Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Propuesta de planificación territorial bioenergética en LATAM; Parte 1/2: Modelo de Economía Circular, componente urbano usando biomasa domiciliaria
No full textThe research is divided into two articles, presenting a bioenergy territorial planning proposal for LATAM. The first part focuses on an urban circular economy (CE) model using household organic municipal waste based on source separation. The second part is related to a proposal for designing internal combustion engines for renewable and alternative gaseous fuels. This paper quantifies the bioenergy potential that could be generated for LATAM by using national population censuses-based on scientific formulation and AI-powered databases to estimate the amount of biofertilizers, biogas, and green hydrogen that can be obtained according to the proposed CE model. The sustainability of the CE model is analyzed through a thermo-economic assessment, social impact, and environmental impact, with carbon footprint measurement using a standardized calculator. Additional considerations, risk analysis, and challenges for the model's implementation are also presented to promote its widespread adoption
Influence of organic fertization on the fruit morphology and production of mango (Mangifera indica L.) Var. Kent
No full textEn el Perú, el mango variedad Kent, es la fruta de mayor exportación e interés socioeconómico para el país, producida tradicionalmente bajo una fertilización convencional; sin embargo, su productividad se ve afectada debido al incremento de los costos de producción principalmente de los fertilizantes. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de compost y biol en las variables productivas del cultivo de mango var. Kent. Metodología: Se evaluaron los tratamientos T0: testigo; T1: compost 5 t ha-1 ; T2: compost 15 t ha-1 ; T3: biol 5%; T4: biol 10%; T5: compost 5 t ha-1 + biol 5%; T6: compost 5 t ha-1 + biol 10%; T7: compost 15 t ha-1 + biol 5% y T8: compost 15 t ha-1 + biol10%. Las variables evaluadas fueron: diámetro polar del fruto (DPF-mm), diámetro ecuatorial del fruto (DEF-mm), diámetro diagonal del fruto (DDF-mm), tasa de crecimiento promedio por día (TCPD-mm día-1 ), número de frutos cosechados por panícula (NFCP), peso de fruto (PF-g), rendimiento por planta (RP-kg planta-1 ) y rendimiento por hectárea (RHA-t planta-1 ). Se realizó un ANOVA y un análisis de conglomerados. Resultados: El análisis de conglomerados formó cuatro grupos: G-I (T8, T2 y T7), G-II (T1, T5 Y T6), G-III (T4) y G-IV (T3 y T0). Implicaciones: La fertilización orgánica foliar y edáfica se presenta como alternativa a la fertilización convencional y amigable con el medio ambiente. Conclusión: El G-I con el mayor abonamiento orgánico presentó los mayores valores en las variables evaluadas. Además, T8 superó al testigo en un 132% para la variable RHA
Influencia de la región topográfica y la edad sobre características de la fibra de alpacas
No full textLa fibra de alpaca suri es altamente valorada por la industria textil, pero su calidad puede variar según factores como la edad del animal y la región del cuerpo, lo cual ha sido poco investigado. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la región topográfica y la edad en las características textiles de la fibra de alpaca suri. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el Centro Experimental Illpa de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Perú, utilizando un diseño completamente aleatorizado con medidas repetidas. Se evaluaron 37 alpacas hembra suri, a las que se les tomaron tres muestras de fibra de diferentes regiones del cuerpo: paleta, costillar medio y grupa. Las alpacas se clasificaron en cuatro categorías de edad basadas en su dentición: diente de leche, dos dientes, cuatro dientes y boca llena. Las variables de respuesta incluyeron el diámetro medio de fibra (DMF), la desviación estándar del DMF (DE), el coeficiente de variabilidad del DMF (CV), el factor de picazón (FP), la finura al hilado (FH) y la curvatura de la fibra (CF). El análisis de datos se realizó mediante un modelo mixto y las comparaciones de medias se realizaron con la prueba de Tukey-Kramer, nivel de significancia de p < 0.05. Los resultados revelaron que no hubo diferencias significativas entre las regiones del cuerpo para ninguna de las características evaluadas (p ≥ 0.05). Sin embargo, la edad de las alpacas mostró una influencia significativa (p < 0.05) en el DMF, FP y FH, con los valores más altos de DMF (25.23 ± 0.76 μm), FP (18.70 ± 2.55 %) y FH (27.08 ± 0.84 μm) en alpacas de mayor edad (boca llena). Las alpacas más jóvenes (diente de leche) presentaron los valores más bajos, con un DMF de 21.43 ± 0.64 μm, FP de 6.86 ± 2.12 % y FH de 23.25 ± 0.70 μm, lo que indica que el diámetro de la fibra, la picazón y la finura al hilado aumentan con la edad. Aunque la edad influyó en varias características, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el CV ni en el CF en relación con la edad o la región topográfica (p ≥ 0.05). En conclusión, la región del cuerpo no tiene un impacto importante en las características de la fibra, pero la edad de las alpacas sí influye significativamente, particularmente en el DMF, FP y FH, con mayores valores en alpacas de mayor edad
From rangelands to cropland, land-use change and its impact on soil organic carbon variables in a Peruvian Andean highlands: a machine learning modeling approach
No full textAndean highland soils contain significant quantities of soil organic carbon (SOC); however, more efforts still need to be made to understand the processes behind the accumulation and persistence of SOC and its fractions. This study modeled SOC variables—SOC, refractory SOC (RSOC), and the 13C isotope composition of SOC (d13CSOC)—using machine learning (ML) algorithms in the Central Andean Highlands of Peru, where grasslands and wetlands (‘‘bofedales’’) dominate the landscape surrounded by Junin National Reserve. A total of 198 soil samples (0.3 m depth) were collected to assess SOC variables. Four ML algorithms—random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB)—were used to model SOC variablesusing remote sensing data, land-use and landcover (LULC, nine categories), climate topography, and sampled physical–chemical soil variables. RF was the best algorithm for SOC and d13CSOC prediction, whereas ANN was the best to model RSOC. ‘‘Bofedales’’ showed 2–3 times greater SOC (11.2 ± 1.60%) and RSOC (1.10 ± 0.23%) and more depleted d13CSOC (- 27.0 ± 0.44 &) than other LULC, which reflects high C persistent, turnover rates, and plant productivity. This highlights the importance of ‘‘bofedales’’ as SOC reservoirs. LULC and vegetation indices close to the near-infrared bands were the most critical environmental predictors to model C variables SOC and d13CSOC. In contrast, climatic indices were more important environmental predictors for RSOC. This study’s outcomes suggest the potential of ML methods, with a particular emphasis on RF, for mapping SOC and its fractions in the Andean highlands
Effect of fertilization on the accumulation and health risk for heavy metals in native Andean potatoes in the highlands of Perú
No full textSoil infertility is a global problem, amendments such as organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers are used to improve crop yields. However, these fertilizers contain heavy metals as well as essential mineral elements. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the accumulation and health risk of heavy metals in tubers. The plants were cultivated at an altitude of 3970 m using four treatments (poultry manure, alpaca manure, island guano and inorganic fertilizer) and a control group. Soil contamination levels and the degree of metal accumulation in the tubers were also determined. As a result, it was found that the use of inorganic fertilizer and poultry manure increased the values of Cu and Zn in soils, exceeding the recommended standards. The accumulation of heavy metals in potato tubers did not exceed the maximum recommended limits with the exception of Pb, which exceeded the limit allowed by the FAO/WHO (0.1 mg kg−1). Poultry manure contributed to the highest accumulation of Zn, Cu and Pb in tubers with 11.62±1.30, 3.48±0.20 and 0.12 ±0.02 mg kg-1 respectively. The transfer of metals from the soil to the tubers was less than 1. Individual and total non-carcinogenic risk values were less than 1, indicating a safe level of consumption for children and adults. The cancer risk was found to be within an acceptable range. However, poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer treatments had the highest total cancer risk values in both age groups, suggesting a long-term carcinogenic risk
Dirigido al personal de la Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario (DDTA)
No full textEl evento consistió en (01) un taller denominado: “Desarrollo de capacidades en el uso de la Plataforma de Gestión del Conocimiento", organizado por la Dirección de Gestión de la Innovación Agraria (DGIA) del INIA, el cual tuvo como objetivo mejorar las competencias en gestión del conocimiento del personal de la Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario (DDTA) para desarrollar investigaciones mediante el uso de la Plataforma de Gestión del Conocimiento (PGC)
Reporte de Investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 31 de Julio 2024
Get PDFEn este reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT se observa que al finalizar el mes de julio se cuenta con un total de 89 investigadores, divididas en 74 afiliados y 15 no afiliados. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre los investigadores del INIA en el RENACYT
Study of the physicochemical characteristics, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro multiplication of wild blackberry species from the Peruvian highlands
Get PDFThe Peruvian Andes are the natural habitat of several wild blackberry species that are little known and exploited due to the lack of technological and scientific development to support their agricultural potential. In this context, a study was conducted to understand the physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activity, and in vitro multiplication of four wild blackberry (Rubus sp.) species from the northern Peruvian highlands. The results indicate that fruits of R. floribundus presented the highest content of total soluble solids (9.58 ± 1.83°Brix) and titratable acidity (1.88 ± 0.07% citric acid). The fruits of R. weberbaueri recorded the highest total phenolic content (415.06 ± 8.69 mg GAE/100 g Ff). The antioxidant capacity determined by the DPPH assay varied significantly among species, with the highest value found in fruits of R. andicola (50.27 ± 0.11 mg TE/100 g Ff). The fruit extracts of R. weberbaueri and R. andicola showed better antimicrobial activity, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most sensitive bacterium. In the in vitro multiplication phase, the results show that BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) has a significant effect at a dose of 1.5 mg l−1 on shoot number, leaf number, and shoot length. The results may help in the management of genetic resources
Morphological and phaneroptic traits of Creole goats reared in an extensive system in the dry forest of Tumbes, Peru
Get PDFThe authors thank the Creole goat producers from Tumbes, Peru who kindly provided samples of their goats for this work. We also thank José Dominguez, David Mena, Harold Ramirez, Reynaldo Becerra, and Alex Casariego for fieldwork assistance. We thank Flor-Anita Corredor for the table editing, thorough review, and insightful comments on this manuscript. To Erwin Urbina for statical assistance and Yunior Garcia for map editing. Finally, we acknowledge the National Institute of Agricultural Innovation (INIA) for its contributions within the framework of the Investment project "Improvement of research and technology transfer services for sustainable management of goat farming in dry forests, in the departments of Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, Amazonas, La Libertad, Áncash, Lima, Ica, and Ayacucho" - CUI 2506684.This study aimed to characterize the phaneroptic and morphometric traits of Creole goats in Northwestern Peru. A total of 100 goats were evaluated for 19 phaneroptic and 24 morphometric variables, along with 15 zoometric indices. Descriptive statistics and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to condense body index variables into uncorrelated components, potentially useful in selection programs. The feasibility of PCA was confirmed with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity. Phaneroptic results revealed that most goats exhibit plain coats (53%) with mottled and patch patterns (13% each), with 60% showing horns (45% arched and 15% spiraling) and drooping ears (60%). Beards were present in 34% and wattles in 27%. Female teats tended to be divergent (74%), with 33.77% showing supernumerary teats. Morphometric indices indicated predominantly brevilinear, dolichocephalic, and mesoprosopic traits, with a convex linear pelvis. These traits highlight their suitability for meat production, demonstrated by body strength, depth, and width, indicating high potential for producing carcasses of various compactness levels. These findings provide valuable data on the adaptability and morphological diversity of Creole goats, supporting future conservation and breeding efforts
Analyzing urban expansion and land use dynamics in Bagua Grande and Chachapoyas using cloud computing and predictive modeling
No full text02/12/2024:
Correction: Analyzing Urban Expansion and Land Use Dynamics in Bagua Grande and Chachapoyas Using Cloud Computing and Predictive Modeling
Correction to: Earth Systems and Environmenthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-024-00470-5
In this paper, author would like to replace the existing figures with the correct figures for Figure 3, Figure 6, and Figure 8. Further to this he would like to add e-mail id of the authors Sanju Purohit and Muhammad Aslam.
Cite: Barboza, E.; Turpo, E. Y.; Lopez, R. S.; Silva-López, J. O.; Cruz, J.; Vásquez, H. V.; ... & Tariq, A. (2024). Correction: Analyzing urban expansion and land use dynamics in Bagua Grande and Chachapoyas using cloud computing and predictive modeling. Earth Systems and Environment, 1-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-024-00523-9Urban growth and Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes have increased in recent decades due to anthropogenic activities. This study explored past and projected future LULC changes and urban growth patterns in the Bagua Grande and Chachapoyas districts using Landsat imagery, cloud computing, and predictive models for 1990 to 2031. The analysis of satellite images was grouped into four time periods (1990–2000, 2000–2011, 2011–2021 and 2021–2031). The Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-based system facilitated the classification of Landsat 5 ETM (1990, 2000, and 2011) and Landsat 8 OLI (2021) images using the Random Forest (RF) model. A simulation model integrating Cellular Automata (CA) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) in the MOLUSCE plugin of QGIS was used to forecast urban sprawl to 2031. The resulting maps showed an overall accuracy (OA) of over 92%. A decrease in forested area was observed, from 20,807.97 ha in 1990 to 14,629.44 ha in 2021 in Bagua Grande and from 7,796.08 ha to 3,598.19 ha in Chachapoyas. In contrast, urban areas experienced a significant increase, from 287.49 to 1,128.77 ha in Bagua Grande and from 185.65 to 924.50 ha in Chachapoyas between 1990 and 2021. By 2031, the urban area of Bagua Grande is expected to increase from 1,128.77 to 1,459.25 ha (29%) in a southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest direction. Chachapoyas expanded from 924.50 to 1138.05 ha (23%) in the southwest, north, northeast, and southeast directions. The study presents an analytical method integrating cloud processing, GIS, and change simulation modeling to evaluate urban growth spatio-temporal patterns and LULC changes. This approach effectively identified the main LULC changes and trends in the study area. In addition, potential urbanization areas are highlighted where there are still opportunities for developing planned and managed urban settlements