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Comparative Evaluation of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions Parameters in Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors
Get PDFThe aim of the paper was to evaluate the AgNOR parameters for the discrimination of benign from malignant breast tumors via a new approach -the total AgNOR area/nuclear area (TAA/NA). Material and methods. Three groups, consisting of control (n = 14), benign (n = 18) and malignant (n = 28) participants were included in the study. The AgNOR staining technique was performed and both mean AgNOR number and TAA/NA ratio were evaluated.Results. While the differences between the control and patient groups were statistically significant for AgNOR number (p 0.05). For the ratio of TAA/NA, the differences between the control and benign group (p < 0.001), control and malignant group (p < 0.001), and malignant and benign patient groups were significant. (p < 0.05).Conclusion. We consider that the evaluation of the TAA/NA rate, when compared with the AgNOR number, can be more sensitive and useful tool for distinguishing benign from the malignant breast lesions
An Investigation of Volcanic Ground Deformation Using InSAR Observations at Tendürek Volcano (Turkey)
Get PDFAlthough approximately one-tenth of the world’s population lives near volcanoes, most of the 1500 active volcanoes are not monitored by ground-based instruments because of the cost and difficulty of access. Since the development of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) in the 1990s, recent advances have allowed the near-real-time detection of surface deformations, one of the earliest markers of volcanic activity. According to the Global Volcanism Program, Turkey’s most recent eruption (involving gas and ash) occurred in the Tendürek volcano in 1885. An explosion in the Tendürek volcano, which continues to actively output gas and steam, would be a critical issue for the life and property of the people living nearby. In this context, we processed the Sentinel-1 data collected by the European Space Agency using the Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers, and the surface deformations of the Tendürek volcano were investigated. In addition, we applied two different atmospheric correction approaches (linear phase-based tropospheric correction and the Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service for InSAR) to reduce atmospheric effects and found that the linear phase-based tropospheric correction model produced lower standard deviation values. Subsequently, the mean deformation velocity maps, displacement time series, and deformation components in the line-of-sight direction were calculated. The results showed that the most severe subsidence was −11 mm/yr on the upper slopes of the Tendürek volcano. Although the lower slopes of the subsidence region have a lower settlement rate, the subsidence has a peak-caldera-centered location
Effects of sinapic acid on lead acetate-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in testicular tissue
Get PDFIn this study, the effect of lead acetate (PbAc) and sinapic acid (SNP) administration on oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, sperm quality and histopathology in testicular tissue of rats was tried to be determined. PbAc was administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg/bw for 7 days to induce testicular toxicity in rats. Oral doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg/bw SNP were administered to rats for 7 days after PbAc administration. According to our findings, while PbAc administration increased MDA content in rats, it decreased GPx, SOD, CAT activity and GSH content. NF-kB, IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2, which are among the inflammation parameters that increased due to PbAc, decreased with the administration of SNP. Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 mRNA transcript levels decreased with PbAc, but SNP treatments increased these mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. RAGE and NLRP3 gene expression were upregulated in PbAc treated rats. MAPK14, MAPK15, and JNK relative mRNA levels decreased with SNP treatment in PbAc treated rats. While the levels of apoptosis markers Bax, Caspase-3, and Apaf-1 increased in rats treated with PbAc, the level of Bcl-2 decreased, but SNP inhibited this apoptosis markers. PbAc caused histopathological deterioration in testis tissue and negatively affected spermatogenesis. When the sperm quality was examined, the decrease in sperm motility and spermatozoon density caused by PbAc, and the increase in the ratio of dead and abnormal spermatozoa were inhibited by SNP. As a result, while PbAc increased apoptosis and inflammation by inducing oxidative stress in testicles, SNP treatment inhibited these changes and increased sperm quality
ENT changes of pregnancy and its management
No full textEar, nose, and throat disorders seen during pregnancy are usually benign and return to normal after pregnancy. But they have adverse effects on the mother's quality of life. During pregnancy, blood volume and cardiac output increase. And 4 liters increase in total body water. Increased estrogen and progesterone in the third trimester of pregnancy cause mucosal changes in the mouth, nose, and throat. Serum cortisol levels continuously increase and this reduces the inflammatory response. This leads to the reactivation of latent viral infections by causing gestational immunosuppression. There is limited literature on the treatment of pregnancy-related symptoms; case reports and retrospective studies are available. However, the clinician must be knowledgeable about these symptoms and how to treat pregnant women safely
Social network use and life satisfaction: a systematic review
No full textAs our time spent on social networking sites (SNS) is increasing, more people are facing the psychological and mental consequences of SNS use. Given the growing body of research on the relationship between social network use and life satisfaction, this study aims to provide an overview of empirical studies through a systematic literature review. Design/methodology/approach: As a result of the screening process, 43 articles were included in the review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. First, the characteristics of the studies included in the review, such as sample country, data collection method and data analysis method, are presented. Then, the findings on the relationship between SNS use and life satisfaction are outlined. Findings: Based on the results, it is seen that the relationship between SNS use and life satisfaction varies considerably with the sample and platforms studied. Theoretically, this systematic review provides a comprehensive picture of the relationship between SNS use and life satisfaction and encourages researchers to study the topic further. Originality/value: There are reviews on the relationship between SNS use and psychological factors such as self-esteem, loneliness or depression. In the reviews, limited variables such as problematic social network use, adolescents’ social network use and social network addiction have been examined instead of general social network use. However, the number of reviews on the relationship between social network use and life satisfaction is quite limited. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this systematic review is both a comprehensive literature review and one of the first studies to provide a broad perspective on the relationship between social network use and life satisfaction
Casirivimab/İmdevimab: Evcil Hayvanlarda COVID-19 Tedavisi İçin Olası Bir Aday: Geleneksel Derleme
Get PDFThe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), over the last 3 years has globally resulted in catastrophic widespread losses. Prevention and control of this disease has become a global priority for researchers and medical professionals due to high mortality rates, treatment costs and various losses (economic and fatalities). In recent times, the fact that cats and dogs living in households which are being affected by the disease has caused panic among pet owners and animal lovers. Studies have shown that cats, especially young cats, are the group of animals which are most affected. Therefore, the treatment of COVID-19 in animals is an important topic for veterinary medicine. Monoclonal antibodies have also been considered a possible treatment modality due to the use of various agents to treat COVID-19 and the lack of clear demonstration of their efficacy. Casirivimab/imdevimab (CAS/IMD) is a monoclonal antibody cocktail approved for treating COVID-19. There was a high expectation that CAS/IMD combination directly affects the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptors, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the virus. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that CAS/IMD combination positively affects the prognosis of patients suffering from COVID-19, speeds up the recovery process and increases survival. We suggest that CAS/IMD can be considered protective in COVID-19 positive dogs and cats. The aim of this article is to review the studies related to the beneficial effects of CAS/IMD and its possible effectiveness in animals with COVID-19 to promote their research in future studies.Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID- 19)], son 3 yılda küresel olarak trajik yaygın kayıplara neden oldu. Bu hastalığın önlenmesi ve kontrolü; yüksek ölüm oranları, tedavi maliyetleri ve diğer çeşitli kayıplar (ekonomik ve ölümler) nedeniyle araştırmacılar ve medikal uzmanları için küresel bir öncelik hâline gelmiştir. Son zamanlarda hastalıktan etkilenen hanelerde yaşayan kedi ve köpeklerin olması, evcil hayvan sahipleri ve hayvanseverler arasında da paniğe neden oldu. Araştırmalar, kedilerin, özellikle genç kedilerin, en çok etkilenen hayvan grubu olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu nedenle hayvanlarda COVID-19 tedavisi veteriner hekimliği için önemli bir konudur. Monoklonal antikorlar, COVID-19’u tedavi etmek için çeşitli ajanların kullanılması ve etkinliklerinin net bir şekilde gösterilmemesi nedeniyle olası bir tedavi yöntemi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Casirivimab/imdevimab (CAS/IMD), COVID-19 tedavisi için onaylanmış bir monoklonal antikor kokteylidir. CAS/IMD kombinasyonunun, virüsün patogenezinde önemli bir rol oynayan anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim-2 reseptörlerini doğrudan etkilediği yönünde yüksek bir beklenti vardı. Deneysel ve klinik çalışmalar, CAS/IMD kombinasyonunun, COVID-19’dan muzdarip hastaların prognozunu olumlu yönde etkilediğini, iyileşme sürecini hızlandırdığını ve sağkalım oranını artırdığını göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla CAS/IMD’nin COVID-19 pozitif köpek ve kedilerde koruyucu olarak kabul edilebileceğini öneriyoruz. Bu derlemenin amacı, CAS/IMD’nin faydalı etkileri ile ilgili çalışmaları ve gelecekteki araştırmaları teşvik etmek için COVID-19’lu hayvanlarda CAS/IMD’nin olası etkinliğinin gözden geçirilmesidir
Association between thiol-disulfide hemostasis and transient tachypnea of the newborn in late-preterm and term infants
Get PDFTransient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), which is the most common respiratory disease in the neonatal period, increases respiratory workload in newborns. We purposed to evaluate the oxidative stress (OS) status and thiol disulfide hemostasis in late preterm and term newborns with TTN in this study. Methods: The study was carried out in a single-centre neonatal intensive care unit to investigate the effect of continuous airway positive pressure (CPAP) on the oxidative system in newborns with TTN. Thiol (native and total) and disulfide levels, total antioxidant and oxidant status (TAS/TOS) and Oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were measured. Results: Total thiol levels measured before treatment was 429.5 (369.5–487) µmol/L in the late preterm group and 425 (370–475) µmol/L in the term group (p = 0.741). We found significant changes in TOS, OSI and TAS levels after CPAP treatment in the late preterm group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.012 respectively). It was also found that the disulfide level, which was 26.2 (19.2–31.7) before the treatment, decreased to 19.5 (15.5–28.75) after the treatment (p = 0.001) in late preterms. Conclusion: CPAP treatment reduced the OS status burden associated with TTN in neonates. The late preterm newborns with TTN are more affected by OS and increased OS levels decrease with CPAP treatment
Turkey’s First Chinese Ambassador, Emin Ali Sipahi’s Chinese Impressions and Turkey-China Relations
Get PDFAlthough it has a very long history, Turkish-Chinese relations developed indirectly only in the 19th century in the modern period. While the experiences of both nations became a struggle for existence in the transforming world, the first official diplomatic relations started in the 20th century during the time of the Republic of Turkey. The problems experienced by China with the USSR and later Japan have been closely followed in terms of Turkish foreign policy between the two world wars. In this direction, while Turkey’s first diplomatic mission opened in China was to become a chargeship, shortly after, it was closed for economic reasons (1931) and opened as an embassy in 1939 on the basis of reciprocity. With the opening of the first Turkish Embassy in China, Emin Âli Sipahi became the first Chinese ambassador of Turkey as an envoy extraordinary. In this direction, the study examines the developments Turkey experienced in its early years in China in line with the reports of Emin Âli Sipahi, Turkey’s “first Turkish ambassador” in China, and evaluates Turkey-China relations in this period. The reports written by Sipahi presented important data on China, Chinese culture, Turks and Muslims in China in the early period of the Republic of Turkey. Emin Ali Sipahi’s Chinese impressions were analyzed through political-cultural contacts and the Turkish image in China within the scope of Turkey-China relations. The study was evaluated in line with the archival documents and other sources obtained by the documentary source literature review
The Effect of Higher Education on Economic Growth: Panel VAR Analysis
Get PDFBu araştırmanın amacı, yükseköğretimin ekonomik büyümeye etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma kapsamında, 2000-2021 yılları arası dönemde, İktisadi İşbirliği ve Gelişme Teşkilatı’nın 20 kurucu üyesine ait veriler, Dünya Bankası’ndan elde edilmiştir. Ekonomik büyümenin açıklayıcı değişkeni olarak reel Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasılanın kullanıldığı araştırmada, yükseköğretime ait değişkenler; öğrenci-öğretim üyesi oranı, bilimsel ve teknik dergi makaleleri, yükseköğretime yapılan harcamalar ve yükseköğretim kurumlarına öğrenci kayıt oranı olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan panel VAR analizi sonucunda, ekonomik büyüme ile bilimsel ve teknik dergi makalelerinin birbirinin nedeni olduğu, yükseköğretimde öğrenci-öğretim üyesi oranının, hem bilimsel ve teknik dergi makaleleri hem yükseköğretim kurumlarına öğrenci kayıt oranının nedeni olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, yükseköğretim kurumlarına öğrenci kayıt oranının, yükseköğretime yapılan harcamalar ile karşılıklı birbirinin nedeni olduğu bulunmuş ve yükseköğretimde öğrenci-öğretim üyesi oranının, yükseköğretime yapılan harcamaların nedeni olduğu görülmüştür. Yükseköğretim kurumlarına öğrenci kayıt oranı da ekonomik büyüme ve bilimsel ve teknik dergi makalelerinin nedeni olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, ekonomik büyümedeki değişim üzerinde etkili olan değişkenler varyans ayrıştırması analizi ile tespit edilerek detaylı bir şekilde açıklanmıştır.The aim of this research is to examine the effect of higher education on economic growth. Within the scope of the research, the data of the 20 founding members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development between the years 2000-2021 were obtained from the World Bank. In the research, where real Gross Domestic Product is used as the explanatory variable of economic growth, variables belonging to higher education; student-faculty member ratio, scientific and technical journal articles, expenditures on higher education, and school enrollment rate. As a result of the panel VAR analysis, it was determined that economic growth and scientific and technical journal articles were the cause of each other, and the student-faculty member ratio in higher education was the cause of both scientific and technical journal articles and the school enrollment rate in higher education. In addition, it has been found that the school enrollment rate in higher education is mutually the cause of the expenditures on higher education and the student-faculty member ratio in higher education is the cause of the expenditures on higher education. School enrollment rate in higher education has also been identified as the cause of economic growth and scientific and technical journal articles. In addition, the variables affecting the change in economic growth have been determined by variance decomposition analysis and explained in detail