Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
Not a member yet
2843 research outputs found
Sort by
Addressing challenges in promoting the use of animal-origin textile fibers for mitigating microplastic pollution on earth
No full textThe aim of this review is to address the issue of textile-origin microplastics and to provide possible solutions that can be propose through a scientific and development program. The constant expansion of textile production and consumption, driven by population growth and the ubiquity of fast fashion, has triggered environmental contamination resulting from the release of fiber fragments during the washing and use of clothing and household textiles. These fragments, ranging in size from 1 μm to 5 mm, pose a novel source of pollution that not only threatens the health of aquatic animals when ingested but also risks human food safety by infiltrating the food chain. Despite the growing awareness of the environmental impacts of these plastic microfibers (MP) from synthetic textiles, this study departs from conventional actions focused on mitigating microplastic pollution. Instead, it focuses on proposing specific measures to reduce MP emissions and addresses the even greater challenge of replacing these plastic microfibers with animal-origin textile fibers. This approach emerges as a promising and sustainable alternative to counteract the negative environmental impact of the contemporary fashion industry. The essence of this challenge lies in determining the competitiveness of animal-origin textile fibers against MP. To achieve this goal, specific actions are proposed, including the need to reduce both the environmental impact and costs associated with processing animal fibers. The study also emphasizes the importance of effectively highlighting the biological and textile advantages of these fibers to encourage their acceptance and adoption in the competitive textile market. This project addresses concrete strategies to promote the use of animal-origin textile fibers. It suggests optimizing the cleaning process and genetically improving these fibers, considering key aspects such as quality and color. The research also highlights the potential contribution to sustainability certification and well-being associated with the use of animal-origin textile fibers, providing a solid foundation for their adoption in the textile industry. In conclusion, this work not only departs from traditional measures focused on microplastics to address MP release but ventures into more ambitious territory by proposing increased use of animal-origin textile fibers as a path to a more sustainable fashion. Specific actions are outlined to enhance the competitiveness of these fibers in the current market, emphasizing their potential contribution to reducing textile pollution and thus strengthening the transition to more environmentally responsible practices in the fashion industry
Guía técnica de cultivos hidropónicos
Get PDFEl Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI), a través del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), pone a disposición de los productores, técnicos, conservacionistas, profesionales e investigadores, la presente guía "Guía técnica de cultivos hidropónicos". El documento tiene como finalidad orientar de una manera práctica a la población peruana en el uso de la hidroponía como una técnica de producción agrícola para contribuir con la seguridad alimentaria; además de promoverla como una alternativa de emprendimiento
Application of sugarcane bagasse and vinasse for reclaiming a saline-sodic soil in Peru
Get PDFSe evaluó el efecto de la cachaza y la vinaza -residuos generados del procesamiento de la caña de azúcar- en las propiedades de un suelo salino-sódico mediante un experimento en invernadero. Se utilizaron dosis de los residuos para desplazar el 100 y 200 % del sodio intercambiable. La densidad aparente (DA) resultó menor en suelos aplicados con vinaza mientras que la conductividad hidráulica saturada (Ks) resultó mayor en suelos con aplicación de cachaza con aumentos de la conductividad eléctrica del extracto de saturación (CEes) y las concentraciones de sodio, calcio, magnesio, y cloruro. La concentración de sulfato resultó menor en el suelo con vinaza, lo contrario ocurrió en el caso del potasio
Reporte de Investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 30 de Setiembre 2023
No full textEn este reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT se observa que al finalizar el mes de setiembre se cuenta con un total de 60 investigadores, divididas en 56 afiliados y 04 no afiliados. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre los investigadores del INIA en el RENACYT
Efecto de dos temperaturas de dilución sobre la calidad de semen en ganado cebuino del Trópico Peruano
No full textEl toro es un factor de importancia genética y económica en un hato ganadero, ya que de este dependerán las próximas generaciones; por lo tanto, es esencial la evaluación de la calidad seminal y la criopreservación de su material genético. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de dos temperaturas de dilución sobre la calidad de semen de ganado cebuino del Trópico Peruano. Dos toros Gyr fueron colectados semanalmente mediante electroeyaculación. Las muestras se colocaron en baño maría a 34°C y se analizaron las características macroscópicas y microscópicas del semen. Solo los eyaculados con >60% de motilidad y <20% de anormalidades fueron procesados, separándolos en dos tratamientos. El T1 consistió en predilución 1:1 a 34°C, luego de 30 minutos una dilución final agregando el dilutor a 34°C. El T2 consistió en predilución 1:1 a 34°C y a los 30 minutos de estabilización se llevó a refrigeración conjuntamente con el dilutor, para luego realizar la dilución final a 5°C. La calidad seminal fue analizada luego de 16 horas de refrigeración. El porcentaje de vitalidad en T1 (80,89%) fue mayor que en T2 (71,22%) (p<0,05), la reacción positiva a la prueba hipoosmótica fue mayor en T1 (71,11%) que en T2 (60%) (p<0,05). La integridad acrosomal y los rasgos morfométricos no variaron según tratamientos. En conclusión, la dilución inicial y final a 34°C en toros Gyr influye positivamente sobre la calidad seminal antes de la congelación de pajillas de semen
Uso de coberturas vegetales como estrategia para reducir la erosión del suelo e incrementar el rendimiento de maíz amiláceo (Zea mays L.)
No full textSoil degradation is a problem facing agriculture, with water being the most important erosive agent, affecting, among others, crop yields. The objective of this study was to know the effect of four plant covers on soil erosion and starchy corn yield, in three locations in the Ayacucho region (Peru) during the 2018 - 2019 agricultural season. Five treatments were assigned: control, clover cover, vetch cover, vetch-oat cover, and mulch, in corn plots under a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with four blocks. Combined analysis of variance was used to evaluate the results. It was observed that soil erosion and corn yield were significantly (P < 0.001) influenced by plant cover and locations. Vetch-oat and clover cover significantly reduced soil erosion (–53 and –36%, respectively) due to the higher leaf biomass produced by both (6131 and 6052 kg ha–1, respectively). Clover cover produced the highest corn yield (3749 kg ha–1; +78%); while vetch-oats produced the lowest (1955 kg ha–1), without significant differences with the control. The highest production of biomass, N and C of the foliar coverages was produced in the location with the least slope; while the highest performance occurred in steeper areas. Clover cover turned out to be a better option to reduce soil erosion and increase corn yield
Atlas de las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias del INIA
No full textEl presente Atlas contiene información de los aspectos relevantes de las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias, tales como: creación, Centros Experimentales, ubicación y ámbito de intervención. Asimismo, presenta una colección de mapas que contribuye al conocimiento geográfico de éstas, así como de las actividades de conservación y puesta en valor de recursos genéticos, investigación, desarrollo tecnológico, producción de material genético de calidad, transferencia de tecnología, extensión agraria y servicios tecnológicos agrarios que se desarrollan a nivel nacional
Notas de la biología de estadios inmaduros y plantas hospederas de Artines angelica (Medeiros, 2019) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Moncina) en el distrito de Las Piedras, Madre de Dios, Perú (febrero a abril del 2022 y 2023)
No full textEl Perú cuenta con más de 4000 especies de mariposas diurnas, considerado como el registro con el mayor número de especies a nivel mundial. Estas especies de mariposas destacan por su rol como polinizadores, por ser indicadores de la biodiversidad y su particular relación con muchas especies vegetales. Una de las especies de mariposas recientemente reportada y que se encuentra en Madre de Dios (Perú) es Artines angelica. La crianza de A. angelica fue realizada en la finca Las Piedras, Madre de Dios (Perú) bajo condiciones no controladas dentro de un laboratorio de campo durante febrero a abril del 2022 y 2023. Los individuos fueron criados en recipientes cilíndricos de plástico, cubiertos por una malla de nylon y asegurados con una banda elástica, se proveyeron hojas de las plantas hospederas respectivas diariamente para la alimentación. Se registró el crecimiento diario de las larvas utilizando una bitácora y una base de datos virtual, además de un registro fotográfico con una cámara Nikon D7100 con lente macro incorporado. Las mediciones se realizaron mediante un conteo de píxeles de fotografías de alta resolución y se ilustraron las cápsulas cefálicas mediante un software de diseño gráfico. Se describen características morfológicas y biológicas de los estadios inmaduros y de las plantas hospederas. Las observaciones realizadas entre los meses de febrero y abril muestran que el periodo larvo-pupal es de 54 días; el estado larval presenta seis estadios, con una duración en días de cinco (primero), cinco (segundo), ocho (tercero), seis (cuarto), cinco (quinto) y doce (sexto), y el periodo prepupal es de uno a dos días. La pupa tiene un periodo de 10 a 12 días. Se observa que la coloración de la cápsula cefálica varía entre los instares, especialmente en los últimos instares. Todos los estadios larvales forman refugios tubulares de tipo II, dentro del grupo I con base en la clasificación de Greeney & Jones (2003). Se reporta por primera vez a Olyra latifolia y Taquara micrantha como plantas hospederas para la especie
Classifying the risk of forest loss in the Peruvian amazon rainforest: An alternative approach for sustainable forest management using artificial intelligence
No full textPeruvian Amazonian rainforests are constantly threatened by forest loss. Understanding changes in forest cover and assessing the level of risk is a permanent concern for numerous scientists and forest authorities. There are many conservation programs for Peruvian forests that involve collaborative efforts and employ diverse methodologies for forest monitoring. In this study, we propose an alternative approach to decision-making for forest preservation, aiming to classify the risk of forest loss in districts within the Peruvian Amazon rainforest. This classification enables sustainable forest management. To accomplish this, we utilized unsupervised learning artificial intelligence through Kohonen's neural network. The network was trained using a historical database spanning from 2001 to 2021, which includes variables such as forest cover and loss, climate, topography, hydrographic networks, and timber forest concessions. Through this approach, the network successfully established five clusters. Following preliminary analysis, we designated these clusters as: low, medium, high, very high, and extremely high risk of forest loss. Kohonen networks demonstrated their effectiveness in clustering forest loss and forest cover. The results indicate a shifting trend among the classes over time, with an increase in the categories exhibiting high and very high risk of forest cover loss. This study provides valuable information for decision-making in the prevention and conservation of Peruvian forests. We strongly recommend maintaining vigilance, particularly in districts classified as a very high or extremely high risk of losing forest cover
Sustainability of livestock farms: The case of the district of Moyobamba, Peru
Get PDFThe Peruvian Amazon is a geographical area with great biodiversity, where the main economic activities are agricultural crops and grazing animals. The evaluation of sustainability in production systems is based on the analysis of economic, environmental and social components, which are variable between production units or livestock farms. The classification of livestock farms based on their characteristics of similarity and differences can contribute to the most appropriate assessment of their level of sustainability. The objective of this research was to determine the level of sustainability of livestock farms in the district of Moyobamba, San Martín, Peru, based on environmental, economic and social criteria. The research was carried out from November 2018 to February 2019 with a survey of a sample of 60 livestock farms out of a population of 2220. A survey-type form and data collection in the field were applied, adapting a methodology that proposes inferring on 33 indicators grouped into six criteria: three environmental criteria (soil quality, pasture health and animal quality), two economic criteria (farm system and farm economy), and a social criterion of the farm. A scale from 1 to 10 was used to assess the condition of each indicator. The typification of farms was carried out through a Conglomerate Analysis. To analyze the level of sustainability, Amoeba graphs were constructed for each defined farm group. Qualitative variables were analyzed with contingency tables and quantitative variables using the T test (p < 0.05). Three types of livestock farms were identified, differentiated by level of education, farm size, years in cattle raising and number of cattle heads (p < 0.05), where Group 1 is less experienced, Group 1 has more area and cattle, and Group 3 only have older years in livestock. There were significant differences between the evaluated criteria and the sustainability index. From the typification of livestock farms, Group 2 (13 farms) presented a higher level of sustainability as did Group 3 (16 farms), while Group 1 (31 farms)