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Evaluation of Echocardiography Results after Severe Mitral Valve Regurgitation Repair Surgery
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Severe mitral valve regurgitation, which occurs primarily or secondary to various cardiovascular diseases, has undergone surgery and valve replacement and artificial valve insertion from several years ago. Within the last few years, severe mitral valve regurgitation has undergone repair surgery. This study was conducted to determine the results of mitral valve repair surgery.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 patients who had undergone surgery with the diagnosis of severe mitral valve regurgitation. Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) was performed for all patients before surgery, and echocardiography was performed one week after surgery and six months later and the results were evaluated in terms of regurgitation in three mild, moderate and severe cases.
FINDINGS: The mean age of patients with secondary mitral regurgitation was 43 – 85 years. In patients with secondary mitral regurgitation, 143 (83%) patients did not have mitral regurgitation, 27 (15%) patients had mild mitral regurgitation and 3 patients had moderate to severe mitral regurgitation, whereas in patients with primary mitral regurgitation, 30 (81%) patients did not have mitral regurgitation, 5 (14%) patients had mild mitral regurgitation and 2 (5%) patients had moderate to severe mitral regurgitation.
CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that mitral valve repair with primary or secondary etiology had good results and can replace artificial valve in the future
The Effects of Diclofenac on Renal Toxicity Disorders Induced by Gentamicin in Rats
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gentamicin, an antibiotic is used to treat infection with gram-negative bacteria. Due to side effects such as renal disorders, its used is limited. In this research the effect of diclofenac on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity was examined.
METHODS: Male Wistar rats(n=32) weighting between 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 in each group):1- control group received no drug, 2- treatment group with gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day i.p) for 8 days, 3- treatment group with diclofenac (0.5 mg/kg/day i.p) for 8 days, 4- treatment group with gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day i.p) and diclofenac (0.5 mg/kg/day i.p) for 8 days. In ninth day, blood pressure and renal artery blood flow and also level of urea, creatinine, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and osmolality were measured in urine and plasma samples. Finally, histological study was performed by using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.
FINDINGS: Co-treatment with diclofenac significantly decreased fractional excretion of potassium (328±17.6; P<0.001) ، fractional excretion of sodium (0.885±0.005; P<0.001), excretion of urea (56.08±5.56; P<0.001), urine osmolality (439±14.3; p<0.01) and creatinine clearance (p <0.001, 0.427 ± 0.01 ml/min/kg) but decreased renal blood flow (3.99±0.2), which had previously been reduced by gentamicin.
CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that diclofenac exacerbates kidney disorders caused by gentamici
Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) for Typing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Urine Samples of Different Patients
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as one of the important causes of urinary infections in hospitals. The aim of the current study is the genetic typing for the number of bacterial strains isolated from patients using MLVA technique.
METHODS: In this study, 70 isolates were collected from different hospitals located in Tehran city. First, DNA extraction was conducted for genotyping analysis by MLVA method. Subsequently, VNTR sequences located in several genes of bacterial genomes such as MS-214, MS-215, MS-217, MS-222, MS-223, MS-142 and MS-173 were amplified by specific primers using PCR technique. After confirming the PCR amplification using electrophoresis and visualization of their bonds on agarose gel, relationship evolutionary graph for the different strains was constructed based on MLVA technique.
FINDINGS: After the electrophoresis of PCR products and determination of VNTR copy-numbers, 70 strains were classified as 39 types and genetic evolutionary tree was also constructed based on VNTRs Data. According to the MST algorithm, 70 clinical strains divided into 11 clonal complexes which these criteria is interpreted as genetic distance based on the difference of VNTR copy numbers for each group.
CONCLUSION: The present study showed that MLVA could be helpful for typing clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. The results also showed that this method had great potential to differentiate those strains with high phenotypic similarity
Relationship between β-Thalassemia minor and Helicobacter pylori infection
Get PDFBackground: Until now, no study has been reported investigating the association between β-thalassemia minor and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. This study was designed to compare H. pylori infection rate between β-thalassemia minor patients and healthy controls.
Methods: A number of 100 β-thalassemia minor patients (50 males, 50 females) and 100 gender-matched healthy controls were prospectively recruited in this study in a period of 3 months. The study population consisted of the people who referred to a health center in Babol, North of Iran, for premarital counseling. H. pylori status was assessed by measuring the anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic information and informed consent were collected from all participants.
Results: The overall H. pylori infection rate was 43%. The infection was significantly more prevalent in thalassemia patients (53%) than in the controls (33%) in both univariate (OR=2.29, 95% CI: 1.3-4.06) and multivariable analyses (OR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.12-3.76). Age was the only significant factor which was positively correlated with the infection in β-thalassemia minor cases (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.2). Gender, blood groups, residency, and education level were not related to the infection.
Conclusions: According to the results, it can be concluded that β-thalassemia minor patients are possibly more susceptible to H. pylori infection than healthy people. Further studies are needed to discover more about the exact mechanisms of increased susceptibility to H. pylori infection in β-thalassemia minor patients
The innate immune response during acute urinary tract infections; an overview
Get PDFThe components of immune system are specific (adaptive immunity) and non-specific (innate immunity). Regardless of antigenic properties, the non-specific components function either as eliminators or barriers of wide range of pathogens. A person is born with innate immunity as the natural resistances, which has three kinds; anatomic mechanical and biochemical factors. The resistances are provided by innate immunity via various chemical, cellular and physical approaches. The colonization, entry and spread of microorganisms can be prevented by innate immunity. Two main sub-divided types of adaptive immunity are humeral and cellular. Active immunity resulting from the development of antibodies in response to the presence of an antigen is a long-term and acquired immunity. This review article summarizes some important potential mechanisms in innate immune system. The host renal tract which has been investigated from many aspects of the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection (UTI) are still poorly defined and require a better understanding of the pathophysiology immune system
Green synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Eucalyptus Mellidora Leaf Extract and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial Effects
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Green production of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly method in which natural solvents are used. Green nanoparticle synthesis methods have priority over chemical and physical methods due to the reduction of cost, time and energy. The purpose of this study was to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluate the antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles.
METHODS: In this experimental study, the extract of Eucalyptus melliodora was combined at a ratio of 1: 1 with 0. 1 M zinc sulfate and kept at room temperature for 15 minutes. Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by spectrophotometric methods, mean diameter of nanoparticles meaturement, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy (SEM). Then, the MIC of zinc oxide nanoparticles was measured on standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus 1431PTCC, Bacillus cereus 1015PTCC, Escherichia coli 1399PTCC and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1571PTCC.
FINDINGS: The absorption peak of ZnO NPs was observed at of 350 nm. The SEM showed ZnO nanoparticles was spherical shape of size ranging from 30 to 50 nm. The highest MIC was observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 0. 0019 mg / ml and the lowest MIC for Bacillus cereus with 0. 62 mg / ml. Also, in comparison with ZnO nanoparticles, Eucalyptus extract and Zinc sulfate had the most antimicrobial activity for zinc oxide nanoparticles and their MIC had significant difference in the effect on the bacteria tested (p <0. 05).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed biological nanoparticles of ZnO and aqueous extract of Eucalyptus as well as zinc sulfate have antimicrobial properties, but the most antimicrobial effects were observed by ZnO NPs
Micronuclei Comparison in Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid Responses
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lichen planus is a mucocutaneous chronic inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. Malignant potential of oral lichen planus (OLP) and lichenoid reactions (OLR) are controversial. Since micronucleus frequency of cells is representative of risk of malignancy, the aim of present study was to evaluate micronucleus frequency in these lesions.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, study group consisted of 20 OLP and 20 OLR which clinically and histopathologically had been confirmed and 20 healthy individuals without oral lesions and systemic disease who presented in oral medicine department of Babol dental college. After receiving written consent, smears were prepared from lesion site at buccal mucosa by cytobrush and were stained at laboratory using Papanicolaou stain. In each slide 500 cells were assessed under light microscope at 400X magnification; mean number of micronucleated cells and mean total numbers of micronuclei were calculated.
FINDINGS: Mean number of micronucleated cells in OLP, OLR and normal mucosa were 5.20±3.73, 5.65±3.66 and 0.95±1.19 and number of micronuclei were 6.75±4.94, 8±4.66 and 1.30±1.72 respectively. Mean number of micronucleated cells and number of micronuclei were significantly greater in OLP and OLR than normal mucosa (p<0.001) but there were no significant differences between OLP and OLR (p=0.67 and p=0.36 respectively). There were no significant differences in mean number of micronucleated cells between reticular and erosive subtypes of OLP and also OLR (p=0.96). There were also no significant differences in mean number of micronuclei between these subtypes (p=0.96 and p=0.93 respectively).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that significant increase in micronucleus frequency of OLP and OLR are probably indicative of higher risk of malignancy in these lesions
High -density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor for diabetes mellitus
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease around the world. To evaluate the risk of diabetes comprehensively, we developed a score model for risk prediction with HDL-C as a protective factor.
Methods: We extracted physical examination data of 2728 individuals. The data contain 18 demographic and clinical variables. To identify the statistical significant feature variables, the backward stepwise logistic regression was used based on the data of the “exploratory population”. To ascertain the cutoff value of the selected variables, we used the Youden index. Then we assigned each variable level a score according to the estimated regression model coefficients and then calculated the individual’s total score. We gained the cutoff value for the total score through the Youden Index and stratified the total score into four levels. We employed the data of “validation population” to test the performance of the score model based on the area under the ROC curve.
Results: Age, LDL-C, HDL-C, BMI, family history of diabetes, diastolic blood pressure and TCHO were selected as statistically significant variables. The diabetes risk score range varied from 0 to 17. The risk level categorized by the total score was low, middle, high and extremely high, with a score range of 0-2, 3-7, 8-12 and 13-17, respectively.
Conclusions: The score model based on physical examination data is an efficient and valuable tool to evaluate and monitor the potential diabetes risk for both healthy and unhealthy people at an individual level
Analgesic effects of lidocaine-ketorolac compared to lidocaine alone for intravenous regional anesthesia
Get PDFBackground: Intravenous regional anesthesia is a simple and reliable method for upper extremity surgery. In order to increase the quality of blocks and reduce the amount of pain, many drugs are used with lidocaine. In this study, the effect of ketorolac-lidocaine in intravenous regional anesthesia was investigated.
Methods: 40 patients undergoing elective upper limb with America Society of Anesthesiologists class I and II were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The first group of 20 patients received 200 mg of lidocaine, and the second group, 200 mg of lidocaine with 20 mg of ketorolac. In both groups, the drug was diluted to 40 ml. In both groups, the onset of sensory block, onset of tourniquet pain, the onset of pain after opening the tourniquet, score of postoperative pain and analgesic prescription in the first 24 hours, during 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours were studied. A measure of the quality of analgesia was evaluated by VAS.
Results: The mean onset of tourniquet pain in the two groups was not significantly different (P=0.443). In the ketorolac group, the onset of pain after opening the tourniquet was significantly longer than lidocaine group (p<0.001). The mean postoperative pain score during the first 24 hours after surgery in the ketorolac group was significantly lower than lidocaine group (p<0.001). The average number of analgesia prescription during the 24 hours after operation was significantly lower in ketorolac group than lidocaine group (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Adding ketorolac to lidocaine for regional anesthesia can reduce the postoperative pain for up to 24 hours after opening the tourniquet
Lifestyle patterns in the Iranian population: Self- organizing map application
Get PDFBackground: The present study evaluated the lifestyle behavior patterns and its associations with demographic factors in the Iranian population.
Methods: A total of 8244 people aged 25-70 years who participated in a national survey in 2011 were included in the study. Factors related to lifestyle (such as diet, physical activity, and tobacco use) have been collected using a questionnaire. A self-organizing map was used for cluster analysis and a multinomial logistic model was used for assessment of associations.
Results: Seven clusters were identified as the following: cluster 1 (15.84%): healthiest lifestyle; cluster 2 (12.45%): excessive consumption of sweet tasting soft drinks, salt, and fast food; cluster 3 (33.73%): no recreational physical activity; cluster 4 (6.86%) alcohol consumption, smoking, and consumption of sweet tasting soft drinks; cluster 5 (14.18%): less salt and oil intake and lack of physical activity; cluster 6 (7.85%): no use of dairy products; cluster 7 (9.08%): the most unhealthy lifestyles; excessive work-related physical activity and smoking and unhealthy diet. Male gender was associated with higher odds of being in clusters 4 and 7. Individuals who were in unhealthy lifestyle clusters were mostly less educated and more self-employed or laborers.
Conclusions: A very small percentage of individuals was in the healthy lifestyle cluster yet they had poor nutrition. Health policy-makers should pay more attention to low recreational physical activity among elder people and in middle-aged and housekeepers, and also to high work-related physical activities that have a strong tendency to be in a cluster with smoking among workers and less educated men