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Iranian pregnant womenś experiences during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a qualitative study
Get PDFBackground: Prevention and control of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in pregnant women has
become a major concern. The study was conducted to explain the Iranian pregnant women's
experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with conventional content analysis. The pregnant
women were selected through purposive sampling from six urban health centers until data
saturation. Semi structured interviews were conducted through telephone with the interview guide.
Systematic thematic analysis was used to identify and organize themes into clusters and categories
across interviews.
Results: Twelve pregnant women were recruited. Three theme categories were extracted from data
analysis; "unpleasant feelings during pregnancy", "adjusted lifestyle" and “safe pregnancy care”.
The pregnant women, while paying attention to the importance of pregnancy care, were forced to
limit, delay or modify some cares in order to be safe.
Conclusion: The pregnant women experienced unpleasant feelings in this crisis; therefore, they
should receive the necessary consultation to maintain mental health. The pregnant women reported
some changes in their lifestyles and pregnancy care in order to prevent the disease. Regular
training for all pregnant women is necessary to manage pregnancy period while maintaining the
maternal and fetal health in crisis
Evaluation of palatal rugae pattern in different sagittal skeletal relationships in orthodontic patients
Get PDFIntroduction: Palatal rugae is a collection of mucosal folds in front of the palatal and is unique to each individual. Rugae have been studied for various purposes. This research investigates the pattern of palatal rugae with different skeletal relationships in the sagittal dimension in a group of the Iranian population.
Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was examined on 135 pre-orthodontic dental casts. The patients were grouped as Class I, Class II, and Class III according to the Nasion -A to Nasion -B angle (ANB) 45 patients in each group. Palatal rugae were recorded based on length, orientation, and pattern in each group, then compared. Data were analyzed by Chi-square, ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test. In this study p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean number of total rugae was significantly different among groups (p value=0.02). Cl III malocclusion had less number of rugae in comparison to other groups (p value=0.03). The number of straight pattern was significantly different between groups, (p value=0.04) and Cl I malocclusion had more straight pattern than other groups .
Conclusion:This study showed some differences in the palatal rugae pattern between different classes of malocclusion according to Angle’s classificatin. In addition, orientation of some rugae were also found to be significantly different between malocclusion groups
Analysis of the Results of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment Program
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Risk assessment is one of the most important strategies in estimating the risk of cardiovascular disease and controlling the risk factors. In Iran, half of all deaths and 79% of deaths due to non-communicable diseases are attributed to cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of cardiovascular disease risk assessment program in Mazandaran province.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2019 on 600 patients referred to comprehensive health centers of Noor and Mahmoudabad cities in Mazandaran province. The data collection tool was a checklist containing the risk factors studied in the SIB system. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage as well as analytical statistical tests such as chi-square, regression and analysis of variance were used using SPSS software version 19.
FINDINGS: The prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease including history of diabetes, history of hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol, family history of diabetes and heart disease were 36.5%, 45.5%, 42.3%, 34.8%, 23.5% and 10%, respectively. The four variables of age, history of diabetes and hypertension, and blood cholesterol levels were significantly associated with the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease. With increasing one year of age, the 10-year risk level increased by 15% (p<0.001), and by seven times in people with a history of diabetes (p<0.001) and increased by 83% in people with a history of high blood pressure compared to others individuals (p=0.022).
CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that in Mazandaran province, four variables of age, history of diabetes and hypertension and cholesterol levels are the most common factors that are associated with 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease
A New Variation of Omohyoid Muscle: A Case Report
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The omohyoid muscle is one of the muscles among the infrahyoid muscles. Due to the connections and proximity of this muscle to the brachial plexus, carotid sheath, phrenic nerve and sternocleidomastoid muscle, it is very important to be aware of all possible variations of this muscle in terms of anatomic, clinical and surgical factors.
CASE REPORT: During the dissection of posterior carotid triangle on the left side of the neck of a 55-year-old male cadaver (who had been purchased about two years ago from Tehran University of Medical Sciences) for master's students of anatomy in the dissection room of Babol University of Medical Sciences, it was observed that instead of passing under the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid muscle passes through its two origins connected to the sternum and the clavicle.
CONCLUSION: This type of variation of the omohyoid muscle can be very important due to the proximity of this muscle to the surrounding elements and its effect on the large vessels of the carotid sheath and surrounding tissues
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a child with diabetic ketoacidosis: A rare complication
Get PDFBackground: Spontaneous pneumomediastinium (SPM) can be due to increased intrathoracic pressure. Its occurrence with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a very rare, but may be caused by severe vomiting or deep, rapid, and labored (Kussmaul) breathing.
Case Report: The patient is a 15-year-old girl with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who has been hospitalized due to nausea, severe vomiting, dyspnea, abdominal and chest pain. Based on physical examination and imaging (CXR and chest CT scan), pneumomediastinium (PM) was confirmed. The patient received conservative treatment for PM and treatment for DKA. The patient finally discharged after 5 days in a good general condition.
Conclusion: SPM is a rare complication of DKA, usually with a good prognosis if diagnosed and treated timely
Effect of antenatal steroid before elective cesarean section on prevention of respiratory morbidities of full-term neonates
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Elective cesarean section (ECS) increases neonatal respiratory complications like transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This pilot study examined the effect of antenatal steroids on the prevention of respiratory problems in full-term neonates born via ECS. Methods: This experimental study was carried out on full-term neonates (39-42 weeks) born by ECS to the mothers admitted to Babol Clinic Hospital, northern, Iran in 2016. The intervention group received betamethasone (12 mg, intramuscular, once a day) for 2 days before ECS plus conventional care, but the control group received only conventional care. The rate of respiratory complication and the admission rate of the newborn ward and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were compared between two groups. Findings: Overall, 200 full-term neonates (100 neonates in the experimental group and 100 neonates in the control group) were enrolled. Nine neonates (9) in the experimental group and 8 neonates (8) in the control group had TTN (P=0. 64), and one (1) neonate in the experimental group and one neonate (1) in the control group had RDS (P=1). Conclusion: Antenatal corticosteroid administration to the mothers before ECS with gestational ages of 39-42 weeks does not reduce the incidence of respiratory complications.  Thus, further studies are needed to determined its effects in gestational age group more than 39 weeks
Pattern of infectious diseases in northern Iran: An approach to internal medicine management
Get PDFBackground: Despite the development of their prevention and treatment, infectious diseases cause high mortality, many disabilities and inadequate living conditions worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of infectious diseases in northern Iran with an approach to internal medicine management. Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted in 2019 on all 7095 infectious diseases patient records that referred to Ghaemshahr Razi Hospital, Mazandaran Province, Iran during 2012-2018. A checklist prepared by investigator was used to collect the data. The extracted data were coded and entered into SPSS 22 and analyzed using K2 and independent t-test at p<.05. Results: The mean age of the study patients was 29.7±26.4. 4372 (61) of the cases were males and the mean duration of hospitalization was 41.6±33.5. Age was significantly correlated to infectious diseases (P=.001). Gastroenteritis was the most common infectious disease among the men and women with 2442 (60.5) and 1594 (39.47), respectively. Based on the  Pearsonchr('39')s correlation test, the relationship between leptospirosis, brucellosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, shigellosis, sepsis and infectious mononucleosis with gender, habitation, admission mode, discharged mode and age was significant (p<.05). Conclusion: As the high frequent diseases were gastroenteritis, leptospirosis, brucellosis and sepsis and an increasing trend was in the prevalence of gastroenteritis, leptospirosis and lung tuberculosis, health system managers should consider training courses, preventive strategies, real-time interventions, increased hospital bed rate for patients with infectious diseases and so on
Presenting A Model and Ranking of Factors Effective on Controlling and Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic in Babol, Northern Iran
Get PDFBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 virus has affected the health and economy of countries with a widespread epidemic worldwide. Overcoming this situation requires identifying the factors effective on controlling and coping with this epidemic to increase resistance to the virus and contribute to the social, economic and social development of the community. The purpose of this study is to present a model and ranking of factors affecting the counteraction to COVID-19 pandemic in Babol, northern Iran.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 280 officials and executive staff involved in COVID-19 control in Babol through simple random sampling method. In order to provide a model and ranking of factors effective on controlling and coping with COVID-19, researcher-made questionnaires including 63 questions and ten factors of public notices and relations, educational factors, organizational factors, cultural factors, social factors, health processes, crisis management, motivation, extracurricular collaborations, and epidemiological and demographic factors were designed based on scores of 1 to 5 in Likert scale, and then the model was tested and the factors were ranked.
FINDINGS: The results show that the model of factors effective on controlling and coping with COVID-19 has a good and strong fit and the ranking of these factors in Babol includes public notices and relations (6.19), educational factors (06.07), organizational factors (06.06), cultural factors (5.89), social factors (5.60), health processes (5.48), crisis management (5.46), motivation (4.85), extracurricular collaborations (4.79) and epidemiological and demographic factors (4.62), respectively.
CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that these ten factors were effective in counteracting and controlling COVID-19 in Babol, among which, public notices and relations and education had a more effective role
Evaluating the effect of a herb on the control of blood glucose and insulin-resistance in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes (a double-blind clinical trial)
Get PDFBackground: Different benefits of various herbal medicines in decreasing blood sugar have been reported in different clinical trials so far. Considering the growing tendency toward these combinations and the booming market, inappropriate advice is growing accordingly. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the effects and possible complications of such combinations on health status and blood glucose control. Methods: Two 38-subject groups were formed and a 12-week treatment program was administered for both groups. The inclusion criteria were failure to control blood glucose with two oral medicines, unwillingness to inject insulin. The medicine was prepared in capsules by Booali Company. Each capsule weighed 750 mg and contained nettle leaf 20 (w/w), berry leaf 10 (w/w), onion and garlic 20 (w/w), fenugreek seed 20 (w/w), walnut leaf 20 (w/w), and cinnamon bark 10 (w/w) all in powder. Results: At the beginning of the study, there was no significant difference between the subjects regarding the evaluated parameters, but after the intervention, the level of glucose was significantly lower in fasting (P=0.0001) and 2-hour postprandial(P=0.002) levels. The level of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (P=0.0001) also decreased from 0.33±9.72 to 0.20±8.39 . Finally, the level of insulin resistance reduced from 1.9±4.1 to 1.4±2.6 (P=0.001) after consuming herbal medicine. Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, the herbal combination was effective in controlling blood sugar, and considering the reduction of HbA1c by 1.31 , it seems that the herbal combination is an effective medicine to treat diabetes.  
Prevalence and Factors related of psychiatric symptoms in low risk pregnancy
Get PDFBackground: Psychiatric disorders are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes both for mother and child. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and related demographic risk factors of psychiatric symptoms among the pregnant women in Babol City. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in five private and public obstetrics clinics of Babol city. During routine appointments of prenatal care, 176 pregnant women filled in three questionnaires including; sociodemographic questionnaire, Edinburg Prenatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25). Wilcoxon test, Spearman correlation, and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to interpret the data. Results: The prevalence of depressive disorders was 15.4 for Edinburg scores ≥13.  The overall rate of maternal psychiatric symptoms (global severity index or GSI scores ≥ 1.75) was 48.5. The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was high; for 25 somatization, 258 anxiety, obsession-compulsion disorders or OCD 6.4, 8.8 interpersonal sensitivity, 5.3 phobia, 7.6 paranoid ideation, and 1.2 psychoticism. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that pregnant women with history of abortion in previous pregnancy were at risk of depressive symptoms more (β=3.18, CI 1.28-7.93, p=0.01) than those without history of abortion. Also, the only demographic factor related to psychiatric symptoms was the age of pregnant women; younger age was associated with higher symptom levels for GSI ((r=-0.17). Conclusion: The high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, especially depressive symptoms, in pregnant women highlights the need for continued research on screening, identifying the risk factors, and developing effective treatments for mental disorders in pregnant women