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Investigation of quality parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) meat marinated with traditional method used in Anatolia during storage at −18 °C
No full textImproving the sensory quality of fish meat is crucial aspect to enhance fish consumption. In this study, the cooking methods in some Anatolian cities where common carp is consumed very popularly were investigated, and carp meat was marinated using different ratios of lemon juice (0.00%, 40.00%, 50.00%, and 60.00%) and salt (10.00%) using the traditional method. After marinating, the effects on the sensory, chemical, and microbiological quality of carp fillets stored at −18 °C were investigated. As a result of the research, it was observed that lemon had positive effects on the shelf life of fish meat. Peroxide value (PV), pH value, Thiobarbituric Acid (TBARS), the total number of psychrophilic bacteria, and the total number of yeast and molds were lower in the groups marinated with lemon juice and salt compared to the control group. In addition, it was observed that the panelists liked the carp meat of the groups marinated with lemon juice
What factors affect treatment effectiveness in rheumatoid arthritis: measurement a multidimensional
No full textThe aim of the study was to examine the effects of socio-demographic characteristics, disease -related characteristics and health care use related-characteristics on the treatment effectiveness of rheumatoid arthritis patients, both separately and together.Material and Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 440 rheumatoid arthritis patients for 99% confidence level, and this sample was reached based on the convenience sampling method. Patients who received at least one anti-TNF therapy were included in the study. Treatment effectiveness levels of rheumatoid arthritis patients were measured with a questionnaire. In the analysis of the study, four different regression models were established. In the first model, socio-demographic characteristics; in the second model, disease characteristics; in the third model, health care use characteristics: in the fourth model, the effect of all these variables on treatment effectiveness was examined.Results: In the study, smoking status, age (socio-demographic characteristics), drug regimen complexity, comorbidity status, education about the disease, disease duration (disease characteristics), and a number of admissions (health care use characteristics), were found to have a significant effect on treatment effectiveness.Conclusion: In the study, the factors affecting the treatment effectiveness were determined. Therefore, it is important to consider these factors revealed in this study in order to increase the treatment effectiveness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Missing link in environmental policy: honey bees
Get PDFDoğal kaynakların rasyonel ve ihtiyatlı kullanılması, insan ve çevre arasındaki dengenin korunmasını gerektirmiştir. Fakat insan-çevre ilişkisi bu şekilde gelişmemiş, daha çok insanın çevreye “tahakkümü” doğrultusunda ilerlemiştir. Bunun sonucunda yine insanlığı ve tüm canlı hayatını tehdit eden çevre sorunları meydana gelmiştir. Gıda güvenliği de bu çevre sorunlarından biridir. Gıda güvenliğinin temelinde iki unsur vardır: İlki, artan nüfusa temiz ve sağlıklı gıda tedariki sağlamak ikincisi ise gıda üretimi yapılırken ekosisteme zarar vermemektir. Ancak tarımsal faaliyetlerde kullanılan tarım ilaçları ekosisteme geri dönülemeyecek zararlar verebilmektedir. Bu zarara maruz kalan ekosistemin bir parçası da bal arılarıdır. Bal arıları pek çok açıdan ekosistem ve insanlık için hayati öneme sahiptir. Ancak yanlış ve bilinçsizce kullanılan tarım ilaçları, bal arılarının kimi zaman ölümüne kimi zaman da sağlıklarının bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu durumu bertaraf etmenin bir yolu tarım ilaçlarını ihtiyatlı kullanmak, bazılarını yasaklamak ve/veya kısıtlamaktır. Bir başka yolu ise mevcut arıcılık tekniğini geliştirmektir. Bu anlamda çalışmanın amacı bal arılarını bir çevre politikası yaklaşımıyla ele almak; artan nüfus karşısında sürdürülebilir arıcılık için; şehir arıcılık modeli geliştirmektir. Bu çalışmada yazılı ve çevrimiçi ulaşılabilen çalışmalardan faydalanılarak; betimleyici bir anlatımla; tarım ilaçlarının bal arılarına verdikleri zarar gıda güvenliği kapsamında incelenmiş; sonra da, çevre politikalarında kayıp halkayı tamamlamak adına “şehir arıcılığı” modeli önerilmiştir.Rational and cautious use of natural resources, necessitated maintaining the balance between human and environment. However, the human-environment relationship has not developed in this way, but has progressed in the direction of the “domination” of the environment by people mostly. As a result, environmental problems that threaten humanity and all living things have occurred. Food safety is one of these environmental problems. There are two elements in the basis of food safety. The first is to provide clean and healthy food to the growing population, and the second is to not harm the ecosystem while producing food. However, pesticides used in agricultural activities can cause irreversible damage to the ecosystem. Honey bees are a part of the ecosystem that is exposed to this damage. Honey bees are of vital importance to the ecosystem and humanity in many ways. However, pesticides that are used incorrectly and unconsciously sometimes cause death and sometimes deterioration of health of honey bees. One way to avoid this situation is to use pesticides prudently, to ban and/or restrict some of them. Another way is to improve the existing beekeeping technique. In this sense, the aim of the study is to deal with honey bees with an environmental policy approach; for sustainable beekeeping in the face of growing population; city beekeeping model is to develop. In this study, by making use of current studies in the written and online literature; with a descriptive narrative; the damage of pesticides to honey bees has been examined within the scope of food safety. In the continuation of this research, the “city bee-keeping” model has been proposed in order to complete the missing link in environmental policies
Eternity As A Concept Determining The Purpose and Method of Sufism: The Idea of Human Eternity in Junayd al-Baghdādῑ
Get PDFİslâm düşünce geleneğinde daima ikmâl edici ve kuşatıcı bir misyonla faaliyet gösteren tasavvuf, âlem ile Allah irtibatını, diğer disiplinlerden farklı bir gâye ve farklı bir yöntemle izah etmektedir. İslâmî gelenekte tedâvül eden hemen her tasavvur ve tasdik için de daha geniş ve derin anlamlar teklif eden sûfîlerin dayandıkları bazı üst ilkeler vardır. Bunlardan biri de insanın âlemin herhangi bir ferdi olarak değil, Allah’ın husûsî bir kurgusu olarak var olduğu inancına kaynaklık eden “ezeliyet” kavramı veya ruhun ezelîliği düşüncesidir. Ezeliyet kavramını normatif geleneğin hassasiyetlerinden uzak ama yine de Ehl-i sünnet anlayışına muvâfık bir tarzda yorumlayan sûfîler, kavrama tasavvufun hemen hemen bütün meselelerini taşıyabilecek bir kapasite tanımışlardır. Husûsen tasavvuf tarihinin inşa edici simalarından Cüneyd-i Bağdâdî (ö. 297/909), insan ve Allah arasındaki irtibatın boyutlarını “ruh” üzerinden ele alarak beşerî vücûdda ilahi bir unsur olan ruha yönelmeyi düşünce sisteminin merkezi haline getirmiştir. Bu konudaki mülahazalarıyla “Allah insanın nesi olur?” veya “İnsan nerelidir?” gibi çok temel iki soruya cevap arayan Cüneyd, bir şekilde “ruhun ezeliyeti” düşüncesine ulaşmıştır. Öyle ki bu konu hakkında öne sürdüğü fikirler, Cüneyd ile birlikte tasavvuf ilminin gâyesinin “ezeliyete vuslat”, yönteminin ise “ezelî ahde vefâ” olarak güncellendiğini söylememizi mümkün kılmaktadır. Cüneyd’in tevhîd anlatılarının ana temasını oluşturan “mîsâk” olgusu ile tevhîdin usûlü olarak takdîm ettiği “fenâ” tecrübesi bu noktada Cüneyd’in ezeliyet düşüncesini kavramak bakımından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu makale, mîsâk ve fenâ gibi kavramsal referanslardan hareketle, taşıyıcı bir kavram olarak ezeliyetin, Cüneyd’in düşünce sistemindeki yerini ve etkinliğini ortaya koymayı, aynı zamanda kavramın tasavvuf ilminin gâyesi ve yönteminin belirlenmesine nasıl kaynaklık ettiğini açığa kavuşturmayı amaçlamaktadır.Sufism, which has always been active with a complementary and all-encompassing mission in the Islamic thought tradition, has explained the contact between the world and Allah in a distinct purpose and method than other disciplines. There are certain higher principles on which the Sufis lean on, who offer broader and deeper meanings for almost every conception and affirmation that is practiced in the Islamic tradition. One of them is the “concept of eternity” or the “eternity of the human spirit”, which is the source of the belief that man does not exist as any member of the world, but as a special fiction of Allah. The Sufis, who interpret the concept of eternity in a manner that is far from the sensitivities of the normative tradition but nevertheless compatible with the understanding of Ahl al-Sunnah, have opened a capacity that can carry almost all the issues of Sufim to the term. Particularly Junayd al- Baghdādῑ (d. 297/909), one of the founding thinkers of the history of Sufism, considered all the dimensions of the contact between man and Allah through the “soul” and made it the center of his thought system to turn to the soul, which is an element of divine origin in the human body, and to realize its subtleties. With these considerations, Junayd, seeking answers to two fundamental questions, “What is Allah to the man?” or “Where is man from?” has somehow been led to the idea of the eternity of the soul. His ideas on this subject enable us to state that the purpose of Sufism was renewed as “returning to eternity” and its method as “loyalty to the covenant”. The phenomenon of “mithāq”, which constitutes the main theme of Junayd’s tawheed narratives, and the experience of “fanā” which he presents as the method of true tawheed, are also of great importance in terms of comprehending his idea of eternity. This article aims to reveal the place and effectiveness of eternity as a carrier concept in Junayd’s thought system and to clarify how the concept is the source of determining the purpose and method of Sufi science based on conceptual references such as mithāq and fanā
Designing goal-oriented online speaking activities for EFL learners in a post-pandemic world: Insights from CEFR companion volume
No full textThe Covid-19 pandemic continues to affect every aspect of life. English language education has been shifted from face-to-face education to online education as a result of sudden decisions. English language teachers and learners are expected to adapt to this sudden change and manage the process effectively, without considering their technological competence and knowledge about technology's integration into foreign language pedagogy. In the process of teaching English as a foreign language, speaking skills teaching, which is often neglected compared to other skills, has become more limited in online education due to various reasons. There is not enough study in the existing literature on the design of digital speaking activities. Therefore, the current book section deals with the design of goal-oriented digital speaking skills activities within the framework of the CEFR CV. Additionally, examples of goal-oriented digital speaking activities are presented in the present book chapter. The chapter will guide language teachers to design digital speaking activities appropriate to CEFR CV
Alginate/carboxymethylcellulose-based hydrogels as pH-sensitive drug delivery systems: facile production with enhanced degradation, thermal and mechanical properties
No full textpH-Sensitive alginate (ALG)/sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were synthesized using a novel technique to utilize as a drug carrier in this study. The characterization of hydrogels was performed using FTIR (Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy), SEM(scanning electron microscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), gel content and mechanical tests. The last technique is new and it is compared with the most well-known ionic crosslinking method to investigate the effectiveness of the technique. Gel content, degradation and thermal and mechanical stabilities were found to be higher. Swelling and degradation behaviors of hydrogels were studied in simulating gastric juice of pH 1.2 or simulating intestinal fluid of pH 6.8 and simulating colon fluid of pH 7.4 at 37 °C. The maximum swelling degree was observed at pH 7.4, and the minimum swelling degree was obtained at pH 1.2. An Anti-arrhythmics drug, propranolol hydrochloride (PPN), was loaded onto the obtained hydrogels as a model drug. Encapsulation efficiency (%) and drug loading amount (g/g) of ALG/CMC hydrogels synthesized by a new technique were found to be 61–68.4% and 0.152–0.171 g/g, respectively. The values of initial burst release at 15 min (%), drug released at 7 h (%) and equilibrium drug release were researched. Different kinetic model parameters (zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer–Peppas models) were calculated to investigate the drug release mechanism. The engineered hydrogels displayed controlled swelling capacity, cavitary surfaces, more porosity, high degradation resistance, gel content, thermal and mechanical properties and controlled drug release. These findings suggest that hydrogels synthesized by this new technique may be useful as a drug delivery system
Spor Oluşturan Bağırsak Parazitlerinin Pentaplex Real-Time PCR ile Tanımlanması
Get PDFSpore-forming intestinal parasites; Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora spp., Cytoisospora spp., Encephalitozoon spp., and Sarcoystis spp. are very common in immunocompromised patients, but these parasites are overlooked by healthcare proffesionals. It was aimed to develop a new pentaplex real-time PCR panel for the identification of spore-forming intestinal parasites in this study. Methods: Primer-probes for pentaplex real-time PCR were designed using the “PrimerQuest Tool (Integrated DNA technologies, Coralville, USA) software program” and “Multiple sequence alignment use a computer software Primer Express™Software v3.0.1 Lience (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, USA)”. The primer-probes designed in the study were spore-forming Cryptosporidium spp. (ATCC®87715™), Cyclospora spp. (ATCC®PRA-3000SD™), Cystoispora spp. (KF648871), Encephalitozoon spp. (FJ026010) and Sarcocystis spp. (ATCC®CCL-70) parasites were amplified with DNA isolates from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and then these primer-probes were validated with 232 DNA samples obtained from the stools of the patient samples. Results: It was found that Cycle Threshold (Ct) ±25.7, Standard curve (R2 ): ±0,993, and Efficiency (E): %96,1 according to the results of multiplex real-time PCR analysis. Similar results were found in pentaplex real-time PCR analysis of DNA isolates of stool samples. When the pentaplex real-time PCR results of DNA samples isolates from stool samples were compared with the positivie predictive value results of traditional methods, it was found that the pentaplex results were higher. Conclusion: The new designed pentaplex real-time PCR panel can be used in the diagnosis of spore-forming intestinal parasites, which are very common in immunocompromised patients. Thus, the diagnosis of five different parasites can be made faster, more economically and faster with a single reaction.Spor oluşturan bağırsak parazitleri; Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora spp., Cytoisospora spp., Encephalitozoon spp., ve Sarcoystis spp. bağışıklığı baskılanmış hastalarda çok yaygındır, ancak bu parazitler sağlık personeli tarafından göz ardı edilir. Bu çalışmada spor oluşturan bağırsak parazitlerinin tanımlanması için yeni bir pentaplex real-time PCR panelinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Pentaplex real-time PCR için primer-problar “Primer Quest Tool (Integrated DNA technologies, Coralville, USA) software programı” ve “Multiple sequence alignment use a computer software Primer Express™Software v3.0.1 Lience (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, USA)” programı kullanılarak tasarlandı. Çalışmada tasarlanan primer-problar, Amerikan Tipi Kültür Koleksiyonu (ATCC)’nunda temin edilen, spor oluşturan Cryptosporidium spp. (ATCC®87715™), Cyclospora spp. (ATCC®PRA-3000SD™), Cystoispora spp. (KF648871), Encephalitozoon spp. (FJ026010), and Sarcocystis spp. (ATCC®CCL-70) parazitlerinin DNA izolatları ile amplifiye edildikten sonra hasta örneklerinden elde edilen 232 DNA örneği ile doğrulandı. Bulgular: Pentaplex real-time PCR analizi sonuçlarına göre analizin döngü Eşiği (Ct) ±25,7, standart eğrisi (R2 ): ±0,993 ve verimliliği (E): %96,1 olarak bulundu. Dışkı örneklerinin DNA izolatlarının pentaplex real-time PCR analizinde de benzer sonuçlar bulundu. Dışkı örneklerinden izole edilen DNA örneklerinin pentaplex sonuçları ile geleneksel yöntemlerin pozitif öngörme değerinin yüksek olduğu bulundu. Sonuç: Bağışıklık sistemi baskılanmış hastalarda çok sık görülen sporlu bağırsak parazitlerinin tanısında yeni tasarlanan pentaplex real-time PCR paneli kullanılabilir. Böylece beş farklı parazitin tanısı tek bir reaksiyon ile daha hızlı, daha ekonomik ve daha hızlı konulabilir
Mathematics learning with augmented reality in early childhood education
No full textWith the rapidly developing technology, the use of AR applications in the educational process is becoming widespread as a new field of study. When the literature was examined, there were no studies investigating AR applications and evaluating them as a mathematics education tool in early childhood. In this context, this study aims to determine the AR applications that can be used in the early childhood mathematics education process and to examine the content, mathematical skills, and functionality of these applications
Exploring collaborative problem solving in virtual laboratories: a perspective of socially shared metacognition
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Abstract
Socially shared metacognition is important for effective collaborative problem solving in virtual laboratory settings, A holistic account of socially shared metacognition in virtual laboratory settings is needed to advance our understanding, but previous studies have only focused on the isolated effect of each dimension on problem solving. This study thus applied learning analytics techniques to develop a comprehensive understanding of socially shared metacognition during collaborative problem solving in virtual laboratories. We manually coded 126 collaborative problem-solving scenarios in a virtual physics laboratory and then employed K-Means clustering analysis to identify patterns of socially shared metacognition. Four clusters were discovered. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate how the clusters were associated with the outcome of collaborative problem solving and also how they related to the difficulty level of problems. The findings of this study provided theoretical implications to advance the understanding of socially shared metacognition in virtual laboratory settings and also practical implications to foster effective collaborative problem solving in those settings
Oxidative stress levels and dynamic thiol-disulfide balance in preterm newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the oxidative stress (OS) levels and dynamic thiol-disulfide balance in preterm newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Methods: This prospective study included newborns separated into 2 groups, those with BPD (case) or without BPD (control). The 2 groups were compared by clinical and laboratory findings. The OS parameters total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), OS index (OSI), native thiol (NT), and total thiol were measured within the first day after birth. Oxygen requirements were measured using the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) recorded in the first hour after birth/admission and the average FIO2 within 28 days of the birth.
Results: Infants diagnosed with BPD had a significantly lower gestational age and birth weight and a lower 5-min Apgar score (P < .05). Infants with BPD also had a higher rate of respiratory distress syndrome, rate of use of surfactant therapy, duration of ventilation therapy, and duration of hospital stay compared with control (P = .001, P = .001, P = .001, and P = .001, respectively). Plasma TAS and NT levels of newborns with BPD were significantly lower than newborns without BPD (P < .05). In the BPD group, plasma TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher than in the control group