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Handbook of Research on Perspectives on Society and Technology Addiction
No full textInternet-based technologies prevail in most of the world. Along with the positive features of digital technologies that permeate our lives in almost every area, including lifestyles and daily practices, the traces of negative aspects have also become evident. Digital addiction is among the most important of these aspects. It is obvious that communication, which has been maintained in various forms since the beginning of humanity, has been shaped by the period in which it is lived. The technology-based transformation has transformed communication, which has been adopted to the “internet” in the world, into a completely different form. Communication, which has become sustainable at any time and anywhere, regardless of location, led by the never-ending elements of “continuity” and “interaction,” has turned into an indispensable form. Perspectives on Society and Technology Addiction examines every subject of digital addiction in an interdisciplinary way. It discusses the issues about what technology addiction is, how to deal with this addiction, how to use the existing technology in a positive way, how to deal with this technology for disadvantaged groups, and concerns in the fields of social science and communication science. Covering topics such as Consumer 5.0, experience design, and information markets, this premier reference source is an essential resource for sociologists, policymakers, students and educators of higher education, researchers, and academicians
The antagonistic effects of temozolomide and trichostatin a combination on MGMT and DNA mismatch repair pathways in Glioblastoma
No full textGlioblastoma is the most aggressive and fatal form of brain cancer. Despite new advancements in treatment, the desired outcomes have not been achieved. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-choice treatment for the last two decades and has improved survival rates. Emerging studies have shown that targeting epigenetics in glioblastoma can be beneficial when combined with clinically used treatments. Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has anti-cancer properties in various cancers. No data concerning the TMZ and TSA relationship was shown previously in glioblastoma therefore, we aimed to determine the likely therapeutic effect of the TMZ and TSA combination in glioblastoma. The T98G and U-373 MG, glioblastoma cell lines, were used in this study. TMZ and TSA cytotoxicity and combination index were performed by MTT assay. The expression of DNA repair genes (MGMT, MLH-1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6) was detected using RT-PCR. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Combination index calculations revealed antagonistic effects of TMZ and TSA in terms of cytotoxicity. Antagonistic effects were more apparent in the T98G cell line, which is expressing MGMT relatively higher. MGMT and DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) genes were upregulated in the T98G cell line, whereas downregulated in the U373-MG cell lines under TMZ and TSA combination treatment. It is concluded that MGMT might be playing a more active part than MMR genes in TMZ resistance to TMZ and TSA antagonism. This is the first study elucidating the TMZ and TSA relationship in cancer cell lines
A generic platform for self-illuminating unimolecular systems enabling photodynamic therapy
No full textThis work delineates a generic platform, 1-((1,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophthalazin-6-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl 2-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoate, (conjugate 1), for self-illuminating unimolecular systems that can both glow in physiological pH (7.4) and enable photodynamic therapy (PDT) in highly acidic environments. It is noteworthy that conjugate 1 induces chemiluminescence upon treatment with KO2 at physiological pH. Also, it is remarkable that this straightforward design effectively boosts the singlet oxygen generation. Most strikingly, conjugate 1 can function as a photosensitizer even in highly acidic environments. Crucially, conjugate 1 shows in vitro phototoxicity when illuminated for 30 min. Furthermore, the capability of conjugate 1 as a self-illuminating PDT agent is explored. To our delight, we noted that conjugate 1 can eliminate 79% of cancerous cells upon chemical excitation being triggered in vitro. The data render its efficiency as a self-illuminating anticancer therapy agent. Last but not least, conjugate 1 can successfully inhibit the growth of bacteria. Also, we found that the shelf life of the acidic beverages can be extended from 2 days to ≅ 6–7 days after photodynamic sterilization with conjugate 1. To our best knowledge, this is the first example of luminol-based self-illuminating unimolecular systems enabling PDT for anticancer and antibacterial activities
A novel electrochemical biosensor based on palladium nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide-polyaminophenol matrix for the detection and discrimination of mitomycin C-DNA and acyclovir-DNA interaction
No full textBoth the design of molecules that will interact specifically with DNA and the determination of the mechanism of action of this drug on DNA are important as they allow the control of gene expression. In particular, rapid and precise analysis of this type of interaction is a vital element for pharmaceutical studies. In the present study, a novel reduced graphene oxide/ palladium nanoparticles/ poly(2-amino-4-chlorophenol) (rGO/Pd@PACP) nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical process to modify pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surface. Here, the performance of the newly developed nanomaterial-based biosensor for drug-DNA interaction analysis has been demonstrated. For this purpose, it was determined whether this system, which was developed by selecting a drug molecule (Mitomycin C; MC) known to interact with DNA and a drug molecule (Acyclovir; ACY) that does not interact with DNA, performs a reliable/accurate analysis. Here, ACY was used as a negative control. Compared to bare PGE, the rGO/Pd@PACP nanomaterial modified sensor exhibited 17 times higher sensitivity performance in terms of guanine oxidation signal measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Moreover, the developed nanobiosensor system provided a highly specific determination between the anticancer drug MC and ACY by discrimination the interactiBoth the design of molecules that will interact specifically with DNA and the determination of the mechanism of action of this drug on DNA are important as they allow the control of gene expression. In particular, rapid and precise analysis of this type of interaction is a vital element for pharmaceutical studies. In the present study, a novel reduced graphene oxide/ palladium nanoparticles/ poly(2-amino-4-chlorophenol) (rGO/Pd@PACP) nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical process to modify pencil graphite electrode (PGE) surface. Here, the performance of the newly developed nanomaterial-based biosensor for drug-DNA interaction analysis has been demonstrated. For this purpose, it was determined whether this system, which was developed by selecting a drug molecule (Mitomycin C; MC) known to interact with DNA and a drug molecule (Acyclovir; ACY) that does not interact with DNA, performs a reliable/accurate analysis. Here, ACY was used as a negative control. Compared to bare PGE, the rGO/Pd@PACP nanomaterial modified sensor exhibited 17 times higher sensitivity performance in terms of guanine oxidation signal measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Moreover, the developed nanobiosensor system provided a highly specific determination between the anticancer drug MC and ACY by discrimination the interactions of these drugs with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ACY was also preferred in studies for the optimization of the new nanobiosensor developed. ACY was detected in a concentration as low as 0.0513 μM (51.3 nM) (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.1711 μM with a linear range from 0.1 to 0.5 μM. ons of these drugs with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). ACY was also preferred in studies for the optimization of the new nanobiosensor developed. ACY was detected in a concentration as low as 0.0513 μM (51.3 nM) (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.1711 μM with a linear range from 0.1 to 0.5 μM
Effect of Pulse Shaping on the Performance of Spatial Modulation
No full textIn this paper, the effect of pulse shaping in the spatial modulation (SM) method is investigated. In the SM, extra bit transmission is transmitted by selecting the active antenna in each symbol transmission, thus increasing the spectral efficiency. However, active antenna switching in each symbol transmission causes clipping in the signal if the transmitted pulse is span outside its time duration. The effects of the filter span and the roll-off factor on the SM bit error rate were investigated by Monte Carlo simulation. In the simulations, it has been observed that the low roll-off factor value and low filter span increase the bit error
Synthesis of palladium nanoparticles stabilized on Schiff base-modified ZnO particles as a nanoscale catalyst for the phosphine-free Heck coupling reaction and 4-nitrophenol reduction
Get PDFRecently, the development of heterogeneous nanocatalytic systems using solid supports has been gaining importance due to some advantages such as easy handling, high thermal stability, high efficiency, reusability, and so on. Therefore, the design of catalyst supports for the preparation of stable heterogeneous catalytic systems is of great importance. In this work, Schiff base-modified ZnO particles have been developed (ZnO–Scb) as a novel support. A heterogeneous nanocatalyst system has then been prepared by immobilizing palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on the ZnO-Scb surface as the support. The resulting palladium nanocatalyst (Pd–ZnO–Scb) structure has been characterized by different analytical techniques (FT-IR, XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, elemental mapping and EDS) and used to catalyze the Heck coupling reactions and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction. Test results revealed that Pd–ZnO–Scb could effectively couple various aryl halides with styrene in yields of up to 98% in short reaction times. Pd–ZnO–Scb was also efficiently used in the complete 4-NP reduction within 135 s at room temperature. Additionally, it was found that Pd–ZnO–Scb was more effective than other reported catalysts in the Heck coupling reaction. Moreover, the recycling tests indicated that Pd–ZnO–Scb could be easily isolated from the reaction medium and reused in seven consecutive catalytic runs while retaining its nanostructure
Accuracy Evaluation of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) Estimation under Conventional Assumption in Yeşilirmak, Kizilirmak, and Konya Closed Basins, Turkey
Get PDFThe doubt in the calculation algorithm of the standardized precipitation index (SPI), which is widely preferred in the evaluation and monitoring of drought, still remains up-to-date because its calculation process is performed in the form of standardization or normalization with a default probability distribution. Therefore, the success of this index is directly affected by the choice of the probability distribution model. This study is based on the effect of three different parameter estimation methods on the calculation process, as well as the comparison of the SPI results calculated based on the default Gamma distribution and the distribution with the best ability to represent the 3-and 12-month consecutive summed rainfall data among the 15 candidate distributions namely Gamma (GAM), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Pearson Type III (P III), Log Pearson Type III (LP III), two-parameter Lognormal (LN2), three-parameter Lognormal (LN3), Generalized Logistic (GLOG), Extreme Value Type I (EVI), Generalized Pareto (GPAR), Weilbul (W), Normal (N), Exponential (EXP), Logistic (LOG), four-parameter Wakeby (WK4), and five-parameter Wakeby (WK5) distributions. Approximately 68.4% and 18.4% of the 3-month data considered had the best fit to the Weibull and Pearson III distribution, while approximately 24% and 18% of the 12-month data had the best fit to the Weibull and Logistic distribution. On the other hand, it was found that the default Gamma distribution calculated the extreme drought categories significantly more than the best-fit distribution model. In terms of parameter estimation methods, L-moments for 3-month series and maximum likelihood approaches for 12-month series were most dominant
Usability of brass and stainless steel electrodes in electrochemical treatment of 4-nitrophenol
Get PDF4-Nitrophenol (4NP), which is used in many industries, is among the priority pollutants due to its carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects. In this study, the treatment of an aqueous solution containing 4NP was carried out by electrochemical method. A stainless steel electrode (Ss) allowing both electro-oxidation and electrocoag-ulation to occur together was used at the anode, while a brass (Bs) electrode with high conductivity was used at the cathode. By performing 4NP and total organic carbon (TOC) analyses on the samples taken from the re-actor at certain times, the removal efficiencies and mineralization current efficiency (MCE) were determined. Based on the results, the optimum values of the operating parameters affecting the treatment efficiency were determined, the specific energy consumption (SEC) was calculated and the parameter-based statistical analysis of the data was performed. Under optimum conditions (pH: 5.5; Electrolyte: 3 g/L NaCl (5950 & mu;s/cm); Current: 3.0 A (78 mA/cm2); Time: 20 min.; Distance: 0.5 cm), 97.44% 4NP and 33.09% TOC removal efficiencies were obtained. The energy consumption required to treat 1 m 3 of wastewater electrochemically under these condi-tions was calculated as 28.37 kWh/m3. As a result of the statistical analysis, the most effective parameters in electrochemical treatment were determined as current, and time, respectively
Determination Conservation Priority Areas and Taxa in Terms of Birds: The Case of Aksaray
Get PDFGrowing environmental challenges worldwide and the lack of resources to tackle them require conservationists to set priorities for action. As known; protected areas will be needed as species change their distribution over time due to global climate change, drought, and complete habitat destruction. Although; conservation targets have been met for most species, some conservation features remain unprotected, especially for threatened bird species. There are certain habitat types in Aksaray province where target species belonging to different bird groups are concentrated. Herein; we identify these priority areas for conservation for the current and future estimated distributions of bird species. For this purpose; field studies have been carried out for two years (2015-2017) to represent different habitat types besides bird species detected within the borders of the province. According to our findings; three different habitats (wetland, swamp, and steppe) rich in target species were determined as priority areas for protection. In addition, five different bird species (Vanellus vanellus, Limosa limosa, Numenius arquata, Circus macrourus, Streptopelia turtur) observed in these habitats are in the Vu (Vulnerable) and NT (Near Threatened) categories according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. As a result;both the protection and monitoring of the identified habitats and taxa that directly reflect the health of the habitat will facilitate the ustainability of priority areas in future. This study could be a resource for future regulation of conservation strategie
Inclusive Education Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic From the Eyes of Turkish EFL Student Teachers: A Qualitative Research
No full textThe present research investigates Turkish EFL student teachers’ perspectives on inclusive education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is designed as a qualitative study. The data were gathered through a written-structured interview, which consisted of five questions. Additionally, student teachers’ classroom observation and response papers were utilized to understand their perceptions of inclusive education. A constant comparative analysis was used to analyze the present research data. Eleven fourth graders of the English language teaching department participated in the study. The results showed that EFL student teachers know the needs and interests of students who need special education SEN (SEN; education of individuals with special education needs). However, the results indicate that student teachers think inclusive education practices were not implemented effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results reveal that the study participants have adequate knowledge and positive perspectives toward inclusive education