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Healthy moves: exploring the socio-ecological approach to active transport – how far can we go together :
No full text Climate change has underscored the critical need for society to adopt sustainable behaviours – actions that promote health whileminimising negative impacts on the planet. Among these, ‘high-impact’ health-related behaviours, such as active transport, standout for their signifcant effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.The health and environmental benefts of physical activity are deeply interconnected and are reflected in the 2030 Agenda forSustainable Development (United Nations General Assembly, 2015). Beyond improving individual health, a society that embraces active transport also enjoys additional advantages: reduced fossil fuel consumption, cleaner air, less trafc congestion,and safer roads. Thus, active transport contributes to public health in at least two distinct ways – by enhancing individual healthand longevity, and by improving environmental health, which in turn has secondary benefts for individuals, offering a ‘doublebeneft’.An individual’s behaviour is shaped and established within their social environment – family, peers, organisations, and theprevailing social norms. In addition, broader environmental factors, such as infrastructure that supports active transport, play acrucial role in fostering behaviours that beneft both health and the environment.In response to the UNESCO Sustainable Development Goals and the societal changes driven by climate change, this presentation aims to highlight the importance of individual, interpersonal, organisational, and community factors that enable or hinderactive transport. The analysis is grounded in a socio-ecological approach, examining factors both within and across the differentlevels of the socio-ecological model.This presentation is based on the premise that empowering society to transform is closely linked to human factors and socialconnections. By manipulating these elements – such as rules, norms, and cooperation – across all levels, including institutional(legislation), organisational, and interpersonal, it is possible to signifcantly accelerate the shift towards more sustainable behaviours, step by step
The effect of dynamic and constant fast-precise movement learning on the psycho-emotional state, motor and cognitive functions of patients with Parkinson’s disease :
No full textPurpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of dynamic and constant learning of fast and precise arm movements on cognitive, motor, and psycho-emotional functions in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Dynamic learning, characterised by constantly changing conditions and the need for adaptation, is considered an advanced motor learning strategy, though its effectiveness in Parkinson’s disease remains debated. We hypothesised that dynamic learning would enhance cognitive functions without negatively affecting motor performance or emotional state. Methods: Thirty-six Parkinson’s disease patients (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1–3, aged 55–85) were randomly assigned to control (CG, n = 10), dynamic learning (DL, n = 11), or constant learning (CL, n = 15) groups. The study included: (1) baseline assessment, (2) ten motor learning sessions (DL and CL only), and (3) post-intervention assessment. DL trained with variable targets, CL with a fixed one. Each session involved three sets of 20 dominant-arm movements. Motor, cognitive, and psycho-emotional functions were assessed pre/post intervention. Motor control with a fixed target and movement parameters – reaction time, time to target, average/max speed, and trajectory length – were recorded via DPA-1. Cognitive function was tested using ANAM-4; mood via Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS). Data analysis included Shapiro–Wilk for normality, paired samples t-test for within-group changes, and one-way ANOVA with post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results: Only the DL group showed significant cognitive improvements, with reduced reaction times (RT) in multiple tasks (Simple RT, Go/No-Go, Two-Choice RT, Matching Grids, Memory Search) (p < 0.05). Motor performance improved only in the CL group, including faster RT and higher movement speed (p < 0.05). In the DL group, longer path length in the complex task suggested reduced movement efficiency (p < 0.001). No changes were observed in the CG. In the CL group, vigour increased and anger decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dynamic learning may support cognitive improvement, however, these benefits do not appear to transfer to motor performance, particularly under constant conditions. In contrast, constant learning more effectively enhances motor function and improves emotional state. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring motor learning strategies in Parkinson’s disease by considering individual cognitive, motor, and emotional profiles
DE-PASS best evidence statement (BESt): a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of trials on device-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour and their determinants in children aged 5–12 years /
No full textBackground: To combat the high prevalence of physical inactivity among children, there is an urgent need to develop and implement real-world interventions and policies that promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behaviour (SB). To inform policy makers, the current body of evidence for children's PA/SB interventions needs to be translated. Objectives: The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify modifiable determinants of device-measured PA and SB targeted in available intervention studies with randomized controlled trial (RCT) and controlled trial (CT) designs in children and early adolescents (5-12 years) and to quantify the effects of the interventions within their respective settings on the determinants of PA/SB and the outcomes PA and SB. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and CENTRAL. Studies were considered if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled trials (CTs), included children and/or early adolescents (5-12 years; henceforth termed children), measured PA and/or SB using device-based methods and measured PA and/or SB and determinants of PA/SB at least at two timepoints. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomised Trials (RoB2) for RCTs and Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) for CTs. The quality of the generated evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Robust Bayesian meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of the interventions on the determinants of PA/SB, and the outcomes PA and SB, stratifying by study design, duration of PA/SB measurement, intervention setting and duration of follow-up measurement. Study characteristics and interventions were summarized. Results: Thirty-eight studies were included with a total sample size of n = 14,258 (67% girls). Settings identified were school, family/home, community and combinations of these. The review identified 38 modifiable determinants, spanning seven categories on individual, interpersonal and physical environmental levels, with 66% of determinants on the individual level. Overall, the results indicated trivial-to-moderate effects of the interventions on the determinants of PA and SB, with mostly trivial level of evidence for the presence of an effect (as indicated by a small Bayes factor; BF10 < 3.00). The exceptions were moderate effects on parental PA modelling in the family/home setting and SB measured during specific parts of the school day. Higher quality of evidence was found in the family/home setting compared with other settings. Discussion: Overall, the results indicated that interventions have neither been effective in modifying the determinants of PA/SB, nor changing the PA/SB outcomes in children. In general, the approach in the current review revealed the breadth of methodological variability in children's PA interventions. Research is needed to address novel approaches to children's PA research and to identify potential determinants to inform policy and future interventions
Pritaikyto fizinio aktyvumo poveikis fizinei ir psichinei sveikatai asmenims, sergantiems po COVID: apžvalga.
No full textResearch problem: Lack of evidence-based support for APA in long-term rehabilitation for post-COVID-19 recovery poses a significant challenge to physical/mental health. Many reviewed studies had poorly defined interventions and small participant numbers, undermining their credibility and reliability. (Sanchez et al., 2023). Research am: To evaluate the impact of APA in long-term rehabilitation for post-COVID-19 conditions and overall patient physical and mental well-being in adults. Objectives: 1. To review existing literature on the most common physical and mental health symptoms in individuals with post-COVID conditions. 2. To evaluate the role of adapted physical activity interventions on physical and mental health in individuals recovering from post-COVID conditions. Methods: A narrative review was conducted. The study used a Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar database search. The search approach mainly focused on peer-reviewed articles in English relating to research topics with APA, as long-term rehabilitation primarily focused on adults with post-COVID conditions and managing physical and mental health. Hypothesis: APA interventions are associated with improved physical and mental health for individuals with post-COVID-19 conditions. Major Findings: 1. Barriers to rehabilitation: complexity of clinical setting, need for early discharge, lack of guidelines, risk of post-exertional malaise 2. Types of APA and rehabilitation interventions: aerobic, strength training, respiratory exercises, psychological support, delivered in-person, telehealth, home-based 3. Effectiveness: improved functional exercise capacity, quality of life, physical/mental health Conclusions: APA is an essential long-term rehabilitation intervention for individuals with post-COVID-19 conditions. However, limited research indicates the need for further studies to assess reliability of these findings
Benefits of krill oil supplementation during alternate‐day fasting in adults with overweight and obesity: a randomized trial /
No full textObjectiveTo investigate the effect of krill oil (KO) supplementation during alternate-day fasting (ADF) on body composition and muscle function in healthy adults with overweight.MethodsIn a randomized trial, during the 8-week ADF, participants consumed four capsules per day containing krill oil (KO group) or vegetable oil (placebo group). Each capsule of KO contained 191 mg EPA, 94 mg DHA, 78 mg choline, and 100 mcg astaxanthin. Body mass, fat-free mass (FFM), and handgrip strength (HGS) were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA.ResultsThe study was completed by 41 (25 women and 16 men) participants (age: 39 +/- 10 years, BMI: 31.1 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2)). Body weight reduction was not different (p > 0.05) between groups (KO, -4.6 +/- 1.4 kg; Placebo, -4.5 +/- 1.9 kg). The KO group had no change (p > 0.05) in FFM (-0.2 +/- 0.9 kg) or HGS (-0.2 +/- 0.5 kg). The placebo group experienced a reduction (p < 0.05) in FFM (-1.2 +/- 2.0 kg) and HGS (-0.9 +/- 0.7 kg). Changes in FFM and HGS were different (p < 0.05) between groups.ConclusionsKO supplementation during body weight loss attenuates the decline in FFM and muscle strength. Trial Registration: Identifier (NCT06001632)ConclusionsKO supplementation during body weight loss attenuates the decline in FFM and muscle strength. Trial Registration: Identifier (NCT06001632)
Breaking the cycle - insights into violent and aggressive behavior - from personality traits to social movements /
No full textAcute effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on lactate, IGF-1 and cognition in chronic spinal cord injury: A pilot randomized cross-over study /
No full textIntroduction: Individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) exhibit an accelerated age-related cognitive decline compared to healthy individuals, even after adjusting for mood factors and concomitant traumatic brain injury. We hypothesized that neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on hamstring and gluteal muscles may induce a dose-dependent increase in lactate and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) which is hypothesized to be associated with a temporary enhancement of cognitive performance. Methods: Twenty-two individuals with chronic SCI participated in a randomized cross-over study, receiving NMES on one of both visits. Participants randomly underwent a single session of 30 or 60-minute NMES. Lactate, IGF-1 levels and processing speed on the Symbol Digit Modalities test (SDMT) were tested before, immediately after and 30 minutes after intervention or 60 minutes rest. Results: Lactate levels increased significantly immediately after NMES conditions compared to control (p = 0.004). Lactate increases were larger in the 30-minute NMES group compared to the 60-minute NMES group, consistent with the higher current amplitude applied in the former (100 mA compared to 40 mA). IGF-1 increases did not significantly differ between groups (p = 0.262), and there were no significant differences in SDMT performance changes over time between groups (p = 0.892). Conclusion: Acute NMES did not induce changes in IGF-1 levels or cognitive performance in individuals with SCI. However, 30 min of 100 mA of NMES significantly increased lactate levels, and could be used as a marker of NMES intensity in this population. Further research is required to explore various NMES protocols and their impact on cognitive domains in individuals with SCI
Effect of resistance exercise on body composition, muscle strength and cardiometabolic health during dietary weight loss in people living with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis /
No full textBACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity has tripled over the past 35 years. Although caloric restriction reduces body fat, lean tissue is also lost. Resistance exercise may mitigate these effects. This review assesses the effects of resistance exercise on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with overweight or obesity undergoing dietary weight loss. METHODS: A search was performed in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and CENTRAL. Systematic searches yielded N=6934 studies of which n=25 were relevant for inclusion after screening for eligibility. We included randomised controlled trials of adults (18-65 years) (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) comparing dietary weight-loss interventions with resistance exercise to diet-only weight-loss interventions. The Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias and GRADE (Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) assessment tools were used. A meta-analysis was performed, including those studies that compared dietary weight-loss plus resistance exercise interventions to diet-only weight-loss interventions. RESULTS: Overall, resistance exercise during diet-induced weight loss had no effect on body mass (mean difference between groups: -0.32 kg, p=0.35), with weight loss ranging from -2.5 kg to -20.9 kg in diet plus resistance exercise groups and from -0.7 kg to -20.4 kg in diet-only groups. However, resistance exercise protected against the loss of fat-free mass (between-group standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.40, p=0.0003, moderate certainty) and increased loss of fat mass (SMD: -0.36, p<0.00001, high certainty). Muscular strength was also significantly greater (SMD 2.36, p=0.00001) following the inclusion of resistance exercise (low certainty). No effects of resistance were seen in any of the other cardiometabolic markers studied. CONCLUSION: In people living with obesity and overweight, the addition of resistance exercise to dietary restriction may enhance its beneficial effects. Current evidence, therefore, supports the implementation of resistance exercise during weight loss to attenuate the loss of fat-free mass (moderate certainty), increase loss of fat mass (high certainty) and improve muscle strength (low certainty). PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD 42021266482
