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Crystal structure, IR and NMR spectra of (E)-2‑methoxy-4-(2-morpholinovinyl)phenol molecule and its DFT calculations
No full textIn this study; molecular structure, IR and NMR spectroscopic properties of (E)-2–methoxy-4-(2-
morpholinovinyl)phenol are investigated both experimentally and theoretically for the first time. The
structural characterization of the compound was carried out by X-ray diffraction technique. The bond
lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles of the compound were optimized using DFT with the B3LYP
6–311G(dp) base set. Using the optimized results, the infrared vibration frequencies and intensities of the
compound as well as the 1H and 13C chemical shift values in the NMR spectrum were calculated with
the B3LYP 6–311G(dp) basis set. In addition, the potential energy distributions (PED) of the structure were
calculated to determine some characteristic vibrational frequencies of the compound. It is found that the
theoretically calculated data support the experimental results. As a result, there is a good agreement between the experimentally determined structural parameters, vibrational frequencies, chemical shifts and
theoretically calculated data of the compound
Molecular phylogeny of plant pathogenic fungi based on start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism
No full textBackground: A number of molecular marker systems have been developed to assess genetic diversity, carry out phylogenetic analysis, and diagnose and discriminate plant pathogenic fungi. The start codon targeted (SCoT) markers system is a novel approach used here to investigate intra and interspecific polymorphisms of phytopathogenic fungi.
Materials and methods: This study assessed genetic variability between and within 96 isolates of ten fungal species associated with a variety of plant species using 36 SCoT primers.
Results: The six primers generated 331 distinct and reproducible banding patterns, of which 322 were polymorphic (97.28%), resulting in 53.67 polymorphic bands per primer. All primers produced informative amplification profiles that distinguished all fungal species. With a resolving power of 10.65, SCoT primer 12 showed the highest polymorphism among species, followed by primer 33 and primer 29. Polymorphic loci (PPL), Nei's diversity index (h), and Shannon index (I) percentages were 6.25, 0.018, and 0.028, respectively. UPGMA analysis separated all isolates based on morphological classification and revealed significant genetic variation among fungal isolates at the intraspecific level. PCoA analysis strongly supported fungal species discrimination and genetic variation. The other parameters of evaluation proved that SCoT markers are at least as effective as other DNA markers.
Conclusions: SCoT markers were effective in identifying plant pathogenic fungi and were a powerful tool for estimating genetic variation and population structure of different fungi species
The Investigation of the Chemical Composition and Applicability of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Amygdalus communis (Almond) Leaf Aqueous Extract as Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents
Full text linkThe current work’s main objective was to determine the chemical composition of Amygdalus communis (AC) leaf extract and examine the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The chemical composition of AC leaf extract was determined using LC-ESI/MS/MS to detect compounds that may be responsible for the reducing, stabilizing, and capping steps in the synthesis of nanoparticles and their biological activities. The AC-AuNPs were spherical, with a particle size lower than 100 nm and a face-centered cubic structure. The EDX spectrum confirmed the formation of AuNPs and a negative zeta potential value (−27.7 mV) suggested their physicochemical stability. The in vitro cytotoxic efficacy of the AC-AuNPs against colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), glioma (U118), and ovarian (Skov-3) cancer cell lines and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) was evaluated by MTT assay. CaCo-2 cell proliferation was effectively inhibited by the AC-AuNPs at concentrations between 25 and 100 g mL−1. The AC-AuNPs exerted preeminent antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an MIC of 0.02 μg/mL, whilst good activity was shown against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Candida albicans yeast with an MIC of 0.12 μg/mL. Ultimately, the results support the high antibacterial and anticancer potential of biosynthesized AuNPs from AC leaf extract
Analyzing the stakeholder perceptions of Mardin for the protection of cultural heritage elements and their use for tourism purposes with a qualitative approach
No full textKültürel mirasın korunması ve turizm amaçlı kullanımına yönelik bu çalışma Mardin kültürel mirasının turizme kazandırılarak korunması konusunda bilinçlenmeyi sağlamak için yapılması gerekenleri anlatmak ve bu bağlamda turizmde kendini geliştirmiş insanların düşüncelerini belirlemek amacıyla yazılmıştır. Kültürel miras kavramının alan yazında çerçevesinde tanımı ve sınırları, somut ve somut olmayan kültürel miras, kültürel mirasın önemi, kültürel mirasın korunması ve korunmasında karşılaşılan zorluklar gibi turizmle alakalı konu kapsamında ele alınan kavramlar dikkate alınıp araştırmanın yapıldığı alana ait alan yazın taraması yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak Mardin'de turizm sektöründe yer alan 17 kişi örneklem grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada yöntem olarak nitel görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılardan elde edilen bilgiler değerlendirilerek bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Araştırma bulgularına bağlı olarak Mardin'in turizm açısından kıymetli kültürel miras unsurlarına ev sahipliği ettiği, her mevsimde turizm aktivitelerinin varlığına karşın bu unsurların yeterince öneminin anlaşılmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.This study, aimed at the protection of cultural heritage and its use for tourism purposes, has been written to explain what needs to be done to raise awarenessa bouth the protection of Mardin's cultural heritage by bringing it into tourism and to determine the thoughts of people who have improved themselves in tourism. With in the frame work of the literature, the definition and boundaries of the concept of cultural heritage, tangible and intangible cultural heritage, the importance of cultural heritage, the concepts discussed with in the scope of tourism, such as the protection and preservation of cultural heritage, were taken into account and the literature review of the area in which there search was conducted was carried out. In accordance with the purpose of the study, 17 people in the tourism sector in Mardin constitute the sample group. Qualitative interview technique was used as a method in the research. Some suggestions were made by evaluating the information obtained from the participants. Depending on the research findings, it has been concluded that Mardin hosts valuable cultural heritage elements in terms of tourism, and the importance of these elements is not understood enough despite the existence of tourism activities in every season
The problem of god-i·ndividual in the context of the difference of regiliouns existence in the philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard
No full textBu çalışmamızın amacı Søren Kierkegaard felsefesinde dinî varoluşun farkı bağlamında tanrı-birey sorununu açıklamaktır. Dinî varoluşu etkileyen en büyük etmen içinde bulunulan dinî inançtır. Kierkegaard, dinî varoluşun önündeki engelleri kaldırmak için mensup olduğu Hıristiyanlık dininde öznelliğin yitirilmesine karşı çıkar. Bu bağlamda Tanrı sorunu ve günah sorununun açıklanması varoluş süreci açısından önem taşır. Varoluş tek bir temele dayanarak gerçekleşen bir süreç değil, bireyin benliğinde yaşadığı krizler doğrultusunda ilerleyen bir süreçtir. Bu sebeple Kierkegaard felsefesinde, dinî varoluştan önce bireyin benliğinde tecrübe ettiği estetik varoluş ve etik varoluş aşamalarının açıklanması gerekir. Kierkegaard felsefesinde dinî varoluşa erişmek bir sürecin sonucudur. Bu sürecin ilerleyişi bireyin yaşadığı varoluş bunalımları ve benlik algısına göre gelişir. Benlik tanımına ulaşmak için birey, yaşadığı bunalımları çözümleyip rasyonaliteyi de bir köşeye bırakarak dinî varoluş aşamasına iman sıçramasıyla geçebilir. İman sıçramasını gerçekleştiren birey, iman ve umut kavramını da kapsayan sevgi yoluyla Tanrı'yı anlar ve bu sayede dinî varoluşa erişir. Böylece Kierkegaard, bireyin varoluşunu tamamlayabilmesi, yaradılışına uygun bir hayat sürebilmesi için tüm yolların dinî varoluşa çıktığını ortaya koymaya çalışır.This study aims to explain the problem of God- individual in the context of the difference of religious existence in the philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard. The most significant factor affecting religious existence is religious belief. Kierkegaard opposes the loss of subjectivity in the religion of Christianity, to which he belongs, to remove the obstacles to religious existence. In this context, explaining the problem of God and the problem of sin is important in terms of the existing process. Existence is not a process that takes place on a single basis, but a process that progresses in line with the crises experienced in the individual self. For this reason, in the philosophy of Kierkegaard, the stages of aesthetic existence and ethical existence that the individual experiences in the self before religious existence should be explained. In Kierkegaard's philosophy, reaching religious existence results from a process. The progression of this process develops according to the existential crises and self-perception of the individual. To reach the definition of self, the individual can pass through the religious existence stage with a leap of faith, by analyzing the crisis he/she has experienced and leaving rationality aside. The individual who takes the leap of faith understands God through love, including the concept of faith and hope, and thus reaches religious existence. Thus, Kierkegaard tries to reveal that all ways lead to religious existence so that the individual can complete his/her existence and lead a life by his/her nature
Ideology and subject in the posters of the movies shown at The International Worker Films Festival: The Wings of My Father (2016), The Nothingness Factory (2017), Spare Slaves (2018), Emergency Apprices Wanted (2019) and The Scream (2020) samplesof movies
No full textSanayi Devrimi sonrasında toplumsal yaşamın en önemli öznelerinden birisi durumuna gelen işçilerin gündelik yaşamı, sorunları ve hakları için verdikleri mücadeleler başlangıç yıllarından itibaren sinemanın ilgi odaklarından birisi olmuştur. Lumiere Kardeşler tarafından 1895 yılında gerçekleştirilen ilk gösterimde 45 saniye uzunluğundaki The Workers Leaving the Factory (İşçilerin Fabrikadan Çıkışı) isimli filmin bulunması bu ilgiyi açıkça ortaya koyar. İşçilere yönelik ilgi sonraki yıllarda devam etse de işçi filmleri alanında asıl gelişme 1960'lı yıllarda yaşanır. Güçlenen işçi hareketleri dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye'de de işçi filmlerinin sayısının hızla artmasını beraberinde getirir. İşçi filmlerinde yaşanan artış sadece işçi filmlerinin gösterildiği festivallerin düzenlenmesini de beraberinde getirir. İlk işçi filmi festivali ''The International Labour Film Institute'' tarafından 1954 yılında Hamburg'da, ikincisi 1957'de Viyana'da, üçüncüsü 1960'ta Stockholm'de ve dördüncüsü 1963'te Tel Aviv'de yapılır. Bu festivalleri yenileri izler. Türkiye'de ise ilki işçi film festivalinin düzenlenmesi oldukça geç bir tarihte 2006 yılında gerçekleşir. Uluslararası İşçi Filmleri Festivali adındaki festival her yıl düzenlenmekte olup 2023 yılında 18.si düzenlenecektir. Bu çalışmada anılan festivalde gösterilen filmler arasından amaçlı örneklem yöntemiyle belirlenen Babamın Kanatları (2016), Hiçlik Fabrikası (2017), Yedek Köleler (2018), Acil Çırak Aranıyor (2019) ve Çığlık (2020) filmlerinin afişleri göstergebilimsel analiz ile incelenmiştir.The struggles of the workers, which became one of the most important subjects of social life after the Industrial Revolution, for their daily life, problems and rights have been one of the centers of interest of cinema since its early years. The first screening by the Lumiere Brothers in 1895 was the 45-second film The Workers Leaving the Factory, which clearly demonstrates this interest. Although the interest in workers continued in the following years, the real development in the field of workers' films took place in the 1960s. Strengthening workers' movements bring about a rapid increase in the number of workers' films in Turkey as well as in the world. The increase in workers' films brings with it the organization of festivals where only workers' films are shown. The first workers' film festival was organized by The International Labour Film Institute in Hamburg in 1954, the second in Vienna in 1957, the third in Stockholm in 1960 and the fourth in Tel Aviv in 1963. These festivals are followed by new ones. In Turkey, the first workers' film festival was held quite late in 2006. The festival, called the International Workers' Film Festival, is held annually and will be held annually in 2023 for the 18th time. It will be edited. In this study, the posters of the films My father wings (2016), Nothingness Factory (2017), Spare Slaves (2018), Emergency Apprentice Wanted (2019) and Scream (2020), which were determined by the purposeful sampling method among the films shown in the aforementioned festival, were examined by semiotic analysis
The effect of glamping travel motivation on experience and behavioral intention: A research on glamper tourists
No full textBu tez çalışmasında, Muğla ilindeki glamping işletmelerinde konaklayan glamper turistlerin, demografik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve seyahat motivasyonlarının deneyim ve davranışsal niyet üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Muğla'daki glamper turistlerin katıldığı, verilerin anket formu aracılığı ile toplandığı bir alan araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. 697 yerli ve yabancı glamper turistin katılmış olduğu araştırmadan elde edilen veriler; ankete katılanların yarısından fazlası evli, kadın ve yerli turistlerden oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Ankete katılanların büyük çoğunluğu genç yetişkin, yüksek gelir grubunda olan ve eğitim düzeyi yüksek bireylerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan glamper turistler daha çok dinlenme ve eğlence amacıyla ve genellikle aile ile, çift olarak, ya da arkadaşları ile seyahat etmektedir. Konaklama süreleri ise genellikle bir hafta ya da 3-5 gün aralığındadır. Ankete katılanların yarısından fazlası daha önce bir glamping işletmesinde konaklamamıştır. Ayrıca COVID-19 salgınının katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun glamping işletmelerini tercih etmelerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tez çalışmasında seyahat motivasyonu ve deneyimin demografik değişkenlere göre anlamlı farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin tespit edilmesi için T testi ve ANOVA testleri yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda glamper turistlerin seyahat motivasyonlarının medeni durum, yaş, gelir düzeyi, eğitim durumu ve uyruğa göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği ancak cinsiyet değişkenine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir. Glamper turistlerin deneyimlerinin ise medeni durum ve uyruğa göre anlamlı farlılık gösterdiği ancak, yaş, cinsiyet, gelir düzeyi ve eğitim durumuna göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada, glamper turistlerin seyahat motivasyonunun deneyim ve davranışsal niyet üzerindeki etkisi basit ve çoklu regresyon analizleriyle incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda seyahat motivasyonunun hem deneyim hem de davranışsal niyet üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif yönde bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca deneyimin de davranışsal niyet üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, seyahat motivasyonunun alt boyutlarından hangilerinin deneyim ve davranışsal niyeti etkilediği incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; doğa temelli motivasyon ve lüks temelli motivasyonun katılımcıların deneyimini anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği ancak, sosyalleşme motivasyonun deneyimi anlamlı bir şekilde etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, doğa temelli ve sosyalleşme temelli motivasyonun katılımcıların davranışsal niyetini anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği ancak, lüks temelli motivasyonun davranışsal niyeti etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Deneyimin alt boyutlarından hangilerinin katılımcıların davranışsal niyetlerini etkilediği incelendiğinde; hedonizm, katılım, yenilenme ve yenilik boyutlarının davranışsal niyeti anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği ancak anlam ve bilgi boyutu ile yerel kültür boyutunun davranışsal niyeti anlamlı bir şekilde etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarından elde edilen bilgiler ışığında uygulamaya ve alan yazına yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.In this thesis, it is aimed to determine the demographic characteristics of glamper tourists staying in glamping establishments in Muğla and to examine the effects of travel motivations on experience and behavioral intention. For this purpose, a field study was conducted in which the glamper tourists in Muğla participated and the data were collected through a questionnaire. The data obtained from the research in which 697 domestic and foreign glamper tourists participated; It shows that more than half of the respondents are married, female and domestic tourists. The majority of the respondents are young adults, high-income and high-education individuals. The glamper tourists participating in the research are mostly traveling for recreation and entertainment purposes and usually with family, as a couple, or friends. The duration of the stay is usually one week or 3-5 days. More than half of the participants have never stayed at a glamping establishment before. In addition, it was determined that the COVID-19 epidemic was effective in the majority of the participants preferring glamping establishments. In the thesis study, T test and ANOVA tests were performed to determine whether travel motivation and experience differ significantly according to demographic variables. As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that the travel motivations of the glamper tourists differed significantly according to marital status, age, income level, education level and nationality, but did not differ significantly according to the gender variable. It was determined that the experiences of glamper tourists differed significantly according to marital status and nationality, but did not differ significantly according to age, gender, income level and educational status. In the study, the effect of travel motivation of glamper tourists on experience and behavioral intention was examined by simple and multiple regression analyzes. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that travel motivation has a significant and positive effect on both experience and behavioral intention. In addition, it has been determined that experience has a positive and significant effect on behavioral intention. Within the scope of the study, which sub-dimensions of travel motivation affect experience and behavioral intention were examined. According to the analysis results; It was determined that nature-based motivation and luxury-based motivation significantly affected the experience of the participants, but socialization motivation did not significantly affect the experience. In addition, it was determined that nature-based and socialization motivation significantly affected the behavioral intention of the participants, but luxury-based motivation did not affect behavioral intention. When examining which sub-dimensions of experience affect the behavioral intentions of the participants; It has been determined that hedonism, participation, refreshment and innovation dimensions affect behavioral intention significantly, but meaning and knowledge dimension and local culture dimension do not significantly affect behavioral intention. In the light of the information obtained from the research results, suggestions for practice and literature were presented
Nostalgic meaning attached by the artist
No full textZaman, hayatı oluşturan temel ögelerden biridir. Nostalji kavramı bu tezde; özerk nesne üzerinden ele alınmak istenmiştir. Nostalji ve Nesne kavramları üzerinden öz kimlik oluşumuyla bellekteki anıların izleri bugüne aktarılmıştır. Konu sanatta nesne, nostalji ve zaman olarak bütüncül bir şekilde ele alınmak yerine "benim nesnelerimdeki nostalji" olarak sanatçının nesnesi odağa alınıp örneklerle sınırlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada yağlı pastel ve terebentinle kâğıt üzerine yapılan resimler, nesneye yüklenen anlam ve nostalji sanatsal ifadeyle irdelenmektedir. Sanatçıların nesne dünyasındaki ifadelerinden ve sanatsal referanslardan yararlanılmış, aynı zamanda özerk yaşantının resme yansıması olarak kültür ve toplum nostalji bağlamında ele alınmıştır.Time is one of the basic elements that make up life. The concept of nostalgia in this thesis; It is intended to be handled through the autonomous object. The traces of memories in memory have been transferred to today with the formation of self-identity through the concepts of nostalgia and object. Instead of dealing with the subject holistically as object, nostalgia and time in art, the artist's object as "nostalgia in my objects" is focused and limited to examples. In this study, paintings made on paper with oil pastel and turpentine, the meaning and nostalgia attributed to the object are examined with artistic expression. The expressions of the artists in the world of objects and artistic references were used, and at the same time, culture and society were discussed in the context of nostalgia as the reflection of autonomous life in painting
Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot in Wheat-Growing Areas of Northern Kyrgyzstan
Full text linkAbstract: Fungal species associated with crown and root rot diseases in wheat have been extensively
studied in many parts of the world. However, no reports on the relative importance and distribution
of pathogens associated with wheat crown and root rot in Kyrgyzstan have been published. Hence,
fungal species associated with wheat crown/root rot were surveyed in three main wheat production
regions in northern Kyrgyzstan. Fungal species were isolated on 1/5 strength potato-dextrose agar
amended with streptomycin (0.1 g/L) and chloramphenicol (0.05 g/L). A total of 598 fungal isolates
from symptomatic tissues were identified using morphological features of the cultures and conidia,
as well as sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the
translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1), and the RNA polymerase II beta subunit (RPB2) genes. The
percentage of fields from which each fungus was isolated and their relative percentage isolation
levels were determined. Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of common root rot, was the most
prevalent pathogenic species isolated, being isolated from 86.67% of the fields surveyed at a frequency of isolation of 40.64%. Fusarium spp. accounted for 53.01% of all isolates and consisted of
12 different species. The most common Fusarium species identified was Fusarium acuminatum, which
was isolated from 70% of the sites surveyed with an isolation frequency of 21.57%, followed by
Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium nygamai, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium equiseti, all of which had a
field incidence of more than 23%. Inoculation tests with 44 isolates representing 17 species on the
susceptible Triticum aestivum cv. Seri 82 revealed that Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum
isolates were equally the most virulent pathogens. The widespread distribution of moderately virulent B. sorokiniana appears to be a serious threat to wheat culture, limiting yield and quality. With
the exception of F. culmorum, the remaining Fusarium species did not pose a significant threat to
wheat production in the surveyed areas because common species, such as F. acuminatum, F. nygamai,
F. oxysporum, and F. equiseti, were non-pathogenic but infrequent species, such as Fusarium redolens,
Fusarium algeriense, and F. pseudograminearum, were highly or moderately virulent. Curvularia inaequalis, which was found in three different fields, was mildly virulent. The remaining Fusarium
species, Fusarium solani, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium burgessii, and Fusarium tricinctum, as well
as Microdochium bolleyi, Microdochium nivale, and Macrophomina phaseolina, were non-pathogenic and
considered to be secondary colonizers. The implications of these findings are discussed
A novel blight and root rot of chickpea: A new host for Neoscytalidium dimidiatum
No full textIn the southeastern province of Mardin in Turkey, a severe and novel fungal infection affected all chickpea plant parts, resulting in blight symptoms on stem, petiole, branch, and leaf, defoliation, seed and root rot, and death. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum was identified as the agent responsible for this new blight and root rot using sequence analysis of the ITS, tef1, and tub2 loci as well as morphological data. The pathogen was found in all surveyed districts and fields, with varying incidences of blight and root rot, blight being nearly twice (40%) as common as root rot (21%), and root-rotted and blighted plants co-occurring in the majority of instances. All 92 N. dimidiatum isolates from various tissues induced necrotic lesions on the inoculated plants, indicating they were pathogenic for chickpea. Conidia exhibited germination across a temperature range, with increasing temperatures positively influencing germination rates, and mycelial growth was significantly influenced by temperature, with the optimal growth temperature observed to be 35 °C. The response of 25 Turkish chickpea cultivars and three other genotypes when subjected to inoculation with Ciar 12 and Ciar 78 isolates, representative of phylogenetic clusters, was evaluated based on the severity of blight and root rot. The majority of cultivars and genotypes displayed high susceptibility and suffered mortality when exposed to either soil or spray inoculation with each isolate. Among the assessed cultivars and genotypes, Çağatay had the lowest severity of root rot. This study is the first to report a natural infection of chickpea plants by N. dimidiatum. Under global warming, this may be detrimental to chickpea cultivation and habitat in southeastern Turkey, which is the origin of chickpeas