Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Cloud computing application for the analysis of land use and land cover changes in dry forests of Peru
No full textDry forests are ecosystems of great importance worldwide, but in recent decades they have been affected by climate change and changes in land use. In this study, we evaluated land use and land cover changes (LULC) in dry forests in Peru between 2017 and 2021 using Sentinel-2 images, and cloud processing with Machine Learning (ML) models. The results reported a mapping with accuracies above 85% with an increase in bare soil, urban areas and open dry forest, and reduction in the area of crops and dense dry forest. Protected natural areas lost 2.47% of their conserved surface area and the areas with the greatest degree of land use impact are located in the center and north of the study area. The study provides information that can help in the management of dry forests in northern Peru.We would like to thank the Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agropecuario – DDTA of the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria – INIA. This research was conducted and financed mainly by CUI Project No 2253484 “Creación de un Servicio de Laboratorio de Agrostología de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza” that was financed by Sistema Nacional de Inversión Pública (SNIP) of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) of Peru. Also, was supported by the Vice-Rectorate of Research of the Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas - UNTRM
Impact of production practices and sanitary management on the prevalence of Neospora caninum and bluetongue virus in Creole goats from the tropical dry forest of Utcubamba, Peru
No full textOBJECTIVE
This study aimed to report the impact of production practices and sanitary management on the prevalence of Neospora caninum (N caninum) and bluetongue virus (BTV) in Creole goats from the tropical dry forest of Utcubamba, Peru.
METHODS
354 blood samples were obtained from male and female goats of diverse ages reared under an extensive productive system. The diagnosis of N caninum and BTV was conducted through a commercial ELISA kit (iD.vet) with readings taken on a Bio-Rad iMark microplate reader at 450 nm. Additionally, a survey was conducted with 18 goat producers to categorize them based on social, technical (production, health, reproduction, nutrition, and infrastructure), environmental, and economic factors.
RESULTS
The overall seroprevalence of N caninum and BTV in goats was 6.21% and 7.06%, respectively, Notably, group II farmers had the highest prevalence rates at 7.69% for N caninum and 23.08% for BTV. This group comprises producers with fewer than 21 goats, while group III includes 14.3% of producers with over 60 goats and better infrastructure.
CONCLUSIONS
This study confirms the presence of N caninum and BTV in goats of Utcubamba, Peru. Group II displayed the highest prevalence rates, suggesting that herd size and management infrastructure influence disease prevalence.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
In the tropical dry forest of Utcubamba, inadequate management of N caninum carrier agents (eg, nondewormed dogs) heightens transmission risk, while the tropical climate supports BTV vectors. Effective diagnosis and health management strategies, including vector control and biosecurity practices, are crucial for ongoing herd health monitoringThis research was funded by the project “Mejoramiento de los Servicios de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnologías para el Manejo Sostenible de la Ganadería Caprina en Bosque Seco y Costa Central, en los Departamentos de Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, Amazonas, La Libertad, Ancash, Ayacucho, Ica y Lima” with CUI 2506684–PROCAP of the Dirección de Supervisión y Monitoreo de las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias (DSME) belonging to the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA)–Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI)
Can Fasciola hepatica modulate the severity of COVID–19?
No full textPerú es considerada una zona hiperendémica de fasciolosis con una prevalencia entre 6,7 a 47,7% (promedio 24,4%) en humanos. En esta zona, la eficacia del Triclabendazol en bovinos es solo del 25,2%, por ello la presencia de cepas resistentes está ampliamente distribuida. El problema se acentúa por ser una enfermedad zoonótica. Además, el Triclabendazol es el único fármaco eficaz contra las distintas formas del parásito. Las catepsinas L y B están involucradas en la migración, nutrición, reproducción y evasión de la respuesta inmune y supervivencia de Fasciola hepatica. Al analizar el proceso en el que el virus SARS–CoV–2 ingresa a la célula, se requiere la presencia de proteasa de serina celular de transmembrana 2 (TMPRSS2) y catepsina L/B (CTSL); donde TMPRSS2 activa la glicoproteína S viral para fusionar la célula con la membrana viral, mientras que la glicoproteína S viral es activada por CTSL, lo que permite la fusión de la membrana endosómica y viral, que el virus infecte a la célula hospedadora es preocupante para estimar el posible efecto que podría generar en poblaciones infectadas con F. hepatica debido a que se necesita una coinfección existente, como resultado del aumento sistémico de las catepsinas L/B secretadas por este parásito y la supervivencia dentro del hospedador definitivo, posiblemente estas poblaciones se vuelvan más susceptibles a la infección viral por coinfección con el parásito; haciendo un llamado a la comunidad científica para identificar alternativas de control de parásitos y no tener un problema asociado a corto plazo
Responses of Megacyllene andesiana and Oreodera bituberculata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to anti-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol, and fuscumol acetate in Peru
No full textManagement of phytosanitary and biosecurity risks associated with the Cerambycidae focuses on prevention and early detection. Semiochemical-baited traps are an important component of these management efforts. Cerambycid pheromones are often screened in field trials to develop inventories of which species can be surveyed with which semiochemicals. We report field trials of two types of intercept traps (four- and three-sided panel traps) baited with known Cerambycidae pheromones aimed to capture Peruvian fauna. Intercept traps were baited with anti-2,3-hexanediol, fuscumol, and fuscumol acetate alone and in binary and ternary blends. The most frequently captured species was Megacyllene andesiana (Casey) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 268), followed by Oreodera bituberculata Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 59), Discopus eques Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 37), and Aegomorphus longitarsis (Bates) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (n = 31). Trap type did not affect capture rates. Male and female M. andesiana were attracted by anti-2,3-hexanediol. The addition of fuscumol, fuscumol acetate, or the combination of fuscumol and fuscumol acetate reduced male M. andesiana captures, whereas the addition of fuscumol and the combination of fuscumol and fuscumol acetate reduced the response of female M. andesiana. Male O. bituberculata were attracted to traps baited with fuscumol, and this response was reduced by the addition of fuscumol acetate, whether or not anti-2,3-hexanediol was present
Characterization and typification of small-scale goat production systems in the highlands of southeast Peru
No full textArticulo científicoGoat breeding in Peru is one of the main activities of smallholders. Goats are distributed in different agroecological zones and regions of the country, developing under heterogeneity of production systems, making it difficult to understand goat breeders’ socioeconomic, technological, and productive situations. This study aimed to characterize and typify the goat production systems in the highlands of southeast Peru. A survey was conducted with 91 goat farmers from five districts of Ayacucho, Peru, using a structured and individualized questionnaire administered on their farms. The socio-economic, productive, and commercial characteristics of the goat production systems were recorded. A multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical classification analysis (HCA) were performed to establish a typology of the smallholders. The results reveal that the breeding system is extensive, where there is no breeding program, with natural pastures and crop stubble being the source of food for the herds. Only slightly more than half (54%) carry out a deworming program. Farmers were categorized into three different groups, corresponding to three different farming systems: Group 1 farmers raised goats solely for home consumption; Group 2 breeders raised goats for both consumption and marketing of surplus products (cheese, milk, and meat), and Group 3 farmed focused on producing cheese and goat kids and selling to local markets. The study provides valuable insights that will help design effective breeding strategies to develop sustainable goat farming in the region, considering different production systems and their respective socio-economic and trade dynamics. This classification will be essential for tailoring development programs to the specific needs of each group, promoting better use of resources, improving productivity, and enhancing the livelihoods of smallholder goat producers in Peru.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was financially supported by the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), through the research goat project (CUI N°2506684).
Seedling Production of Retrophyllum rospigliosii in Nurseries and Potential Reforestation Areas Using Modeling Techniques
No full textThe success of reforestation and restoration projects depends on several factors, with proper seedling management and the selection of an appropriate planting area being crucial. In Peru, the populations of Retrophyllum rospigliosii (Pilg.) C.N.Page (Ulcumano) have been decreasing due to intensive logging of one of the most valuable woods in South America's tropical forests. There are few studies that unify the production of plants through seeds in nurseries and the identification of suitable areas to place the plants produced. Our study has two components. The first aimed to optimize the plant production process through an experiment that evaluated the effects of three doses of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) (4.2, 8.4, and 12.6 g/L) and two container sizes (115 and 180 cc) on the morphological quality of seedlings in the nursery. The second component involved identifying potential reforestation areas using ecological niche modeling, based on climatic and edaphic variables. The results indicated that the 4.2 g/L CRF treatment for both container sizes had a significant positive effect on seedling growth. The average germination rate was 85% at 120 days. At six months after seedling transplantation, treatments of 4.2 g/L CRF in 115 cc and 180 cc containers were shown to have the best positive effect on morphological variables of seedlings, with a root collar diameter of 3.76 mm and a height of 13.25 cm. Regarding the potential niche models, an area of 6321.97 km² with ideal conditions for reforestation with R. rospigliosii was estimated, with the departments of Huánuco, Pasco, Junín, and Cusco showing the highest potential. Based on this, it is estimated that over three million plants are needed for large-scale reforestation projects. Integrating silvicultural studies with niche models is a valuable tool for supporting reforestation and ecosystem restoration projects.This work was supported by Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú (CONTRACT N° 021-2020-VRI-UNCP)
Reporte Repositorio Institucional del 01 al 31 mayo del 2024
No full textDurante el mes de mayo se incorporaron 20 publicaciones técnico científicas, en el Repositorio Institucional del INIA, contando a la fecha con un total de 2375 publicaciones, divididas en comunidades y colecciones. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre las publicaciones técnico-científicas que vienen siendo incorporadas por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA
Reporte de Investigadores del INIA en RENACYT
No full textReporte de investigadores de INIA calificados en el RENACYT del Concytec visualizados en formato de tablero de control interactivo y actualizado mensualmente
Compost quality optimization through Plackett-Burman’s design
No full textPurpose: This research aimed at compost quality optimization through Plackett-Burman’s design application.This statistical method was used to identify and evaluate key factors that impact compost quality and determine its optimal levels. Method: Eight experiments were carried out with variables such as leachate recirculation, Carbon/Nitrogen ratio,manure type, bacterial and fungi incorporation, type of plant material, and compost pile height. Results: Obtained results revealed significant influence of guinea pig manure in compost quality, improving pH and electric conductivity (dS∙m-1) values, as well as its influence on purple corn fresh and dry weight increase. However, the use of guinea pig manure can increase arsenic, mercury, and lead compost levels, but within the range allowed by Peruvian technical standards. Leachate recirculation showed significant effect on compost humidity increase, which decreased its physical quality to not permitted values by Peruvian technical standards. In addition, leachate uses a reduced number of corn leaves, as well as its fresh and dry weight. It was possible to identify optimal conditions to maximize composting process efficiency, through Plackett-Burman’s Design.
Conclusion: These findings provide a solid foundation for composting practice's continuous improvement, contributing to high-quality organic fertilizer production more efficiently and sustainably. This study has the potential to guide future research and feasible applications in the agricultural field, favoring more environmentally friendly practices adoption.This research was funded by the CUI 2487112 INIA project “Research and technology transfer services improvement in the management and recovery of degraded agricultural soils and irrigation water for small and medium-scale agriculture in the departments of Lima, Ancash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno, and Ucayali”
Production costs of creole sheep in southern Peru
No full textEl objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los costos de producción del ovino criollo. La investigación se realizó en el Centro Experimental Chuquibambilla de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, en Puno, Perú, al sur del Perú, a una altitud de 3970 msnm. Para calcular los costos de producción, se aplicaron los principios de costos directos e indirectos, obteniendo los datos de los registros contables del centro. En el proceso de cálculo de los costos de producción, se utilizaron precios de mercado para asegurar su fidelidad a la realidad económica. En algunos casos, también se consideraron los precios internos de ventas en el centro, utilizando la moneda local, el Sol (S/), como unidad monetaria. Los resultados revelan que, en la estructura global de costos, la mano de obra directa constituye el 77,2%, seguida de la alimentación con un 5,89%, y el personal administrativo representa el 5,65%, entre otros. Se observó una rentabilidad negativa del -3,70%. Para alcanzar el punto de equilibrio, se calculó que se necesitarían en promedio 2218 ovinos. Este estudio detalla los costos de criar ovinos criollos, ofreciendo información valiosa para la toma de decisiones en la gestión ganadera en regiones de altura como en el sur del Perú