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Evaluating teaching methods for learning basketball offensive sub-phases /
No full textIn recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing motor skills through an ecological dynamics approach. This approach integrates insights from various disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and physiology to understand the relationship between individuals and their environment. However, traditional sports training methods often adopt a reductionist viewpoint, focusing solely on technical aspects. Recognizing this discrepancy, there is a need to translate the ecological dynamics approach into practical strategies for enhancing tactical behaviors. To address this, we have developed a targeted approach called the "complex method" for collaborative-opposition sports, drawing inspiration from ecological dynamics principles. Two groups of 8 Under-11 years old basketball players underwent 40 minutes of practice in 2 sessions per week over 5 weeks. One group practiced offensive skills using the complex method, while the other utilized the traditional method. Both groups were assessed before and after the intervention using the Game Performance Assessment Instrument. The results demonstrated that in the interaction between groups, the group trained with the complex method showed significant improvements (p<.05) in decision-making and support variables as compared to the group that practiced with the traditional method. Similarly, in the interaction between period of time (pre-test and post-test), the evaluation revealed that the complex method-trained group exhibited significant improvements (p<.05) across all measured variables. In contrast, the group trained with the traditional method only made progress in decision-making, skill execution, and base. In conclusion, the variability and dynamic environment provided by the complex method can offer valuable strategies for learning an offensive system in basketball
The effects of 6-week home-based static stretching, dynamic stretching, or eccentric exercise interventions on muscle-tendon properties and functional performance in older women /
No full textBackground Joint inflexibility is acknowledged as a significant contributor to functional limitations in the older adult, with lengthening-type exercises identified as a potential remedial approach. Nevertheless, the responses to eccentric exercise in female older adults have not been extensively studied especially in home-based environment. Here, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of home-based static stretching (ST), dynamic closed-chain stretching (DCS), or eccentric exercise (ECC) interventions on flexibility, musculotendinous architecture, and functional ability in healthy older women. Methods We randomly assigned 51 healthy older women (age 65.9 ± 3.4 years) to one of three interventional exercise groups: DCS (N = 17), ECC (N = 17), or ST (N = 17). The training was performed 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The participants’ musculotendinous stiffness, fascicle length, eccentric strength, and functional capacities were measured before the intervention, after 6 weeks of exercise, and at a 1-month follow-up. Results The results showed that all three interventions improved hamstring flexibility and passive ankle dorsiflexion (p < 0.001), with increased biceps femoris and medial gastrocnemius fascicle length (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant change in musculotendinous stiffness. The ECC intervention produced a greater improvement in knee flexor and calf eccentric peak torque (p < 0.05), and gait speed (p = 0.024) than the other two interventions. The changes in flexibility and knee flexor strength remained for up to 4 weeks after detraining. Conclusion In conclusion, the present study suggests that home-based ECC may be more beneficial in enhancing physical capacities in older women compared with either DCS or SS interventions
Sisteminga su mažojo krūtinės raumens ilgiu susijusių pečių disfunkcijų ir intervencinių terapijų apžvalga – aktyviai sportuojančių sportininkų atvejis.
No full textA comprehensive study on Pectoralis minor length-related shoulder dysfunctions and intervention treatments is crucial for athletes, especially those in sports requiring repeated shoulder motions and loading, as shoulder injuries can be painful and limit sport participation. Aim of the Research “To assess the Pectoralis Minor Length related shoulder shortness dysfunctions and intervention therapies in Athletes” Objectives of the study 1. To assess changes in Pectoralis Minor muscle length-related shoulder impairments in athletes in active sports as an outcome of intervention. 2. To identify the physiotherapy-based interventions for Management of Pectoralis Minor muscle length-related shoulder impairments. Research Methodology The methodology adopted to assess the Pectoralis Minor Length related shoulder shortness dysfunctions and intervention therapies in Athletes is qualitative analysis. Systematic literature review has been used in the present research. The research papers have been selected using a pre defined inclusion-exclusion criteria. Results The evidence suggests that physiotherapy is an effective method of treating Pectoralis Minor muscle length shortening in athletes of active sports. This literature review presents evidence that physiotherapy therapies are effective in reducing pain and enhancing the length of Pectoralis Minor muscle. Conclusion The research found that here exists a significant difference in the pre and post intervention length of Pectoralis Minor muscle length. The result also found that stretching exercises are the most successful intervention technique that can increase the Pectoralis minor length in athletes
The mediating role of lower body muscle strength and IGF-1 level in the relationship between age and cognition. A MIDUS substudy /
No full textObjective Aging is a natural process associated with a decline in cognition. However, the mediating effect of physical function and circulating myokines on this relationship has yet to be fully clarified. This study investigated how muscle strength and circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels mediate the relationship between age and cognitive functions. Subjects and methods A total of 1255 participants aged 25–74 years included in the Midlife in the United States II study were retrospectively analyzed. In this cross-sectional analysis, we applied a serial mediation model to explore the mediating effects of muscle strength and circulating IGF-1 levels on the relationship between age and cognitive functions. We included potential confounding factors related to sociodemographics, lifestyle, and health status as covariates in the model. Results The results showed that aging had both direct and indirect effects on cognition. As predicted, muscle strength and IGF-1 levels mediated the relationship between age and specific cognitive functions. In addition, mediation analyses indicated that the association between aging and cognitive flexibility, immediate and delayed memory, and inductive reasoning were partially mediated by muscle strength and IGF-1 levels in a serial manner. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the serial multiple mediation roles of muscle strength and IGF-1 levels on the relationship between age and specific cognitive functions. Further longitudinal research should be performed to confirm the serial mediation results
Tourism destination sustainability: the systematic literature review /
No full textThe sustainable development of tourism destinations is a continual and evolving process crucial for long-term value and well-being. However, the existing literature reveals a gap in understanding how to effectively evaluate the sustainable development of tourism objects, with a predominant focus on developed countries. This raises concerns about the applicability of similar strategies in underdeveloped nations. This study employs an analysis of the scientific literature to address the identified research problem. We propose a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to sustainable tourism management, aiming to equalize the distribution of economic, social, and cultural dimensions. Our focus is on developing a theoretical evaluation model that goes beyond conventional frameworks and includes both broad and narrow dimensions. The research uncovers that sustainable development, as presented by various authors, encompasses economic benefits, environmental protection, and social dimension management. We introduce a sustainability management model that surpasses existing systems, offering a holistic perspective. Moreover, we emphasize the significance of voluntary publicity for environmental and socio-cultural activities in enhancing a tourism destination’s image and societal value. Our study contributes a theoretical evaluation model based on global criteria for sustainable tourism. This model not only evaluates the dimensions of coherence broadly but also incorporates specific criteria for a nuanced analysis of the current situation and potential opportunities. The proposed framework aims to guide tourism destinations in achieving economic benefits without compromising the environment and prioritizing the well-being of local communities, thus fostering a more sustainable and equitable development process
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation to combat cognitive aging in people with spinal cord injury: protocol for a single case experimental design study /
No full textIntroduction: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) can experience accelerated cognitive aging. Myokines (factors released from muscle cells during contractions), such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are thought to have beneficial effects on cognition. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) was shown to elicit a large release of myokines. However, the effects of NMES on cognitive function have not been studied. Objective: To present the study protocol for a clinical trial evaluating the effects of NMES aimed at improving cognition and BDNF. Methods: A replicated randomized three-phases single-case experimental design (SCED) with sequential multiple baseline time series and a single-armed prospective trial will be conducted with 15 adults with chronic SCI (> 12 months after injury) above L1 neurological level undergoing 30-min quadriceps NMES, 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Main study endpoints: Primary endpoint is cognitive performance (assessed by a smartphone test) conducted three times per week during the baseline phase with random duration of 3 to 8 weeks, the intervention phase of 12 weeks, and the follow-up phase of 3 weeks after a no measurement rest period of 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints are changes in BDNF levels and cognitive performance measured before the baseline period, before and after intervention and after a 12 weeks follow-up. Conclusion: This will be the first study investigating the effects of 12 weeks NMES on both cognition and BDNF levels in individuals with SCI. The SCED results provide information on individual treatment effect courses which may direct future research
Can information and communication technology be used in physical education classes in an inclusive setting? - A pilot qualitative study /
No full textEffects of obesity with and without exercise training on the functional properties of isolated mouse hindlimb muscles.
No full textResearch Problem: Obesity causes deterioration in health and function of many tissues through multiple metabolic changes. However, force generation of locomotory muscles may also improve due to increased weight-bearing functional overload. Research Aim: To identify effects of obesity on the functional properties of mouse hindlimb muscles and determine whether observed effects are modified with exercise training. Research Tasks: 1. Identify the impact of obesity on contractility of isolated mouse muscles. 2. Determine the effects of exercise training on contractile properties of isolated obese mouse muscles. Hypothesis: Obesity will negatively affect the functional properties of isolated mouse muscles, but regular exercise will mitigate this effect. Methodology: Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups (n=8 per group): control (CON), obese (OB), and obese with exercise training (OB-EX). Both obese groups were ~70% heavier than the CON group due to a feeding of a high-fat diet. OB-EX also underwent standardized 30 min daily training regimen on treadmill 5 times/week for 6 weeks while CON and OB were left sedentary during that time. After the training, the mice were euthanized, and the slowtwitch soleus (SOL) and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were extracted for ex vivo contractility assessments (1200A-LR Muscle Test System, Aurora Scientific Inc., Canada). Results: Exercise did not affect the body mass of the OB-EX group compared to OB. SOL and EDL force did not significantly differ between the groups at any point on the force-frequency curve. Force normalized to muscle mass did not differ between groups either. While no differences were observed in contraction and relaxation time of EDL between groups, obesity led to a shortened twitch halfrelaxation time in SOL muscles of OB compared to CON (136±30 vs. 218 ± 86 ms, p0.05). Conclusions: Obesity does not affect the force generation capacity of isolated mouse SOL and EDL muscles. However, it does alter SOL contractility, leading to faster relaxation
Green Jobs: Barriers and Drivers in the EU /
No full textThere are many barriers to green job expansion in the EU linked to cultural, economic barriers, organizational, political, technological technical, social, and behavioral barriers. The main drivers of green job creation include social norms and rules, governance policies, cultural values, demographic data, socio-economic inclusion, technical, and technological elements, etc. The aim of this paper is to analyze barriers and drivers that can influence green job expansion. The case study on green jobs expansion in the EU is provided based on statistical data from EUROSTAT. The policies and measures aiming to cope with barriers to green job expansion and support drivers of these processes are recommended for EU countries based on research conducted