexors and extensors muscles was assessed by Lovett scale. The range of motion of the knee joint was assessed by goniometer. The static and dynamic body balance was assessed by Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale. The stability of the knee joint was assessed by Lachman test. The statistical data reliability was evaluated using Student's T criterion. Results. The data obtained showed that stabilization exercises with ‘TRX’ suspension trainer ant platform ‘BOSU’ have positive effect on knee joint after reconstruction. In the first and second group strength of the calf flexors and extensors muscles, amplitude of knee joint, static and dynamic balance significantly increased (p0.05). Conclusions. Physiotherapy exercises with TRX suspension trainer and platform ‘BOSU’ can help patients to return lost muscles strength, knee joint amplitude, static and dynamic balance and knee joint stability
Normal weight 6–12 years boys demonstrate better cognitive function and aerobic fitness compared to overweight peers /
No full textBackground and Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the cognitive function (CF) and aerobic fitness (AF) of 15 normal-weight (NW) and 15 overweight (OW) children, aged 6–12 years. In addition, the relationship between CF and AF was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The ANAM4 battery was used to evaluate CF, and a constant treadmill walking exercise (6 km/h for 6 min) and a progressive treadmill exercise (modified Balke test) were used to assess pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2). Results: The OW children displayed worse attention and visual tracking (88.95 ± 4.45% and 93.75 ± 3.16%), response inhibition (90.27 ± 1.54% and 93.67 ± 2%), and speed of processing (93.65 ± 1.5% and 94.4 ± 1.54%) than the NW children (p < 0.05). The VO2 max was higher and the time constant of VO2 kinetics was shorter in NW children (56.23 ± 3.53 mL/kg/min and 21.73 ± 1.57 s, respectively) than in OW children (45.84 ± 1.89 mL/kg/min and 33.46 ± 2.9 s, respectively; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The OW children aged 6–12 years demonstrated poorer CF and lower AF than their NW peers. An association between AF and CF indicators was identified in both groups
Inflammatory blood biomarker kynurenine is linked with elevated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in older adults: evidence from two 1H-MRS post-processing analysis methods /
No full textRationale and Objectives: Pro-inflammatory processes have been argued to play a role in conditions associated with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration, like aging and obesity. Only a limited number of studies have tried to measure both peripheral and central biomarkers of inflammation and examined their interrelationship. The primary aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that chronic peripheral inflammation would be associated with neurometabolic changes that indicate neuroinflammation (the combined elevation of myoinositol and choline), brain gray matter volume decrease, and lower cognitive functioning in older adults. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four older adults underwent bio-impedance body composition analysis, cognitive testing with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), blood serum analysis of inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and kynurenine, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of the brain. Neurometabolic findings from both Tarquin and LCModel 1H-MRS post-processing software packages were compared. The regions of interest for MRI and 1H-MRS measurements were dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (DPCC), left hippocampal cortex (HPC), left medial temporal cortex (MTC), left primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1), and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Results: Elevated serum kynurenine levels were associated with signs of neuroinflammation, specifically in the DPCC, left SM1 and right DLPFC, and signs of neurodegeneration, specifically in the left HPC, left MTC and left SM1, after adjusting for age, sex and fat percentage (fat%). Elevated serum IL-6 levels were associated with increased Glx levels in left HPC, left MTC, and right DLPFC, after processing the 1H-MRS data with Tarquin. Overall, the agreement between Tarquin and LCModel results was moderate-to-strong for tNAA, tCho, mIns, and tCr, but weak to very weak for Glx. Peripheral inflammatory markers (IL-6 and kynurenine) were not associated with older age, higher fat%, decreased brain gray matter volume loss or decreased cognitive functioning within a cohort of older adults. Conclusion: Our results suggest that serum kynurenine may be used as a peripheral inflammatory marker that is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, although not linked to cognition. Future studies should consider longitudinal analysis to assess the causal inferences between chronic peripheral and neuroinflammation, brain structural and neurometabolic changes, and cognitive decline in aging