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Protective effect of astaxanthin and metformin in the liver of rats in which the polycystic ovary syndrome model was formed by giving letrozole
No full textIn this study, the effects of astaxanthin on liver tissue in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into 9 groups: Groups: Control, PCOS, PCOS+Metformin (Met), PCOS+ Astaxanthin (ASX)10, PCOS+ASX20, PCOS+ASX40, PCOS+Met+ASX10, PCOS+Met+ASX20, and PCOS+Met+ASX40. PCOS was induced in female rats by oral administration of letrozole (1 mg/kg) for 21 days. Rats were treated with ASX (10 mg/kg), ASX (20 mg/kg), ASX (40 mg/kg), and metformin (20 mg/kg) for 7 days after PCOS induction. At the end of the experiment, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured in the liver tissue. The liver was stained with hematoxylin/eosin for histological examination. Additionally, NF-kB and caspase 3 were analyzed immunohistochemically. Results: A remarkable abnormality was observed in the biochemical and histological parameters in the liver tissue of the PCOS model rats. Astaxanthin dose-dependently normalized the MDA level. Additionally, astaxanthin showed a protective effect by increasing the SOD level and increasing its antioxidant activities. We observed that administration of astaxanthin in addition to metformin applied in the standard was more effective. Caspase 3 and NF-kB immune positivity was lower in the groups given astaxanthin compared with PCOS. Histologically, it was observed that astaxanthin improved the deteriorated liver morphology in the letrozole-induced PCOS group. Conclusion: According to our results, it was observed that astaxanthin had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on PCOS in the treatment groups. Therefore, it was concluded that astaxanthin may have a protective effect against PCOS side effects
The place and importance of the Council/Shūra In Government: The Case of Aksaray Municipality
Get PDFİnsanoğlu bir arada yaşamaya başladığı zamandan itibaren güvenlik, refah ve ihtiyaç temini gibi unsurları içeren toplumsal düzeni sağlamak adına yönetim kavramını hayata geçirmiştir. Değişen ve dönüşen toplum ile yönetim kavramı da yeniden tanımlanmıştır. Yönetim kavramı, günümüzde birliktelik, ortaklık ve paydaşlık gibi öğeleri kapsayan istişare merkezli bir forma dönüşmüştür. Bu yeni yönetim formu yönetişim olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kadim kültürlerin yönetimlerinde var olan birliktelik, karşılıklı fikir alışverişi, ortak yönetim gibi kavramlar yönetişim kavramı ile yeniden gündeme gelmiş ve ön planda tutulmaya başlanmıştır. Yönetimin güçlü yanlarını içine alan ve eleştirilen yönlerini güncelleyerek tekrar etkin hale getirdiği düşünülen yönetişim anlayışı hem uluslararası boyutta hem de ulusal ve yerel boyutta uygulanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Yerel yönetimlerin halka en yakın hizmet sunan birimler olması sebebiyle vatandaşların karar alma mekanizmalarında istişare edilen paydaş aktör olarak yer aldıkları görülmektedir. Bu makalede karar alma süreçlerinde şûranın yeri ve önemi yerel yönetimler kapsamında Aksaray Belediyesi özelinde ele alınmakta ve Aksaray Belediyesinin şûra merkezli hizmetleri ve faaliyetlerine değinilmektedir. Aksaray Belediyesi tarafından sunulması önerilen şûra merkezli hizmetlere çalışmanın sonuç kısmında yer verilmektedir.Since the time when human beings started to live together, they have implemented the concept of government in order to ensure social order, which includes elements such as security, welfare and provision of needs. With the changing and transforming society, the concept of government has also been redefined. Today, the concept of government has transformed into a consultation-centred form that encompasses elements such as togetherness, partnership and stakeholding. This new form of government defined as governance. Concepts such as unity, mutual exchange of ideas and joint administration, which existed in the governance of ancient cultures, have come to the agenda again with the concept of governance and have started to be prioritised. The concept of governance, which is thought to incorporate the strengths of the administration and make it effective again by updating its criticised aspects, is being tried to be implemented both at the international, national and local level. Since local governments are the units that provide services closest to the public, it is seen that citizens are involved as stakeholder actors who are consulted in decision-making mechanisms. In this article, the place and importance of the council in decision-making processes are discussed in the context of Aksaray Municipality within the scope of local governments and the council-centred services and activities of Aksaray Municipality are mentioned. The council-centred services proposed to be provided by Aksaray Municipality are included in the conclusion part of the study
A Zwitterionic Tetrastanna(II) Cyclic Crown
No full textA 12-membered zwitterionic tetrastanna(II) cycle 1 having a crown ether-like topology has been isolated from the deprotonation of 1,1′-methylenediimidazole (B) with two equivalents of Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2 (A). The solid-state structure and NMR analysis confirms the tetrastanna(II) cycle 1 to be comprised of two stannate(II) and two stannyliumylidene ion pairs in alternating positions of the heterocycle. Computational analysis shows greater nucleophilicity at the proximally located stannate(II) centers. Nonetheless, the tetrastanna(II) cycle 1 remains poorly reactive due to engagement of SnII lone pair electrons in intramolecular donor-acceptor interactions. Simple deprotonation reaction between Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2 (A) and N-(diisopropylphenyl)imidazole (C) in equimolar ratio has led to a stannylene 2, involving the formation of a Sn−C covalent bond with the anionic imidazol-2-yl carbon center along with the release of NH(SiMe3)2. Compound 2 exists as a dimer, where the unsubstituted ring nitrogen atom coordinated intermolecularly to the other stannylene center
Experiences of the Male Caregivers of Schizophrenic Patients: A Phenomenological Study
No full textPurpose: In this study, it was aimed to determine the experiences of male caregivers of people with schizophrenia.
Methods: The study had a phenomenological design as a qualitative research method. Using the purposeful sampling method, 19 male caregivers were included in the study. In-depth interviews were conducted with participants using a semi-structured interview form.
Results: In the thematic analysis, three categories were identified: "The effect of the disorder on male caregivers", "male caregivers' perceptions about the disorder", and "coping patterns of male caregivers". In addition, three themes and 15 sub-themes were determined.
Conclusion: The study has revealed that male caregivers of schizophrenic patients face many problems in their emotional, social, economic, family and work lives; they need support and information in coping with these problems; and they tend to receive institutional and social support and use spiritual coping strategies in their caregiving
Model selection in multivariate adaptive regressions splines (MARS) using alternative information criteria
Get PDFMultivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) is a useful non-parametric regression analysis method that can be used for model selection in high-dimensional data. Since MARS can identify and model complex, non-linear relationships between the dependent variable and independent variables without requiring any assumptions, it has advantage over simple linear regression techniques. Also, for simplifying the model building process and preventing overfitting, MARS can select automatically the variables to be included in the model, which is useful for datasets with many variables. While MARS is a flexible non-parametric regression method, generalized cross validation (GCV) technique is used within the MARS framework to avoid overfitting and to select the best model. GCV criterion is widely used and can be effective in many situations, however it has some criticism. These criticism are the arbitrary value of the smoothing parameter used in the algorithm of the GCV criterion and the models obtained using this criterion are high-dimensional. In this paper, it is aimed to obtain the barest model that best explains the relationship between the dependent variable and independent variables by using alternative information criteria (Akaike information criterion (AIC), Schwarz Bayesian criterion (SBC) and information complexity criterion (ICOMP(IFIM)PEU)) instead of the use of smoothing parameters in order to put an end to the criticism. To achieve this goal, a simulation study was first conducted with a data set composed of variables that do and do not contribute to the dependent variable to test the success of the information criteria. As a consequence of this simulation work, when variables (which do not contribute to the dependent variable) are not included in the regression model, it demonstrates the success of the criteria in model selection. As a real data set, the reasons for loan defaults were investigated between the years 2005–2019 by utilizing data from 18 banks operating in Türkiye. The results obtained reveal the success of ICOMP(IFIM)PEU criterion in model selection
Good Management and Deploying New IT Tools in Industry 4.0 in the Value- Creating Direction
No full textIn this chapter, we analyze the role of digital technologies in management in a value-creating direction. Digital technologies are rudimentary to solving significant challenges. Good management and entrepreneur adopt increasingly connected and integrated solutions. There is also a growing need to strengthen IT protections and build resilience networks. Modern technologies such as big data analytics, the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), cloud computing, and blockchain ensure robotized activities. Integrating digital tools in every society by using them in our lives and proposing the implementation of these tools will contribute to increasing the level of social welfare by bringing along many benefits
The Digital Roles of Technology Management Applications in Digital Economy
No full textThe development that has emerged with the spread of technology in production life has reached a point where companies will increase their ability to analyze by increasing their speed significantly. This newly formed ecosystem creates a performance system based on dynamic processes and continuous increase with a highly dynamic technology. Cloud systems computer technologies, systems that control processes within the supply chain such as ERP and SAP, vehicles used in the production process and logistics process and that can be managed online, driverless vehicle technologies, unmanned deliveries, wearable technologies, nano technologies, use of robots in production processes have taken their place in our lives as technologies that have developed at an incredible rate in the last 10–15 years and no longer surprise us. In this article, the advantages of Industry 4.0 are mentioned in the literature industry 4.0 and the studies related to supply chain management are discussed and risk management processes are explained by emphasizing the general structure of the digital supply chain that makes supply chain activities efficient
Spor ve sağlıklı yaşam merkezlerinde egzersiz yapan bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve yaşam kalitesi ilişkisi
Get PDFBu araştırmada spor ve sağlıklı yaşam merkezlerine giden kişilerin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin ve yaşam kalitelerinin sosyo-demografik değişkenler açısından değerlendirmek ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyli ve yaşam kalitesinin ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini spor ve sağlıklı yaşam merkezlerinde egzersiz yapan bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemini ise; Ankara, İzmir, İstanbul ve Mersin'de şubeleri bulunan spor ve sağlıklı yaşam merkezi olan Sports International Tesisleri'nde egzersiz yapan 216 erkek, 281 kadın 36,18 yaş ortalamasına sahip, toplamda 497 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılar evren içerisinden amaçlı örneklem yöntemi ile veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırmada, fiziksel aktivite değişkeniyle verileri; "Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Değerlendirme Anketi Kısa Formu (IPAQ)'', yaşam kalitesine ilişkin verileri ise; "Sağlığa İlişkin Yaşam Kalitesi Formu (SF-36)" kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Analizde betimsel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi'nden (UFAA) elde edilen toplam ortalama MET-dk/hafta skorunun ise 3732,45 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu değer egzersizde tüketilen enerjinin hesaplanmasında kullanılmaktadır; 1 MET'lik değer bazal metabolik hız için harcanan değeri ifade etmektedir. Sonuç olarak; toplam ortalama puana göre örneklemin çok aktif düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi ve SF-36 alt parametreleri arasında anlamlı farklılık olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak SF-36 faktörlerinin kendi parametreleri içerisinde anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. SF-36 Kısa Formu'ndan (SF-36) aldıkları toplam ortalama puanın 73,18 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Alt parametrelerde ise en yüksek ortalama puana sahip değerin 89,07 ile Fiziksel Fonksiyon olduğu belirlenmiştir. Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi'nden (UFAA) elde edilen toplam ortalama MET-dk/hafta skorunun ise 3732,45 olduğu tespit edilmiştir.In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the physical activity levels and quality of life of people who go to sports and wellness centers in terms of socio-demographic variables and to examine the relationship between physical activity level and quality of life. The population of the research consists of individuals who exercise in sports and wellness centers. Its sample is; A total of 497 people, 216 men and 281 women, with an average age of 36.18, exercise at the Sports International Facilities, a sports and wellness center with branches in Ankara, Izmir, Istanbul and Mersin. Data were collected from the universe of the participants with the purposeful sampling method. In the study, the data with the physical activity variable; "International Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ)", data on quality of life; It was evaluated using the "Health-Related Quality of Life Form (SF-36)". Descriptive scanning method was used in the analysis. The total average MET-min/week score obtained from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (UFAA) was found to be 3732.45. This value is used to calculate the energy consumed in exercise; The value of 1 MET represents the value spent for basal metabolic rate. In conclusion; According to the total average score, the sample was determined to be very active. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the sub-parameters of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and SF-36. However, it was determined that the SF-36 factors showed significant differences within their own parameters. It was determined that the total average score they got from the SF-36 Short Form (SF-36) was 73.18. In the sub-parameters, it was determined that the value with the highest average score was Physical Function with 89.07. The total average MET-min/week score obtained from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (UFAA) was found to be 3732.45
Cyprus policy of the USSR during the Cold War era
No full textKıbrıs, tarih sahnesine çıktığı süreden itibaren Akdeniz'deki önemli konumu ile dikkat çekmektedir. Ancak ada içerisinde iki farklı toplum olarak bulunan Türkler ve Rumların varlığı sıkıntıları da beraberinde getirmekteydi. Özellikle 1931'de ortaya çıkmaya başlayan Enosis fikri ada içerisinde Türklere karşı kanlı eylemleri de beraberinde getirmeye başlamıştır. 1948 gelindiğinde Türkiye ilk defa basın aracılığı ile Kıbrıs'ta yaşananlardan haberdar olmaya başlamıştı. Diğer taraftan da SSCB soğuk savaşın başından itibaren ile ada içerisindeki Rumlara destek vermekteydi. Çünkü Doğu Akdeniz'de söz sahibi olarak rakibi ABD'yi saf dışı bırakmak amacındaydı. 1959'da Kıbrıs'taki çatışmaları bitirmek için Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti kurulmuştu. Ancak Rumların kanlı eylemleri ve darbe girişimi cumhuriyet rejimini işleyemez duruma getirmişti. Kıbrıs Türklerine yönelik devam eden terör faaliyetleri nedeniyle 20 Temmuz 1974'te Türkiye Kıbrıs'a Birinci Barış Harekâtını ve 14 Ağustos 1974 İkinci Barış Harekâtını düzenledi. Adada bulunan Türklerin güvenliği arttırmak için ilk önce Kıbrıs Türk Federe Devleti sonra 15 Kasım 1983'te Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti ilan edildi. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Soğuk Savaş döneminde SSCB'nin uyguladığı Kıbrıs politikasının 1990'lı yıllara kadar geniş bir şekilde incelemektedir. Çalışma konusu olarak tercih edilmesinin sebebi ise; Kıbrıs sorunun SSCB ve Türkiye arasındaki ilişkilerin şekillenmesinde büyük bir paya sahip olması ve bu duruma karşı konu hakkında kapsamlı çalışmanın yapılmamış olmasıdır.Cyprus has been drawing attention with its important position in the Mediterranean since its emergence on the stage of history. However, the existence of the Turks and Greeks, who were two different societies in the island, brought with them difficulties. Especially the idea of Enosis, which started to emerge in 1931, started to bring bloody actions against the Turks on the island. When it came to 1948, Turkey began to be aware of the events in Cyprus for the first time through the press. On the other hand, the USSR had been supporting the Greeks in the island since the beginning of the cold war. Because, by having a say in the Eastern Mediterranean, he aimed to eliminate his rival, the USA. The Republic of Cyprus was established in 1959 to end the conflicts in Cyprus. However, the bloody actions of the Greeks and the coup attempt made the republican regime inoperable. Due to the ongoing terrorist activities against the Turkish Cypriots, Turkey organized the First Peace Operation in Cyprus on 20 July 1974 and the Second Peace Operation on 14 August 1974. In order to increase the security of the Turks on the island, first the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, then the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was declared on November 15, 1983. The aim of this study; It extensively examines the Cyprus policy of the USSR during the Cold War period until the 1990s. The reason why it is preferred as a study subject is; The fact that the Cyprus problem has a large share in the shaping of the relations between the USSR and Turkey and there has not been a comprehensive study on the subject against this situation
Generalized Urysohn spaces
No full textGenelleştirilmiş Urysohn uzaylar, açık küme kavramı yerine semi-açık ve pre-açık kavramları ile tanımlanır. (X,τ) topolojik uzayında U⊆A⊆U ̅ olacak şekilde bir U açığı varsa A alt kümesine semi-açıktır ve ayrıca A⊆(A ̅ )^∘ ise A ya pre-açıktır denir. Semi-açık (pre-açık) kümelerin tümleyenleri semi-kapalı (pre-kapalı) kümelerdir. Bu tezin amacı aşağıdaki gibidir: 1. Semi-açık ve pre-açık kavramlarından yararlanılarak elde edilen semi-Urysohn,s-Urysohn, pre-Urysohn ve p-Urysohn olarak adlandırılan uzayları tanımlamak ve özelliklerini incelemek, 2. Genelleştirilmiş Urysohn uzayların kalıtsal ve çarpımsallıklarını belirlemek, 3. Semi-açık ve pre-açık kavramlar kullanarak elde edilen semi-süreklilik, pre-süreklilik, θ-süreklilik, θ-irresolute, θ-pre-irresolute gibi yeni dönüşümler altında genelleştirilmiş Urysohn uzayların durumlarını araştırmak.Generalized Urysohn spaces are defined by using the concepts of semi-open and pre-open set instead of open set. A subset a topological space A of (X,τ) is said to be semi-open if there exists an open set U in X such that U⊆A⊆U ̅ and also A is pre-open if A⊆(A ̅ )^∘ . The complements of semi-open sets (pre-open) are called semi-closed (pre-closed). The main goals of this thesis are as follows: 1. To define and examine the spaces called semi-Urysohn, s-Urysohn, pre-Urysohn, and p-Urysohn spaces by using the concepts of semi-open sets and pre-open sets, 2. To determine the hereditariness ve productivity of generalized Urysohn spaces, 3. To investigate situations of generalized Urysohn spaces under new mappings such as semi-continuity, pre-continuity, θ-continuity, θ-irresolute, θ-pre-irresolute obtained using semi-open and pre-open concepts