Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Comparison of testicular characteristics using B mode and Doppler ultrasonography in tui and adult alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
No full textEl objetivo de estudio fue comparar las características testiculares mediante la ultrasonografía B mode y Doppler en alpacas tui y adultos. El estudio fue realizado en el Centro Experimental Chuquibambilla de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Perú, durante la época reproductiva (marzo). Se utilizaron 15 tui machos (G1) de 12 a 14 meses de edad y 14 adultos (G2) de 24 a 36 meses. Se evaluaron las características ultrasonográficas B mode (largo [mm], ancho [mm], área [cm2] y volumen testicular [cm3]) y Doppler (índice de resistencia [IR], índice de pulsatibidad [IP] y área vascular testicular [AVT]) con un equipo Draminski 4Vet® y un transductor micro convexo y lineal con una frecuencia de 9 MHz. Lo datos fueron analizados mediante un diseño factorial de 2x2. El largo, ancho, volumen y área testicular dentro de cada grupo etario no presentó diferencias significativas entre el testículo derecho e izquierdo; sin embargo, las medidas de las alpacas adultos fueron significativamente mayores que en las tuis (p<0.05). El IR fue similar en ambos grupos etarios, pero el AVT fue superior en los tuis en comparación con los adultos
Morphological differentiation, yield, and cutting time of Lolium multiflorum L. under acid soil conditions in Highlands
No full textLivestock production in the basins of the northern macro-region of Peru has as its primary source pastures of Lolium multiflorum L. ‘Cajamarquino ecotype’ (ryegrass CE) in monoculture, or in association with white clover Ladino variety, for feeding. The objective of this research work was the morphological characterisation, yield evaluation, and cutting time evaluation of two local genotypes (LM-58 and LM-43) of Lolium multiflorum L. in six locations. An ANOVA was performed to compare fixed effects and interaction. It was determined that the LM-58 genotype is intermediate, growing semi-erect, with a dark green colouring and 0.8 cm broadleaf, and can reach an average stem length of 46 cm, up to 1.6 cm. day−1, achieving fourth-leaf growth at 28 days under appropriate management conditions. Despite the differentiated characteristics, according to BLASTn evaluation, the ITS1 sequences showed a greater than 99.9% similar identification to Lolium multiflorum L., characterising it as such. It was determined that the LM-58 genotype outperforms LM-43, achieving a forage yield of 4.49 Mg. ha−1, a seed production of 259.23 kg. ha−1, and an average of 13.48% crude protein (CP). The best biomass yield (49.10 Mg. ha−1.yr−1) is reached at 60 days; however, at 30 days, there is a high level of CP (14.84%) and there are no differences in the annual protein production at the cutting age of 60 and 45 days. With the results of the present study, LM-58 from a selection and crossbreeding of 680 ryegrass EC accessions emerges as an elite genotype adapted to the conditions of the northern high Andean zone of Peru.This work was financed with resources from Project CUI 2432072: “Mejoramiento de la disponibilidad de material genético de ganado bovino con alto valor a nivel nacional. 7 departamentos” of the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation-Peru
Tillage Systems Modify the Soil Properties and Cassava Physiology During Drought
No full textThe statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.Soils are highly sensitive to the type of tillage practices used, as these practices influence soil properties and affect crops, the environment, and society. However, research on cassava production under different tillage systems during drought conditions in the Peruvian Amazon has not been reported. The objective of this study was to compare soil properties, cassava physiology, and yield under conservation agriculture (CA) and traditional agriculture (TA) practices, with and without mulch, in a water-scarce environment. Soil moisture, earthworm population (Ew), stomatal conductance, leaf area index, and commercial yield under CA were 5.26% (~105.2 m³ ha⁻¹), 83%, 1.2 times, 1.14 times, and 7.3 t ha⁻¹, respectively, higher than under TA. Hydraulic conductivity (Ks) in TA was 2.1 times higher than that in CA. However, Ks, bulk density, and Ew over time showed a gradual recovery under CA. The mulch factor only affected Ew, which was higher without mulch than with mulch. The results indicate that CA practices were superior to TA practices, improving soil properties, cassava physiology, and yield, and, therefore, offer significant benefits in resource conservation and higher production and profitability in a drought-prone environment.This research was funded by the project “Creación del servicio de agricultura de precisión en los Departamentos de Lambayeque, Huancavelica, Ucayali y San Martín 4 Departamentos" CUI 2449640 of the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation (MIDAGRI) of the Peruvian Government.Abstract
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Reporte Repositorio Institucional del 01 al 30 abril 2024
No full textDurante el mes de abril se incorporaron 18 publicaciones técnico científicas, en el Repositorio Institucional del INIA, contando a la fecha con un total de 2355 publicaciones, divididas en comunidades y colecciones. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre las publicaciones técnico-científicas que vienen siendo incorporadas por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA
Landsat images and GIS techniques as key tools for historical analysis of landscape change and fragmentation
No full textMonitoring and evaluation of landscape fragmentation is important in numerous research areas, such as natural resource protection and management, sustainable development, and climate change. One of the main challenges in image classification is the intricate selection of parameters, as the optimal combination significantly affects the accuracy and reliability of the final results. This research aimed to analyze landscape change and fragmentation in northwestern Peru. We utilized accurate land cover and land use (LULC) maps derived from Landsat imagery using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and ArcGIS software. For this, we identified the best dataset based on its highest overall accuracy, and kappa index; then we performed an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the differences in accuracies among the datasets, finally, we obtained the LULC and fragmentation maps and analyzed them. We generated 31 datasets resulting from the combination of spectral bands, indices of vegetation, water, soil and clusters. Our analysis revealed that dataset 19, incorporating spectral bands along with water and soil indices, emerged as the optimal choice. Regarding the number of trees utilized in classification, we determined that using between 10 and 400 decision trees in Random Forest classification doesn't significantly affect overall accuracy or the Kappa index, but we observed a slight cumulative increase in accuracy metrics when using 100 decision trees. Additionally, between 1989 and 2023, the categories Artificial surfaces, Agricultural areas, and Scrub/ Herbaceous vegetation exhibit a positive rate of change, while the categories Forest and Open spaces with little or no vegetation display a decreasing trend. Consequently, the areas of patches and perforated have expanded in terms of area units, contributing to a reduction in forested areas (Core 3) due to fragmentation. As a result, forested areas smaller than 500 acres (Core 1 and 2) have increased. Finally, our research provides a methodological framework for image classification and assessment of landscape change and fragmentation, crucial information for decision makers in a current agricultural zone of northwestern Peru
Manual de manejo agronómico del pallar
No full textEl presente documento se ha elaborado en base a los resultados obtenidos de diversos trabajos de conservación y caracterización agromorfológica de P. lunatus desarrollados en la Estación Experimental Agraria Chincha, a lo largo de dos años. En tal sentido, el “Manual de manejo agronómico del pallar”, proporciona información relevante sobre aspectos generales y manejo agronómico de este importante cultivo, y se pone a disposición de productores, profesionales, investigadores y público en general, resaltando sus peculiaridades a fin de promover su producción y conservación
Evaluación del prendimiento y desarrollo de clones de caucho (Hevea brasiliensis) propagados por injerto en la selva peruana
No full textThe latex yield in Hevea brasiliensis trees is highly variable; Therefore, it is important to propagate commercial clones of this species by grafting in order to standardize or improve latex yields and therefore improve the economic income of producers in this part of the Amazon region. Objective. To evaluate the attachment and development of rubber clones propagated by grafting in the Peruvian jungle. Methodology. Nine-month-old patterns installed in the field were used. These were grafted with budding rods from the commercial clones TR-1, FX-3864, RRIM-600, IAN-873 and MDF-180. A completely randomized block design was used with five treatments and three blocks with 15 experimental units; each containing 30 repetitions. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple range test (p<0.05) and the Kruskal Wallis test. Results. The best results in attachment and number of shoots were obtained in grafts with clone MDF-180 with values of 73.33 % and 7.83 shoots respectively; Regarding days to the appearance of the shoot and length, clone TR-1 presented it with 36.63 days and 27.47 cm; The largest leaf area was presented by the graft with clone IAN-873 with 55.46 cm2, while the highest chlorophyll content was obtained in grafts with clone RRIM-600 with 47.18 SPAD. Implications. More studies are required to establish the quality and adaptability of rubber clones propagated by grafting in different site conditions and establish patterns of tree productivity in a short time; Likewise, it is desired to evaluate the quality and quantity of latex produced by these clones. Conclusions. These results indicate the feasibility of propagating Hevea brasiliensis through shoot grafting in the field, which opens great possibilities for propagating rubber trees with better commercial characteristics, particularly with greater latex production
Manual de manejo agronómico de algodón de trópico
No full textEl Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI), a través del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), pone a disposición el “Manual de manejo agronómico de algodón de trópico”, con la finalidad de brindar alcances técnicos que contribuyan a mejorar la calidad y la rentabilidad de la producción
Palatoschisis in a Holstein breed calf: Clinical case
No full textPalatoschisis is a hereditary teratoma that occurs in cattle, it is a hereditary anomaly that affects the oral cavity due to a bad closure during embryonic development, this malformation can have a negative impact on the animal, affecting its feeding and generating problems such as regurgitation and rhinitis. We report the case of a 2-month-old female bovine that presented a malformation specifically in the hard palate. It was observed that the calf presented palatoschisis, showed difficulty in feeding, as well as rhinitis, symptoms derived from the described anomaly
Regenerative agriculture: Inclusive approach for transforming conventional agriculture
No full textRegenerative agriculture is an inclusive and transformative approach that aims to revolutionize conventional farming practices. It goes beyond the traditional boundaries of agriculture by focusing on restoring ecosystems, improving soil health, and promoting a sustainable coexistence between humans and the environment. This chapter explores the core principles of regenerative agriculture, highlighting its potential to address pressing environmental challenges associated with conventional methods. Key components include prioritizing soil health through practices like cover cropping and minimizing soil disturbance, promoting biodiversity through diversified crops and holistic management, and implementing water conservation techniques. The economic viability of regenerative practices is supported by reduced input costs, increased resilience, and diversified income streams for farmers. Socially, regenerative agriculture encourages community engagement and knowledge sharing and contributes to local food security. Although there are barriers to adopting regenerative practices, such as initial transition costs and policy challenges, many farmers have already embraced this approach. As emerging trends and technologies continue to shape the agricultural landscape, regenerative practices offer a beacon of hope for a more sustainable and inclusive future. They provide a pathway towards resilient, environmentally conscious, and socially equitable food systems