Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Morpho-Physiological response of four native accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris L. subjected to water stress under greenhouse conditions in northeastern Peru
No full textPhaseolus vulgaris L. is a legume of high nutraceutical value, widely cultivated and consumed. However, common bean production faces challenges such as water stress that severely affects its growth and yield. This study evaluated the morphological and physiological response of four native P. vulgaris accessions subjected to different irrigation treatments under greenhouse conditions. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement was used, evaluating three irrigation frequencies (100%, 50%, 25%) in combination with four accessions (PER1003541, PER1003542, PER1003543, PER1003544). The results showed that with the 25% irrigation treatment, PER1003544 showed a 54.62% decrease in leaf area, while PER1003542 and PER1003543 experienced reductions of 56.56% and 59.24%, respectively. In addition, accession PER1003544 reported a smaller reduction in the number of flowers and pods, with decreases of 40.21% and 29.9%, in contrast to PER1003543, which showed decreases of 60.66% and 52.63%, respectively. Accessions PER1003541 and PER1003544 also recorded the lowest reductions in dry biomass, with 31.85%and 35.41%, respectively. Regarding yield, PER1003544 and PER1003541 experienced reductions of 59.01% and 69.79%, respectively, unlike PER1003543, which showed a 90% decrease. In relation to stomatal density, PER1003541 recorded a reduction of 28.28%, while PER1003544 had a decrease of 37.10%, and PER1003543 experienced a reduction of 47.05%; chlorophyll content showed a similar trend. Finally, PER1003544 maintained a relatively stable stomatal index, with a reduction of 29.01%, compared to PER1003543, which reduced by 60.99%. In conclusion, accession PER1003544 stands out as a promising variety for breeding programs focused on water stress tolerance, contributing to food security and agricultural sustainability in areas affected by limited water availability. However, PER1003541 would be a suitable additional option, offering farmers flexibility in their crop selection according to the specific conditions of their environment.The authors are grateful for the technical and financial support of CUI project N° 2480490 “Mejoramiento de los Servicios de Investigación en la Caracterización de los Recursos Genéticos de la Agrobiodiversidad en 17 Departamentos del Perú (PROAGROBÍO)”, executed by the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) and to CUI Project N° 2590588 “Mejoramiento del Servicio de Promoción de la Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para el Centro de Investigación en Granos y Semillas de la UNTRM”—CEIGRAS. In addition, they thank the Vice Rectorate of Research of the National University Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza of Amazonas
Phaneroptic characterization and zoometric indices of Creole goats in the Ayacucho region, Peru: First step for breeding programs, selection, and conservation
No full textThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics and typification of Creole goats in five localities of the Ayacucho region in south-central Peru. Materials and Methods: Data from 149 goats (25 males and 124 females) were collected, excluding animals under 2 years of age, pregnant, and sick. Seven qualitative characteristics and 11 zometric measurements were evaluated, and then 9 zometric indices were estimated. Results: In the region, goats with composite colors predominated (76.50%). Additionally, supernumerary (24.20%) and divergent teats (22.60%) were observed in females, while males exhibited a scrotal bifurcation (32.00%). The origin of the flock had a significant effect (p 0.05). In the Ayacucho region, there is a predominance of light animals (57.72%) with a significant DTI (p < 0.05) among the populations, including goats with good balance and capable of walking long distances. Furthermore, there are compact animals (47.65%) with a significant BOI (p < 0.05) among the flock populations, which animals are of the biotype of meat. Conversely, the strongest positive correlation (r = 0.89) was discovered between chest girth and body weight. Conclusion: In the Ayacucho region, there are various creole goat biotypes range from light to very compact heavy goats, with a predominance of meat biotype animals, as well as a marked size dimorphism between localities of origin
Descriptores para papayita serrana
No full textLos autores ponen a disposición del público en general este material de consulta que ayudará a la caracterización agromorfológica de este cultivo, permitiendo la identificación de accesiones con características deseables que puedan ser utilizadas en futuros programas de fitomejoramiento
Low seed viability and germination in Polylepis flavipila hinder forest restoration: The role of seed mass and maternal effects
No full textSeed physiological quality is usually determined by the interaction between genetics and the mother tree’s environment, as well as by intrinsic characteristics, such as seed mass. In the Andean highlands, massive sapling production for forest restoration projects is constrained by seed availability and quality. There, species of the genus Polylepis dominate the remnant forests. The associations of seed viability with seed mass and maternal effects were evaluated in P. flavipila, a threatened tree species endemic to the Peruvian Andes. The characteristics and environments of 18 mother trees from two sites were measured, and seed quality was assessed in three tests. Seed mass was 3.49 ± 1.76 mg (range: 0.5–16 mg) and showed the greatest variability within mother trees, followed by variability among trees and among sites. Viability rates, standard germination and greenhouse germination (2.06 ± 1.35 %, 0.59 ± 0.89 % and 0.64 ± 1.11 %; respectively) were low at both sites. These results were attributed to the presence of seeds with non-viable or absent embryos. Seed viability increased with seed mass and mother tree height, and was positively associated with number of seedlings (r = 0.56). The deficient seed viability and germination found in P. flavipila are the lowest reported for the genus. The low seed physiological quality detected is a risk factor that exacerbates the species’ degree of threat, posing a challenge for sapling production. The reported associations of P. flavipila seed viability with seed mass and maternal char acteristics and environment may guide the selection of better seed quality and serve as a basis for future studies on the challenges and limitations of the reproductive biology of this speciesThis study was funded by CONCYTEC-Perú (Project 382–2019- FONDECYT). As well as by the Instituto Nacional de Innovacion´ Agraria INIA, who provided financial support through the project “Mejor amiento de los servicios de investigacion´ y transferencia tecnologica ´ en el manejo y recuperacion´ de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequena˜ y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Ancash, ´ San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”, CUI 2487112
The presence of tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRV) in tomatoes from the southern peruvian coast
No full textTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) (Solanaceae) is an important vegetable crop worldwide that contains significant amounts of vitamins A and C. It also possesses a powerful antioxidant, lycopene, which can help prevent the development of many forms of cancer. However, this vegetable is highly susceptible to a number of emerging viruses. Since the first report of ToBRFV in Jordan, this emerging virus has been detected in Germany, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Palestine, and the United States, but its incidence was not reported in Peru. We collected 56 samples of fresh leaves of tomato plants with viral symptoms and 13 without symptoms as control from two regions that comprise more than 50% of tomato production in Peru, Lima and Ica. Mosaic, mottling, plant stunting and brown rugose symptoms were observed in collected leaves that were preserved in liquid nitrogen until processing. We extracted RNA using a commercial Kit. For virus identification, we used the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique for the amplification of the capside protein (cp) gene. Specific primers were designed using the NCBI tool by collecting all available cp sequences from Peru Tomato mosaic virus (PToMV) and Tomato Brown Rough Fruit Virus (ToBRV). Results were observed on 1.5 % agarose gels using Gelred(Biotium®, Fremont, CA, USA) and by standard spectrophotometry. We observed the presence of ToBRFV in 24 samples, PToMV in 8 samples and 11 samples presented a mixed infection with ToBRV and PToMV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ToBRFV in Peru
Dirigido al personal de la Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología (DRGB)
No full textEl evento consistió en (01) un taller denominado: “Desarrollo de capacidades en el uso de la Plataforma de Gestión del Conocimiento", organizado por la Dirección de Gestión de la Innovación Agraria (DGIA) del INIA, el cual tuvo como objetivo mejorar las competencias en gestión del conocimiento del personal de la Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología (DRGB) para desarrollar investigaciones mediante el uso de la Plataforma de Gestión del Conocimiento (PGC).I. Introduccion; II. Marco Legal; III. Antecedentes; IV. Objetivos; V. Importancia; VI. Uso del Repositorio Institucional; VII. Uso de la PGC-INIA; VIII. Consejos en el Uso de la PGC-INI
Integrating remote sensing and in-situ data to determine climate diversity and variability in cocoa systems in the provinces of Jaén and San Ignacio, Cajamarca (NW Perú)
No full textLa falta de información sobre la distribución geográfica de los sistemas de cacao, junto con la diversidad de especies y la influencia de los factores climáticos en los rendimientos, representa desafíos para la gestión agronómica de estas plantaciones y la implementación de políticas agrícolas más efectivas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo mapear el área de cacao, la diversidad de especies y su respuesta a la variabilidad climática histórica en las provincias de Jaén y San Ignacio, Cajamarca, Perú. Se procesaron datos de PlanetScope y Sentinel-1 en Google Earth Engine utilizando el algoritmo de clasificación Random Forest. Se identificaron 4,338.6 ha de sistemas de monocultivo y agroforestería de cacao, logrando una precisión temática del 85% y un índice kappa de 0.81. Se determinó que Musa sp. predomina en altitudes bajas, mientras que Inga edulis mostró mayor dominio en altitudes más elevadas. La aplicación de datos climáticos y de rendimiento del cacao permitió calcular el índice de anomalía estandarizada, evidenciando el impacto notable de la precipitación en la producción de cacao, especialmente en 2021 y 2022. Este enfoque integrado proporciona una comprensión más profunda de los sistemas agroforestales de cacao, estableciendo una base sólida para la toma de decisiones destinadas a optimizar el rendimiento mediante prácticas agrícolas adaptadas a condiciones climáticas específicas y fomentando la biodiversidad mediante la incorporación de especies nativas.This research was funded by the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) through an Investment Project with CUI No. 2472675 entitled: “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia de tecnología agraria en la estación agraria experimental Baños del Inca en la localidad de Baños del Inca del distrito de Baños del Inca - provincia de Cajamarca - departamento de Cajamarc
Sustainability Potential of Kikuyu Grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) in Livestock Farming of Peru's Highland Regions
No full textThe productive sustainability of Pennisetum clandestinum in the Peruvian highlands was evaluated through productivity, growth and chemical composition. The effect of the nitrogen (N) rate, organic matter application, and cutting frequency on Kikuyu grass's yield, chemical composition, plant height, and growth rate was investigated. Experimentation followed a randomized block design with split plots. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) assessed differences across study factors. Applying 120 kg of N ha-1 yr-1 raised the protein yield to 3454.53 kg ha¯¹, with a crude protein (CP) content of 23.54%. Moreover, cypress (Cupressus lusitanica) trees influenced the Kikuyu biomass, producing 19,176.23 kg of dry matter (DM) ha-1 yr-1 at 8.5-11.5 m from the tree base. Organic matter enhanced Kikuyu aboveground biomass. While dry matter production showed no significant difference between 30- and 60-day cutting intervals, CP content was higher at 30 (p < 0.05). Peak daily dry matter (DM) production occurred at 45 days, achieving a biomass accumulation of 21,186.9 kg DM ha-1 yr-1. Given its high yield and favorable chemical composition, Kikuyu is a viable option for dairy cattle feed, especially in highland areas. Implementing a plant improvement program for Kikuyu could further enhance its nutritional value for high-production dairy cows.This research was funded by the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation of Peru through Project CUI 2432072: Enhancement of Genetic Material Availability for High-Value Cattle in Seven Departments of Peru. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Pecuarias authorities at the National University of Cajamarca, Peru, for providing the necessary facilities to conduct this research. We also appreciate Cristian Portal Mendo’s assistance with the laboratory analyses
Intake and digestibility of four rations with different fiber levels in alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
No full textThe aim of this study was to evaluated the impact of different fibre levels in alpaca diet on voluntary feed intake and apparent digestibility, and to estimate the digestibility of organic matter (OMD) from the content of crude protein (CP) in feces. The study was carried out with twelve alpacas (36.7 ± 6.4 kg body weight- BW), which were offered 4 treatments with different neutral detergent fiber content (NDF. T1: 40.3%; T2: 62%; T3: 68%; T4: 72%) under a switch back design. Absolute daily dry matter intake (DMI) was higher for T1 (678 g/d) than T4 (312 g/d) (p ≥ 005). NDF intake was similar between treatments when related to BW or MW (on average 1% BW and 22 g/kg MW. p ≥ 0.05). Water intake (L/kg DMI) was higher in T1 compared to the other treatments, with values ranging from 2.9 L/kg DMI(T1) to 2.8 L/kg DMI(T4), respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and CP was higher in T1 than in the other treatments, with average values ranging from 72% for T1 to 32% for T4 (p ≤ 0.05). NDF digestibility was similar among treatments (p ≥ 0.05). The regression equation generated to predict OMD (y) was as follows: y = 0.360 + 0.08294*fecal CP (g/kg OM). Further studies will indicate whether faecal nitrogen can be used to estimate digestibility and hence diet quality in South American camelids
Reporte de Investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 31 de Mayo 2024
No full textEn este reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT se observa que al finalizar el mes de mayo se cuenta con un total de 75 investigadores, divididas en 68 afiliados y 07 no afiliados. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre los investigadores del INIA en el RENACYT