Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Effects of age in fecal microbiota and correlations with blood parameters in genetic nucleus of cattle
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the impact of age on the fecal microbiota in the genetic nucleus of cattle, with a focus on microbial richness, composition, functional diversity, and correlations with blood parameters. Fecal and blood samples from 21 cattle were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Older cattle exhibited greater bacterial diversity and abundance, with significant changes in alpha diversity indices (p < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis revealed significant variations in microbial composition between age groups and the interaction of age and sex (p < 0.05). Correlations between alpha diversity, community composition, and hematological values highlighted the influence of microbiota on bovine health. Beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae, were more abundant in older cattle, suggesting a role in gut health. Functional diversity analysis indicated that younger cattle had significantly more abundant metabolic pathways in fermentation and anaerobic chemoheterotrophy. These findings suggest management strategies including tailored probiotic therapies, dietary adjustments, and targeted health monitoring to enhance livestock health and performance. Further research should include comprehensive metabolic analyses to better correlate microbiota changes with age-related variations, enhancing understanding of the complex interactions between microbiota, age, and reproductive status.CUI 2432072 Proyecto: “Mejoramiento de la disponibilidad de material genético de ganado bovino con alto valor a nivel nacional 7 departamentos
Evaluation of the Flood Area in the Presence of Climate Change: Ravine La Ronda Case, Ricardo Palma, Peru
No full textIn the district of Ricardo Palma, human settlements are located near streams, which are seriously affected during the heavy flooding season (rainy season), which increases due to the presence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the global effect of climate change. To get to know the flood zone 09 de Octubre - La Ronda, Ricardo Palma, software was applied to obtain the area of influence to study, and to know 10.5 software was applied to obtain the area of influence to study, and to know the rainfall record of the National Water Service. Meteorology and Hydrology of Perú(SENAMHI) for a continuous period of 27 years of maximum daily rainfall, with the HEC HMS 4.9 software the maximum design flows for different return periods were obtained, and the HEC RAS 6.2 software to obtain the flooding area. To find out the support of the authorities in the presence of the Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the global effect of climate change, a survey was carried out among the population, obtaining that 14.43% had the appropriate conditions to mitigate the impacts of the flooding due to intense rains, 22.93% received help in the presence of the El Niño phenomenon, and for 20.75%, there was a response from their authorities to the needs of the population in the presence of an emergency, and no changes that benefit the population were distinguished. The maximum design flows were calculated for a return period of 10 and 100 years, which vary between 31.7 m³/s and 61.2 m³/s, and that for a design flow of 61.2 m³/s, the flooding area of 0.25 km² was obtained
Intake and digestibility of four rations with different fiber levels in alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluated the effect of different dietary fiber levels on intake and apparent nutrient digestibility of nutrients in alpacas, and to estimate the digestibility of organic matter (OMD) from the content of crude protein (CP) in feces. The study was carried out with twelve alpacas (36.7 ± 6.4 kg BW), which were offered 4 treatments with different neutral detergent fiber content (NDF. T1: 40.3%; T2: 62.1%; T3: 67.8%; T4: 71.6%) under a switch back design. Dry matter intake (DMI) was higher for T1 (612 g/d) while T4 consumed less (470 g/d. p ≤ 0.05), when correcting DMI for body weight (BW) and metabolic weight (MW) was equal between treatments (p ≥ 005). NDF intake was similar between treatments when related to BW or MW (on average 1%BW and 23.2 g/kg BW0.75. p ≥ 0.05). Water intake (L/day) was higher in T1 compared to the other treatments, with values ranging from 1.8 L/day (T1) to 1.4 L/day (T4), respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein was higher in T1 than in the other treatments, with average values ranging from 65% for T1 to 48% for T4 (p ≤ 0.05). NDF digestibility was similar among treatments (p ≥ 0.05). The regression equation generated to predict OM digestibility (y) was as follows: y = 0.07635-(-0.33866*exp (-(-0.51457)*Fecal CP(g/kg OM)/100)). Further studies will indicate whether faecal nitrogen can be used to estimate digestibility and hence diet quality in South American camelids
The fermented liquid biofertilizer use derived from slaughterhouse waste improves maize crop yield
No full textLa aplicación exclusiva de fertilizantes sintéticos u orgánicos sigue generando polémica. La evidencia muestra que su aplicación conjunta puede mejorar la nutrición de los cultivos, evitar el uso excesivo de fertilizantes sintéticos y amortiguar su efecto contaminante en el suelo. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de dosis de fertilización orgánica y mineral sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del maíz amarillo duro Megahíbrido 619 INIA empleando un biofertilizante líquido derivado de la fermentación de residuos de camal. Metodología: Mediante un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial 4x2, se ensayaron cuatro dosis de fertilización química NPK y la aplicación del biofertilizante. La fertilización mineral se fraccionó en dos partes, mientras que las aplicaciones del biofertilizante fermentado de residuos de camal se realizaron vía drench durante el crecimiento vegetativo y entre las etapas de panojamiento y llenado de grano a una dosis de 50 L. ha-1 de producto. Resultados: El uso del biofertilizante líquido (K1) tuvo un impacto positivo en el crecimiento, con un efecto equiparable en la altura y área foliar de la planta al aplicar una dosis media de fertilización química (F2_K1). La dosis más baja de fertilización química en combinación con el biofertilizante (F1_K1) obtuvo un índice de cosecha estadísticamente superior (+14%) en comparación con el la fertilización completa (F3_K1). Implicaciones: Si bien las fertilizaciones más altas no produjeron rendimientos superiores, es posible que en otras condiciones y con otros híbridos de maíz sí se observen diferencias significativas. Conclusión: La aplicación del biofertilizante líquido junto con una dosis reducida de fertilización mineral permite obtener un mayor índice de cosecha y rendimientos comparables con el uso de una fertilización mineral completa en el maíz amarillo.This research was funded by the INIA project “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali” with grant number CUI N° 2487112
Forage yield and nutritive value of plantain and chicory for livestock feed at high altitudes in Peru
No full textBackground: Evaluation of forage resources is vital for the sustainability of livestock farming in the South American Andes, especially under conditions of low water availability for irrigation and acid soils. Methods: We evaluated the productivity and nutritive value of two cultivars of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and one of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) in three high‐altitude sites (AL) of the northern highlands of Peru: AL‐I: 2300–2800 m.a.s.l, AL‐II: 2801–3300 m.a.s.l. and AL‐III: 3301–3800 m.a.s.l., for 1 year. The parameters evaluated were dry matter yield (DMY), plant height (PH), growth rate (GR) and nutritional value. Results: Plantain achieved the greatest annual DMY (ADMY), PH and GR compared to the two chicory cultivars (9.34, 9.56 and 13.39 Mg ha−1 for Puna II and Sese 100 chicory and Tonic plantain, respectively; p = 0.0019). The greatest ADMY and GR occurred at AL‐I. Regarding nutritional value, differences were observed only for in vitro digestibility of dry matter and metabolisable energy with chicory cultivars higher than plantain. Conclusions: The results indicate that the three cultivars evaluated may be used as a nutritional supplement in cattle feed, associated with grasses because they have high nutritive value suitable for milk production in the mountain regions of Peru.Project CUI 2432072: ‘Mejoramiento de la disponibilidad de material genético de ganado bovino con alto valor a nivel nacional. 7 departamentos’ of the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation‐Peru
Reporte de artículos científicos publicados (2019 – 2023) en el Repositorio Institucional
No full textEntre los años 2019 y 2023 se publicaron 374 artículos científicos que tienen autores con afiliación INIA, de los cuales 316 presenta indización en al menos una base de datos (DOAJ, Scielo, Scopus y WoS) y 58 no presentan indización. El objetivo de este reporte es informar los datos sobre las publicaciones de artículos científicos que en encuentran registrados por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA
Analysis of soil quality through aerial biomass contribution of three forest species in relict high Andean forests of Peru
No full textThe biomass that accumulates on the forest floor and its subsequent decomposition play an important role in maintaining the productivity of different terrestrial ecosystems by constituting the main nutrient flow to the soil. The objective of the study focused on analyzing the nutrient contribution to the soil derived from the aboveground biomass of three native forest species in relict forests of the Central Peruvian Sierra with socioeconomic and environmental relevance. Using random delineation methods, soil samples were collected at 20-30 cm depth, which were subjected to physical, chemical, and biological analyses, developing the determination of a Soil Quality Index (SQI). The results highlight that forests of Polylepis racemosa and Alnus acuminata significantly exhibit a higher SQI, with values of 0.66 and 0.58, respectively, compared to Escallonia resinosa, with the forestless system being of lower quality with an SQI of 0.28. The relict forests, Dorado, Colpar, and Talhuis, presented the highest SQIs (0.53, 0.52, and 0.48), while Saño obtained the lowest SQI with 0.39, with no significant differences among them. The forests of Polylepis racemosa and Alnus acuminata showed a superior soil structure, higher organic matter content, moisture retention, and microbial biomass compared to other analyzed systems.Santa Ana Agricultural Experimental Station: Wildlife-PP 130-Product 3000696-Activity 5005182
Forest Resources and Wildlife: PP 130, 3000696, 500518
Spatio-temporal evaluation of metals and metalloids in the water of high Andean livestock micro-watersheds, Amazonas, Peru
No full textCattle ranching is a fundamental economic activity in northern Peru, where proper management of water resources is crucial. This study, a pioneer in the region, evaluated water quality and its suitability for human consumption, vegetable irrigation, and livestock production. It is also the first study to document the presence of metals and metalloids in vulnerable areas because they are located at the headwaters of river watersheds. The spatiotemporal evaluation of physicochemical parameters, metals, and metalloids was performed in five micro-watersheds (Cabildo, Timbambo, Pomacochas, Atuen, and Ventilla) from water samples collected in the dry season (October 2017) and wet season (March 2018). The parameters were analyzed using microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The results were contrasted with international and Peruvian quality standards related to dairy cow production. The highest values of pH, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity were reported during the dry season, and the highest turbidity during the wet season. Of the metals evaluated, arsenic (As) was omnipresent in all the micro-watersheds, followed by lead (Pb). In contrast to World Health Organization regulations, concentrations of As, cadmium (Cd), Pb, and iron represent a risk; according to Peruvian regulations, As and Pb exceed the concentrations established for use in animal drinking water and vegetable irrigation, and according to water guidelines for dairy cattle, concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, and Al exceed the permitted limits. The high concentrations of these metals in the study area are attributable to a synergy between natural factors, such as Andean geology and livestock activity. The data reported will allow for proper water resource management, pollution prevention, and the design and adoption of mitigation measures.PNIA provided funding for the execution of the project: “Determinación del impacto de la actividad ganadera y medidas de prevención y mitigación en las principales microcuencas de la región Amazonas", contract number N° 027-2016-INIA-PNIA
Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal the genetic diversity and population structure of Creole goats from northern Peru
No full textGoat farming constitutes a significant source of income for farmers in northern Peru. There is currently an absence of information about the genetics of Peruvian Creole goats that would enable us to understand their origins and genetic spread. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of Creole goats from northern Peru using SNP markers. This study involved the collection of 192 male Creole goats from three key goat production geographical departments in northern Peru. These goat samples were genotyped using the GGPGoat70k SNP panel. To explore the genetic influence of other breeds on Peruvian Creole goats, our dataset was combined with previously published SNP genotypes. External data set includes multiple breeds genotypes sampled from Argentina, Brazil, Spain, and Alpine breed from Italy, France, and Switzerland. After quality control 52,832 autosomal SNPs were used to assess genetic diversity in the Peruvian goats. For the population structure analysis of the merged data 20,513 common SNPs were used. Estimations for expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) were computed for the Peruvian groups. AMOVA, principal component analysis and ADMIXTURE were conducted to evaluate the population structure in the two data sets, Peru and merged. The results revealed a considerable genetic diversity, with Ho values ranging from 0.40 to 0.41 for the Peruvian sampling groups, and inbreeding coefficient was notably low for Peruvian goat. The population structure analysis demonstrated a distinction (p < 0.05) from other breeds. These findings suggest a level of genetic differentiation of the Peruvian goat population among other breeds, although further research is needed considering samples from other Peruvian areas. We expect this study will contribute to define genetic management strategies to prevent the loss of genetic diversity in Peruvian goat populations and for upcoming advancements in this field
Uso de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) como portainjerto para la propagación de especies de Passiflora supersect. Tacsonia colectadas en Perú
No full textLas especies de Passiflora supersect. Tacsonia (Juss.) Feuillet & J.M. MacDougal son plantas adaptadas a los ecosistemas andinos que producen frutos comestibles. Estos son cultivados y comercializados a pequeña escala para su consumo como fruta fresca y para la elaboración de postres y bebidas. Ante las fuertes perturbaciones antrópicas y ambientales que sufre el hábitat natural de las especies de Passiflora L., la extinción parcial o total de ellas es una realidad latente. Por ello, con el fin de conservar estos recursos en Bancos de Germoplasma, es necesario el desarrollo de métodos óptimos para la propagación de las distintas especies. Con la intención de conservar ex situ, en la Colección de Passiflora del Banco de Germoplasma del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) a las especies de Passiflora supersect. Tacsonia, se verificó la viabilidad del uso de Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa O. Deg. como portainjerto para la propagación asexual de seis taxa seleccionados. Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P. Jørg., P. cumbalensis (H. Karst.) Harms, P. pinnatistipula Cav., P. tarminiana Coppens & V.E. Barney, P. peduncularis Cav. y P. trifoliata Cav. var. trifoliata fueron injertados en P. edulis f. flavicarpa obteniendo un éxito de prendimiento y aclimatación óptima para todos los taxa seleccionados. Adicionalmente, todos los taxa con excepción de P. trifoliata var. trifoliata produjeron flores y frutos. Finalmente, este es el primer registro de propagación y cultivo exitoso para P. trifoliata y P. peduncularis, ambas especies endémicas de Perú, en un hábitat cercano al nivel del mar