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Removal of Heavy Metals in Water by Biosorption Method Using Three Different Bacillus sp-derived Biosorbents
Get PDFWater is an important part of the ecosystem for life. With industrialization, pollution in water resources has reached a worrying level. Water pollution due to heavy metals and their increasing concentrations have caused researchers to increase their interest in the subject due to the damage they cause to water ecosystems. It requires serious cost and time to eliminate the pollution caused by heavy metals in water. In recent, years, the use of biosorption method using bacteria to remove heavy metals in water has become widespread. The main reason why this method is preferred is that gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer on the cell wall and increases the adsorption capacity. In this study. in drinking, waste, river water and artificially prepared samples, batch method of heavy metal biosorption and biosorption competition in multiple prepared heavy metal solutions were investigated. For these processes. Bacillus licheniformth sp. Bacillus subtilis sp. and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051) strains were used as a biosorbent. Biosorbtion of Cd (II), Cu (H), Pb (II), Fe(II), Ni (II) and Zn (II) metals from waters with these biosorbents at different pHs at. 25 degrees C with 0.25 mg LI It was investigated. Surface morphological structures of biosorbents were evaluated using SEM images and element compositions were evaluated using EDAX profile. Element content was determined using ICP-OES. It was found that heavy metal ions were removed up to 98% with maximum biosorption at pH 6.0
Mathematical model and a variable neighborhood search algorithm for mixed-model robotic two-sided assembly line balancing problems with sequence-dependent setup times
No full textHuman labor is generally being replaced with robots for high automation, increased
fexibility, and reduced costs in modern industry. Few studies consider the sequencedependent setup times in the assembly line balancing literature. However, it should
not be overlooked in a real-life setting. This article presents a new mathematical
model and variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithm for mixed-model robotic
two-sided assembly line balancing, with the aim of minimizing the cycle time by
considering the sequence-dependent setup times. The efectiveness of the proposed
VNS is tested with a set of test problems from the literature. The computational
results and statistical analysis indicate that the proposed method yields promising
results
Leaf spot caused by Alternaria crassa on Datura stramonium in Turkey
Get PDFIn August 2021, jimson weed (Datura stramonium) plants growing as weeds in potato felds in Bolu province, Turkey, exhibited leaf spots with dark concentric rings. Sunken and lens-shaped lesions with a light center were also frequently observed
on petioles, branches, and stems. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the transcription
elongation factor 1-α, RNA polymerase second largest subunit, and glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase loci, the
causal agent was identifed as Alternaria crassa. The pathogen was successfully re-isolated from inoculated jimson weed
plants in the pathogenicity assay, proving Koch’s postulates. Alternaria crassa caused necrotic lesions on potato plants,
similar to those of early blight, confrming them as an alternative host of the pathogen. This is apparently the frst report of
leaf spot caused by A. crassa on jimson weed in Turke
The relationship of fast food consumption with sociodemographic factors, body mass index and dietary habits among university students
No full textPurpose – University students are one of the vulnerable groups in terms of having nutritional problems due
to their lifestyle and social environment. This study aims to determine the consumption of fast food among
university students and evaluate factors that may impact it, such as sociodemographic factors, body mass
index (BMI) or nutritional habits.
Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional study was conducted among a random sample of
184 university students (47.8% men and 52.2% women) with a mean age of 21.1 6 2.0 years. The survey
included students’ sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, nutritional habits and
fast-food consumption. Chi-square test, t-test and binary logistic regression analysis were used depending on
the characteristics of the data.
Findings – Results indicated that 39.7% of the students consumed fast food at least once in 15 days and
preferred these foods for taste, workload and social activity. Consumption of fast food occurred at an earlier
age in men (%13.6) and the portions were higher than portions of vegetables (p = 0.001). By using regression
analysis, a statistically significant relationship was found between the frequency of fast-food consumption
and age, gender, economic status, BMI, the amount of vegetables consumed daily and the habit of eating
breakfast (p < 0.05).
Research limitations/implications – It is planned to reach more students in the study. However, due
to the COVID-19 pandemic, transportation to students became difficult or could not be reached.
Originality/value – This study is one of the rare studies examining students’ orientation to fast food. The
number of studies in this field in Turkey is limited
Evaluation of Early and Midterm Mitral Valve Repair Results in Consecutive Severe Mitral Regurgitation Patients
Get PDFStudy Objectives: Surgical valve repair for mitral regurgitation has significant advantages over valve replacement. In this study, we aimed to investigate the early and mid-term results of mitral valve repair using current techniques in order to find out independent risk factors affecting the early and mid-term outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively studied firstly 192 consecutive adult patients (mean age: 43.2±12.3; 120 females and 72 males) who underwent primary mitral valve repair between January 2012 and July 2018. Risk factors affecting the need for re-operations and late survival were determined via univariate and multivariate analyses. Actuarial survival and event-free curves were compared by linear regression analysis. Results: Operative mortality was 2.6% (5 deaths 0–30th. postoperative day (POD). Late mortality was 3.7% (7/187). Reoperation was required in 16 (8.3%) patients. Kaplan–Meier actuarial survival was 95.8%±2.3% at a mean of 43 months. Survival free from reoperation was 92.8%± 4.2% at 60 months. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that residual NYHA class III and IV, low preoperative ejection fraction, and ischemic MR were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion: We concluded that mitral valve repair showed excellent survival (except ischemic MR), acceptable re-operation rate with satisfactory valve function in a mid-term follow-up period
Factors Affecting the Burden and Quality of Life of Caregivers for Gynecological Cancer Patients
No full textObjective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the care burden and quality of life of caregivers of patients with gynecologic cancer. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 251 individuals who provided care to patients with gynecologic cancer in gynecologic oncology services of a university hospital and a state oncology hospital. The data were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire form, Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), and Quality of Life Family Version. Results: The mean age of the participants was 39.76 ± 14.20; 79.3% of them were female, 65.3% were married, 28.7% were high school graduates, 57.4% were employed and 56.2% were unemployed before starting care, 91.2% had health insurance, 58.6% perceived their income as moderate, and 57% had relatives of the patient receiving care. Care burden was statistically significant in terms of gender, marital status, educational level, and degree of affinity with the patient (P < .005). The correlation between caregivers’ quality of life, gender, health insurance, income status, and the degree of affinity with the patient was statistically significant (P < .005). Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was determined that some socio-demographic characteristics of the caregivers of patients with gynecologic cancer affected the care burden and quality of life
Identity development of Assyrian/Syriac youth: Narratives of becoming a self
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the narrative identities of a group of Assyrian/Syriac youth, in particular, to investigate the role of their intergenerational narratives on their narrative identities. Accordingly, interviews were conducted with eight male Assyrian/Syriac young people and the families of four of them who lived in Mardin, Turkey. The narratives of each participant were examined through a holistic approach, analyzing their lives in the context of their personal and intergenerational narratives throughout their lifelines. In the analysis, the turning points of individuals are depicted on the figures, and three lifeline figures were mapped. Findings indicated that although the participants lived under similar living conditions and grew up in the same area, they each narrated their identities differently. For example, one participant described his identity as victimic, communion and burden, while another participant described his identity as agentic, communion, and benefit, and yet another narrated his identity as agentic, agency, and benefit. The individual analysis that emerged in the narratives of all participants was discussed in the context of the literature on identity and narrative identity
UNESCO DÜNYA MİRAS LİSTESİNDE SERİ ADAYLIK: MARDİN VE ÇEVRESİ İÇİN BİR ÖNERİ
No full textArtukluların bölgede inşa etmiş olduğu cami, medrese, hamam, köprü gibi birçok yapı türü vardır. UNESCO Dünya Mirası Listesi için seri dosya hazırlanmasında yapı türleri önemlidir. Dünya Mirası Sözleşmesi Uygulama Rehberi’ne göre seri varlığın bileşenleri kendi içlerinde tutarlı olmaları esastır. Bu sebeple “Artuklu Medreseleri” ya da “Artuklu Camileri” gibi tematik bir öneri daha doğru olabilir. “Artuklu Dönemi Mimari Eserleri” adı altında bir alternatif düzenlenecekse dosyaya üstün evrensel değerini koruyabilmiş korunmuşluk durumu iyi derecede olan yapılar seçilmelidir. Hazırlanacak olası dosyada Artuklu Beyliğinin bölgedeki önemi vurgulanmalıdır. Beyliğin somut ve somut olmayan kültürel mirasa etkisi anlatılmalıdır. Bu aşamada müzeler önem arz eder. Diyarbakır, Mardin ve Şanlıurfa Arkeoloji Müzeleri envanterinde birçok Artuklu dönemi sikkesi vb. taşınır kültür varlığı bulunmaktadır. Uluslararası müzeler ve koleksiyonerler de Artuklu dönemi sikke ve eserlerine sahiptirler. İstanbul Türk İslam Eserleri Müzesi’nde Artuklulara ait birkaç mimari parça bulunmaktadır
THE ECOLOGICAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF THE MOUSUL PROVINCE FAMINE OF 1879-1880
Get PDFOsmanlı belgelerinde kaht u gala olarak geçen kıtlık, yerel düzeyde ekseriyetle yetersiz ve dengesiz yağışlar sebebiyle toplumun temel besin kaynaklarından olan tahılda meydana gelen azlık ile buna bağlı olarak oluşan pahalılık olarak kendini gösterir. Kuraklığa bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan kıtlık, belli bir döneme mahsus değildir. İklim ve hava durumu koşullarından kaynaklı belli aralıklarla kendi kendini yeniden üretme özelliğine sahiptir. Kıtlığın kuraklığa bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan yapısı, beraberinde etkili ve sistemli bir iktidarın varlığını da gerekli kılar. Zira kıtlığın kendini tekrar eden yapısıyla ilişkili oluşan tahribatın kapasitesi iktidarın konumlanma düzeyiyle ters orantılıdır. Özellikle devlet iktidar alt yapısının zayıf olduğu bölgelerde kuraklığa bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan kıtlıkların olumsuz etkileri daha uzun bir zamana yayıldığı gibi yıkıcı olma kapasitesini de artırır. Bu nedenle kıtlık, doğal bir afet olmanın ötesinde devlet mekanizmasının yetersizlikleriyle de ilişkilidir. 1879 yılında yapılan idari bir düzenleme ile Irak’ın kuzey bölgelerini ihtiva eden Musul, Şehrizor (Kerkük) ve Süleymaniye sancaklarından oluşan Musul vilayeti, karasal iklim kuşağında bulunması nedeniyle belli aralıklarla kıtlıkların görüldüğü bölgelerden biri olmuştur. Ancak kendini yineleyen bu kıtlık hâli, nadiren kitlesel ölümlere yol açan şiddetli açlığa dönüşmüştür. Çünkü 18. yüzyılın ortalarından 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına uzanan süreçte Irak’ta etkin bir yönetim sergileyen yerel hanedan idareleri döneminde oluşan kuraklıkların neden olduğu darlıkların, kıtlığa dönüşmesine meydan verilmemiştir. Başka bir ifadeyle bu dönem itibariyle toplumsal hafızada iz bırakan kıtlık anlatılarıyla karşılaşılmamıştır. Doğal afetlerin yıkıcı etkisine ilişkin anlatıların, hanedan idarelerinin ilgası ve sonrasına yani merkezileşeme dönemine tekabül ettiği görülür. Bu anlamda çalışmada bir taraftan 18. yüzyılın ortalarından merkezileşme politikalarının uygulanmaya başladığı 1831 yılına kadar Irak bölgesi idaresini uhdelerinde bulunduran yerel hanedan idarelerinin kuraklık ve savaş gibi nedenlerle baş gösteren kıtlıkları önleme veya olumsuz etkilerini sınırlandırma imkân ve kapasiteleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Öte taraftan da merkezî idarenin tesisiyle birlikte Irak’ta meydana gelen kıtlıkların yol açtığı olumsuzluklarla mücadele imkân ve kapasitesi 1879-1880 Musul vilayet kıtlığından hareketle açıklanarak her iki dönem karşılaştırılmıştır. Merkezileşme politikalarının uygulanması sürecinde Musul vilayet alanının da dâhil olduğu tüm Irak bölgesinde güçlü bir idari sistemin tesis edilememesi baş gösteren kuraklıkların kıtlığa dönüşmesine zemin oluşturmuştur. Makalede 1875 yılında Musul vilayet alanında ortaya çıkan kuraklığın devlet mekanizmasının zayıf iktidar alt yapısı nedeniyle 1879 Aralığından 1880 Mayısına kadar şiddetli bir açlığa dönüştüğü tezi savunulmuştur. Bu çerçevede Musul vilayetinde kıtlığın yıkıcı etkilerini derinleştiren ve bir afete dönüşmesine yol açan iç ve dış nedenler üzerinde durulmuştur. Söz konusu nedenler Musul vilayetinin kendi iç dinamikleri ile birlikte imparatorluğun içinde bulunduğu koşullar ve özellikle İngiltere olmak üzere Avrupa merkezli uluslararası ticaretin Irak’ta etkisini artırmasıyla değişen ihracat ve ithalat yapısı bağlamında izah edilmiştir. Makalede 1879-1880 Musul vilayet kıtlığının yol açtığı olumsuzluklardan en fazla etkilenen ve büyük bedeller ödeyen toplumsal kesimin köylü çiftçiler olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.The famine, which is referred to as kaht u gala in Ottoman documents, manifests itself as the scarcity of grain and the resulting high cost, which is one of the basic food sources of the society, due to insufficient and uneven rainfall at the local level. The famine that occurs due to drought is not specific to a certain period. It has the ability to reproduce itself at certain intervals due to climate and weather conditions. The nature of the famine due to drought necessitates the existence of an effective and systematic power. Because the capacity of destruction associated with the repetitive nature of famine is inversely proportional to the level of positioning of power. Especially in regions where the state power infrastructure is weak, the negative effects of drought-related famines spread over a longer period of time and increase the capacity to be destructive. For this reason, famine is not only a natural disaster, but also related to the inadequacies of the state mechanism. With an administrative arrangement made in 1879, the province of Mosul, consisting of the sanjaks of Mosul, Shahrizor (Kerkuk) and Sulaymaniyah, which includes the northern regions of Iraq, has been one of the regions where famines are seen at certain intervals due to its location in the continental climate zone. However, this recurrent state of famine has seldom turned into severe starvation that leads to mass deaths. Because in the period from the middle of the 18th century to the second half of the 19th century, the shortage caused by the droughts that occurred during the local dynasty administrations, which had an effective administration in Iraq, were not allowed to turn into famine. In other words, as of this period, there were no famine narratives that left their mark on the social memory. It is seen that the narratives about the destructive effect of natural disasters correspond to the abolition and aftermath of dynastic administrations, that is, to the period of centralization. In this sense, the study focuses on the possibilities and capacities of local dynastic administrations, which undertook the administration of the Iraqi region from the middle of the 18th century until 1831, when centralization policies began to be implemented, to prevent famines caused by drought and war, or to limit their negative effects. On the other hand, with the establishment of the central administration, the opportunity and capacity to combat the negativities caused by the famines that occurred in Iraq were explained with reference to the Mosul province famine of 1879-1880, and both periods were compared. The failure to establish a strong administrative system in the entire Iraqi region, including the Mosul province, during the implementation of the centralization policies paved the way for the droughts to turn into famine. This article argues that the drought that emerged in the Mosul province area in 1875 turned into a severe hunger from December 1879 to May 1880 due to the weak power infrastructure of the state mechanism. In this context, it emphasizes the internal and external causes that deepened the devastating effects of famine in Mosul province and caused it to turn into a disaster. The reasons in question are explained in the context of the changing export and import structure of the Mosul province, the conditions of the empire together with its internal dynamics, and the increasing influence of European-based international trade, especially England, in Iraq. This article concludes that the social segment that was most affected by the negativities caused by the 1879-1880 Mosul province famine and that paid a great price was the peasant farmers
Thiol–disulfide balance and trace element levels in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Get PDFAbstract
Background: The prevalence of allergic diseases is gradually increasing worldwide. The most common such allergic disease is allergic rhinitis (AR).
Objective: The present study investigated the possible relationship between seasonal AR and the thiol-disulfide balance and zinc and copper levels in adult individuals.
Study Design and Methods: 130 male and female adults were included in the study. The participants’ serum thiol-disulfide balance and zinc and copper levels were measured spectrophotometrically using commercial kits. Statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05 between the groups.
Results: The serum copper (p = 0.001), native thiol (p = 0.006), reduced thiol (p < 0.001), and thiol oxidation reduction ratio (p < 0.001) levels were significantly lower in the seasonal AR group than in the control group.
Conclusion: In AR patients, the low level of copper, which is an important trace element, the deterioration of the thiol-disulfide balance, which represents a unique indicator of the oxidant-antioxidant balance, the increased disulfide level caused by oxidative stress, and the decreased native thiol level can all serve as important biochemical markers