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Relationship between Reproductive Factor and Breast Cancer in Mazandaran Cohort: A Case-Control Study
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Identification of cancer risk factors in the community and prevention planning in high-risk groups can be helpful in cancer prevention program. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between reproductive factors and breast cancer in the Tabari population-based cohort study in a case-control design.
METHODS: This case-control study was performed on the enrolment phase of the Tabari population-based cohort. Patients with breast cancer were considered as case group (51) and non-cancerous individuals (204) as a control group. The two groups were matched based on age category and oral contraceptive pill (OCP) intake. The studied variables included breast cancer history, demographic and reproductive factors.
FINDINGS: Mean age of first pregnancy (22.76±4.99 vs. 20.8±4.16, p=0.005), mean age at first birth (23.57±4.94 vs. 21.66±4.07, p=0.006) and age of marriage (22.24±5.75 vs. 19.54±4.92, p=0.001) in the case group were significantly higher than the control group and the number of pregnancies (3.76±2.22 vs. 4.67±2.76, p=0.032) and number of children (3.27±1.97 vs. 4.16±2.44, p=0.019) in the case group was significantly less than the control group. According to multivariate analysis, the odds of incidence of breast cancer in people with first pregnancy over 22 years was 2.76 times more than (p= 0.027) those with first pregnancy age below 22 years.
CONCLUSION: “Age at first full-term pregnancy” is one of the major risk factors for breast cancer in the area
Simultaneous occurrence of renal and splenic abscesses in a 10-year-old boy
Get PDFBackground: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children and has many complications, but simultaneous occurrence of renal abscess and splenic abscess is rare. Case report: In this case report, a 10-year-old boy with right flank, abdominal pain and high-grade fever was referred to Pediatric Nephrology Ward at Amirkola Childrenchr('39')s Hospital, northern Iran. In this patient abdominal ultrasonography revealed renal and splenic abscesses simultaneously. The patient was treated with kidney abscess drainage with the insertion of double-J (DJ) stent plus antibiotic therapy for about 4 weeks. An abdominal CT scan revealed complete cure and he was discharged with good condition. Conclusions: Simultaneous occurrence of renal and splenic abscess should be considered in any patient accompanied with underline urinary tract obstruction
General health, economic status, and marriage duration as predictors of marital commitment during reproductive age among Iranian married women
Get PDFBackground: One of the important factors involved in a successful marriage during reproductive
age is marital commitment. The aim of this study was to find which factors predict marital
commitment during reproductive age in Iranian married women.
Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study was performed on married women. Adams
and Jones' Dimensions of Commitment Inventory (DCI) were used to assess marital commitment.
In addition, their current mental health was assessed using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).
The socioeconomic status of the participants was calculated based on household income,
employment status, and education level. A total of 160 married women, who were between 15-49
years of age and were from six districts of Babol, were selected using a systematic random
sampling method. Stepwise multiple regressions were used to determine the effect of independent
variables on marital commitment.
Results: The results of multiple regression showed that general health, the duration of marriage,
and the economic status with standard beta coefficients of (-0.324), (-0.259), and (0.173) had the
highest regression effect on marital commitment, respectively. These variables accounted for a
total of 33% of the distribution of marital commitment.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that general health, economic status, and the duration of
marriage are predicable variables for marital commitment. It is necessary to emphasize the benefit
of improving general health and economic status in increasing the degree of marital commitment,
especially among women with longer duration of marriage
Relationship between job burnout and quality of life of nurses in hospitals of Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nursing is a vital profession in the health system and job burnout is a common phenomenon in this profession. It imposes many costs on health systems in addition to the impact on individual and professional lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout and quality of life (QoL) of nurses in hospitals of Guilan University of Medical Sciences.
METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 350 nurses working in teaching hospitals of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Rasht using multistage sampling in 2015. The data gathering tool was a three-part questionnaire including demographic information, World Health Organizations QoL questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF with 26 questions) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (22 questions). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 16.
FINDINGS: Totally, 66.6% of nurses were female and 67.4% of them had less than 10-year work experience. The age range of 60.3% of them was 20-42 years. The overall mean score of QoL in nurses was 62.51±19.99. There was a statistically reverse relationship between frequency and severity of burnout in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment subscales with all areas of QoL.
CONCLUSION: Based on the results, there was a significant and negative relationship between severity and frequency of burnout subscales with all dimensions of QoL; therefore, managers need to pay attention to the symptoms of burnout and adopt educational and management strategies to prevent burnout and improve nurses' QoL
HBS Ag seroclearance and seroconversion time in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
Get PDFBackground: Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance and seroconversion (development of antibodies against HBsAg) can increases the survival of Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage and timing of HBsAg seroclearance and seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Methods: 1026 patients with CHB infection who referred to a private clinic were included. These patients had been followed-up for an average of 15 years. The patients whose HBs Ag was cleared from the blood and remained negative until the end of follow-up were designated as HBs Ag serocleared and the patients whose HBs Ab was positive during follow-upwas designated as HBs Ag seroconverted. The time of seroclearance and seroconversion of patients was recorded. Liver function tests, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and Hepatitis B early antigen (HBe Ag) status were extracted from the patients’ medical records. Data were analysis with SPSS 17. Results: The duration of follow-up was from 2 to 410 months and most patients were males (58.2). The survival rate of HBs Ag positivity after 5, 10 and 15 years were 95.6, 89.4 and 80.7, and 98, 93.5 and 84.9 of patients had not yet developed anti-HBs antibodies after 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. Age, gender and taking medication had no effect on HBs Ag clearance from the blood or anti-HBs production Conclusion: The HBs Ag seroconversion is a rare occurrence, but the incidence of this may increase with time, age and drug consumption. Though there was no relationship in our patients  
Effect of three veneering techniques on fracture resistance and marginal adaptation of zirconia-based crowns
Get PDFIntroduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance (FR) of zirconia-based crowns veneered with different methods and to assess marginal gap before and after veneering.
Materials & Methods: Thirty zirconia copings fabricated by Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) were divided into three groups. In the porcelain layering (PL) group, the copings were manually veneered with VM9 feldspathic porcelain. In the indirect composite (IC) group, the Gradia indirect composite was veneered on zirconia copings, and for the CAD-on (CO) group, the CAD/CAM-fabricated Vita Mark II veneer was cemented onto the copings. For each sample, the marginal gap values at four points (buccal, lingual, mesial and distal) were measured using stereomicroscope and computer software (Motic Images plus 2.0 ML) before and after veneering process. All crowns were cemented on their dies with resin cement and then were loaded by a universal testing machine for failure. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests at significant level of 0.05.
Results: Mean FR was statistically higher in PL group (3005 N) than IC (2026 N) and CO (1605 N) groups (P=0.000). Before and after veneering, mean marginal gap was 43.42μm and 48.47μm for PL group, 44.69μm and 51.06μm for IC group as well as 53.03μm and 56.08μm for CO group, respectively. Marginal gap had no significant difference in study groups before and after veneering (P=0.56 and 0.18, respectively). The lowest change in marginal gap was observed in CO group.
Conclusion: The PL technique might increase the failure resistance of Zirconia-based crowns compared to IC and CO techniques. The marginal gap rate following veneering in all three techniques was within acceptable clinical limits
Superglue self-insertion an unusual case of foreign body into the male urethra – A case report
Get PDFBackground: Foreign body insertion in the urethra and bladder are relatively rare. These patients usually insert foreign body in urethra for eroticism, inquisitiveness, or as a consequence of disinhibited or disturbed behavior. Case presentation: Herein, we report a case of 41-year-old man presented with weak stream and suprapubic pain. Due to incontinence, he instilled superglue into his urethra. On perineal examination, a foreign body was palpable in the penile urethra. A 10 cm dried superglue block got out with incision at glance. Conclusion: Urethral foreign bodies are mostly found on physical examination and clinical history. Although imaging modalities are commonly used for FBs detection, the necessity of imaging modalities are still a controversy
The Effect of Music on the Anxiety of Mothers of Infants Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mothers with premature infants often experience a lot of anxiety, and since music has positive effects on anxiety, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of music on the anxiety of mothers of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.
METHODS: This clinical trial was performed on 120 mothers with infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Rouhani Hospital in Babol and Bu-Ali Sina Hospital in Sari. Samples were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control each consisting of 60 patients. In the experimental group, relaxing music was played daily through mobile phones and headphones for each mother individually for 10 minutes in 10 sessions. No intervention was performed for the control group. Both groups of mothers completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before the start of the study and on the tenth day and were compared.
FINDINGS: The mean age of mothers was 27.8±5.71 years and the mean age of infants was 3.92±3.88 days. In this study, anxiety was relatively severe or severe in 60% of mothers before the intervention. Levels of overt anxiety and covert anxiety in mothers of music groups before the intervention (59.48±13.66), (55.62±12.26) showed a significant decrease compared to after the intervention (31.27±6.57), (33.08±8.66), respectively (p<0.0001).
CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that music is effective in reducing the anxiety of mothers with infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit
A Study of Cultural and Social Factors Affecting the Development of Elderly Sport: A Mixed-Method Study
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Participating in physical activity has many physical and mental benefits for the health of the elderly, and cultural and social factors have a great effect on the participation of the elderly in sports. The aim of this study was to identify the cultural and social factors affecting the development of elderly sports.
METHODS: This mixed-method study including 3 stages was conducted during 2019-2020. Stage 1 was a review study that was performed through analyzing the content of 23 national (8) and foreign (15) researches. Stages 2 and 3 were qualitative study. In the second stage, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 27 experts and commentators, and interviewing continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In the third stage, 15 members of the Delphi group were interviewed in two rounds. Sampling in the second and third stages was targeted and available.
FINDINGS: After content analysis, nine cultural and social factors affecting the development of elderly sport were identified. Playing music in parks, making sports fun for the elderly, creating a culture and motivation in the elderly, creating the right attitude in the elderly, increasing life expectancy in the elderly, creating peace of mind in the elderly, the presence of family members and sport friends with the elderly, intimacy atmosphere between officials, coaches and elderly athletes, helping to solve the elderly's personal problems in order not to leave sports were cultural and social factors affecting the development of elderly sport, which were divided into three areas: environmental, interpersonal and intrapersonal.
CONCLUSION: Based on the results, it is suggested that competitions should be held among the elderly to increase their motivation. Sport coaches should also try to make sports fun. Moreover, the more the media allocates programs to the elderly and talk about their moral and self-confidence; the more motivated the elderly will do exercise
Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema: A case report of rare presentations of foreign body aspiration
Get PDFBackground: Pneumomediastinum (PM) is caused by alveolar rapture. If air leak persists, subcutaneous emphysema occurs. The PM and subcutaneous emphysema have various etiologies. Common causes are respiratory tract infections and asthma exacerbations. Rarely, the PM occurs secondary to foreign body aspiration, and the life-threatening complications will occur without proper treatment. Case report: we report a 2.5- year- old boy who was presented with cough, fever, neck swelling and respiratory distress to Amirkola Childrenchr('39')s Hospital. On examination, he had subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) in neck and upper thorax. He had pneumomediastinum in radiography. The patient was treated with oxygen, antibiotic, and due to the suspicious history of foreign body aspiration he underwent bronchoscopy by which pieces of nuts removed from his right main bronchus. Conclusions: PM and SCE are rare presentations of foreign body aspiration and in such circumstances, the possibility of foreign body should be considered