Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
Not a member yet
2843 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of Saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. on Methane Production, Short Chain Fatty Acids and Digestibility in vitro Ruminal Fermentation
No full textThe objective of this study was to assess the effects of saponins derived from Chenopodium quinoa by-products on methane (CH4) production in a ruminal fermentation system under in vitro conditions. Additionally, the study included the analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and true dry matter digestibility (TDMD). The saponin extracts obtained from three quinoa varieties were Altiplano (AS), Quillahuaman (QS), and Salcedo (SS), and were tested at six different doses (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0mg/mL) each. Rumen fluid was obtained from two fistulated Junín breed sheep, with alfalfa hay (AH) and a 1:1 mixture of maize and bran (MB) was used as basal substrates. The data were processed in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. The CH4 per dry matter (mL/g DM), after 24h of incubation significantly decreased, acetate molar concentration decreased (p<0.05) with AS (3.6%) and QS (6.4%), propionate values increased (P<0.05) to 14.4% (AS), 15.7% (QS), and 15.5% (SS), the acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased (P<0.05) across all saponins treatments compared to the control and irrespective the substrates. The CH4 to TDMD ratio decreased (P<0.05) with all saponins. Methane inhibition (mL CH4/100mgTDMD) was higher by up 25.7% in the presence of AS, followed by QS at 18.7% and SS at 14.6%. The results indicate that saponins extracted from quinoa possess significant potential as feed additives for ruminants. Their application could contribute to the reduction of methane production, which would be advantageous for both livestock efficiency and environmental sustainability
Aqueous-Medium Arsenic(V) Removal Using Iron Oxide-Coated Ignimbrite
No full textArsenate As(V) is a toxic contaminant commonly found in aquifers and groundwater that poses significant risks to human health. The effective treatment of arseniccontaminated water is therefore crucial for safeguarding public health. This study investigates removing As(V) using iron oxide-coated ignimbrite in batch experiments by varying the adsorbent dosage, initial As(V) concentration, contact time, and system temperature. The adsorption experiments revealed that the Langmuir isotherm model better fit the data (R2 = 0.99) than the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.73). According to the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of As(V) on the iron oxide-coated ignimbrite was 4.84 mg·g −1 ± 0.12 mg·g −1 of As(V), with a standard deviation of ±0.05 mg·g −1 after 2 h of exposure with 0.15 g/50 mL iron oxide-coated ignimbrite adsorbent concentration. In the kinetic analysis, the pseudo-first-order model best described the adsorption process at 283 K, 293 K, and 303 K, although the pseudo-second-order model also showed an adequate fit, particularly at 293 K. This indicates that, while the pseudo-first-order model is generally more suitable under these conditions, the pseudo-second-order model may also apply under certain circumstances. The results of the batch experiments demonstrate that iron oxide-coated ignimbrite is a promising adsorbent for effectively reducing high concentrations of As(V) in contaminated wate
Guía de manejo de botón de oro para sistemas ganaderos sostenibles en trópico
No full textEl Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) pone a disposición la “Guía de manejo de botón de oro para sistemas ganaderos sostenibles en trópico”, que será de gran utilidad para los grandes y pequeños criadores de animales menores y mayores. En esta guía se encuentran datos relevantes referidos a la instalación y manejo del banco forrajero de botón de oro como alternativa tecnológica para el establecimiento de sistemas silvopastoriles intensivos en el trópico
A Comparison of Classification Algorithms for Predicting Distinctive Characteristics in Fine Aroma Cocoa Flowers Using WEKA Modeler
No full textAuthor contribution: All authors made an equal contribution to the development and planning of the study.
Conflict of Interest: The authors have no potential conflicts of interest, or such divergences linked with this research study.
Data Availability Statement: Data are available from the authors upon request.The expression of crop functional traits is influenced by environmental and management conditions, which in turn is reflected in genetic diversity. This study employed a data mining approach to determine the functional traits of flowers that influence cocoa diversity. A total of 1,140 flowers from 228 trees were utilized in this study, with 177 representing fine aroma cocoa trees and 51 trees belonging to other commercial cultivars. Three attribute evaluators (InfoGainAttributeEval, CorrelationAttributeEval and GainRatioAttributeEval), and six algorithms (Naive Bayes, Multinomial Logistic Regression, J48, Random Forest, LTM and Simple Logistic) were employed in this study. The findings indicated that the GainRatioAttributeEval attribute generator was the most efficacious in discerning the functional trait in cocoa diversity flowers. The algorithms Simple Logistic and LMT were the most accurate and specific, while Naive Bayes was the most efficient in terms of computational complexity for model building. This research provides a comprehensive overview of the use of machine learning to analyze functional traits of flowers that most influence cocoa genetic diversity. It also highlights the need to further improve these models by integrating additional techniques to increase their efficiency and extend the data mining approach to other agricultural sectors.Funding statement: The authors wish to acknowledge that no specific funding or support was provided for this study. Acknowledgements: We are deeply grateful to Joseph Campos, Walter M. Abarca, Jonathan Cruz, Yolmer L, Yeltsin A, Jani M, Beimer Ch., for his support in the collection of field samples.Contenidos del Trabajo Depositado:
Introducción
Revisión de la Literatura
Materiales y Métodos
Área de Estudio y Descripción del Sitio
Adquisición del Conjunto de Datos
Proceso de Minería de Datos
Selección de Atributos
Técnicas de Clasificación
Verificación del Rendimiento del Clasificador
Resultados
Selección de Características
Verificación del Rendimiento del Clasificador Usando WEKA Explorer
Verificación del Rendimiento del Clasificador Usando WEKA Experimenter
Discusión
Conclusión
Declaración de Financiamiento
Contribución de los Autores
Conflicto de Intereses
Declaración de Disponibilidad de Datos
Agradecimiento
Manual de manejo agronómico del achiote con fines de conservación
No full textEl Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) cuenta con 45 años en el cumplimiento de conservar e investigar los recursos genéticos de uso agrario del Perú, por lo que pone a disposición de productores, profesionales, investigadores y público en general el “Manual de manejo agronómico del achiote con fines de conservación”, que recoge la experiencia adquirida por los especialistas del INIA en el manejo de la Colección de Germoplasma del Achiote en la Estación Experimental Agraria El Porvenir, en el departamento de San Martín
Seroprevalence of reproductive and infectious diseases in cattle: the case of Madre de Dios in the Peruvian southeastern tropics
No full textOBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of reproductive and infectious diseases in tropical cattle in the Tambopata and Tahuamanu Provinces in the department of Madre de Dios, Peru. SAMPLE 156 bovines from 7 cattle farms were sampled. These farms used exclusive grazing for food and natural mating for reproduction and did not have sanitary or vaccination programs. METHODS The serum of blood samples was subjected to ELISA with commercial kits for the detection of antibodies against Neospora caninum, Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP), Leptospira interrogans, pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus-1, retrovirus bovine leukemia virus (BLV), orbivirus bluetongue virus (BTV), and herpesvirus bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV). The data were analyzed by means of association tests with χ2 (P < .05) and Spearman rank correlation (P < .05) in the SPSS v.15.0 software (IBM Corp). RESULTS A low prevalence of antibodies to L interrogans, N caninum, M avium subsp paratuberculosis, bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 was found, but it was high to BTV, BLV, and BHV (100%, 53.85%, and 72.44%, respectively). The presence of BLV and BHV was higher in the Las Piedras District, bovines less than 5 years old, and cattle with breed characteristics of zebu and crossbred (P < .01). In addition, there was a significant correlation between both infections, showing 83.3% of BLV positivity that were also BHV positive (P < .01). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The high prevalence of antibodies to BTV, BHV, and BLV could be due to livestock management practices, direct con tact with infected animals, and variation of the presence of vectors and natural reservoirs in the context of climate change in the tropics
Prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica y Calicophoron spp. en vacunos de crianza extensiva del distrito Florida (Amazonas), Perú
Get PDFEl presente estudio determina la prevalencia de los huevos de Fasciola hepatica, Calicophoron spp. y la infección mixta en vacunos de crianza al pastoreo de seis poblados ganaderos del distrito de Florida, Amazonas (Perú). Mediante la técnica de sedimentación natural se examinaron 358 muestras fecales. La prevalencia de F. hepatica fue 69.83 % (IC 95% 65.08 – 74.59), seguido de Calicophoron spp. 60.34 % (IC 95% 55.27 – 65.40) y una prevalencia de infección mixta 41.62 % (IC95% 36.51 – 46.73). La presencia de huevos de F. hepatica no tuvo diferencias entre los poblados, las razas y el grupo etario (P>0.05). La presencia de Calicophoron spp. y la infección mixta con F. hepatica presentaron diferencias entre poblados y la raza (P0.05). Se halló una alta prevalencia de huevos fecales de F. hepatica y Calicophoron spp., situación que podría estar dado por las condiciones ambientales que permiten el óptimo desarrollo del hospedador intermediario y del sistema de crianza al pastoreo de los vacunos
Morphometric evaluation of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) in Southern Peru
Get PDFThe aim of this study was the morphometric evaluation of guinea pigs in southern Peru. The study was carried out at the Agrarian Experimental Station Illpa (AESI) of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (NIAI) in Puno at 3824 meters above sea level. 120 guinea pigs were used (females n = 60 and males n = 60) with an average age of 22 days. The morphometric characteristics evaluated were: body weight (BW), chest circumference (CC), abdominal perimeter (AP), neck perimeter (NP), head length (HL) and head width (HW). To evaluate the effect of sex on morphometric characteristics, a completely randomized design was used. To determine the equation that best predicts body weight, stepwise regression was used, and correlations between morphometric characteristics were obtained using Pearson's correlation. The results show that the sex factor does not significantly influence BW, CC, AP, NP, HL, and HW (p≥0.05); likewise, the equation that best predicts the body weight of the guinea pigs was: BW = -530.50 + 21.98(CC) + 12.72(AP) + 10.16(NP) + 57.23(HW), with R2 = 84%. Pearson correlations between morphometric characteristics were of high magnitude, positive, and statistically significant (p<0.001). It is concluded that in conditions of the Peruvian highlands, the sex factor does not influence the morphometric characteristics. It is also possible to predict body weight from CC, AP, NP, and HW, and the correlations were high and positive
Manual práctico para la elaboración de Bocashi
No full textUn abono orgánico es el resultado de la descomposición natural de restos de plantas y animales con la ayuda de microorganismos (bacterias y hongos). Este proceso transforma los restos en nutrientes que enriquecen el suelo y favorecen el crecimiento de las plantas. Bocashi es un termino japonés que significa "abono fermentado" y consiste en convertir los desechos orgánicos en un fertilizante nutritivo mediante un proceso de descomposición con oxígeno.El Programa transiciones Agroecológicas para la Construcción de Sistemas Agrícolas y Alimentarios Resilientes e Incluyentes (TRANSITIONS) es financiado por la Unión Europea a través de su iniciativa DeSIRA y es administrado por el Fondo Internacional de Desarrollo Agrícola (FIDA). Esta publicación ha sido elaborada por el Proyecto PSii bajo el convenio de subvención de la Comisión Europea No. 2000003771. Agradecemos a todos los financiadores y socios que apoyan la presente investigació
Intermediate hosts with genetic resistance to Fasciola hepatica and preliminary evaluation of its use in the control of fasciolosis in cattle in the Cajamarca Area, Perú
No full textCon el objetivo de evaluar de manera preliminar poblaciones de morfotipos con patrones de marcadores fenotípicos de resistencia a infección artificial por miracidio para su utilización en el control de fasciolosis en ganado vacuno, se multiplicaron los hospedadores intermediarios con resistencia a formas infectivas de Fasciola hepatica en condiciones de laboratorio, se recogieron 850 caracoles de las acequias y zonas pantanosas de 8 rebaños ubicados en los distritos de La Encañada y Baños del Inca, Perú, ubicados a una altitud de 2.626 a 3.115 metros sobre el nivel del mar (msnm), del género Lymnaea viatrix, seleccionándose 400 caracoles con patrones de susceptibilidad / resistencia a infección artificial por miracidio (morfometría de la concha, conducta de ovoposición, patrón de pigmentación del manto). Se probaron dos métodos de crianza de multiplicación de morfotipos observándose que el método de crianza 1 obtuvo una menor mortalidad promedio de n=11 ± 2,44 en relación al método 2, en cuanto a la fecundidad fue mayor en el método 1 (n=8) en relación al método 2 (n=3); la viabilidad de las masas de huevos en el método 1 fue de 60 % y en el método 2 de 48,4 %. El tiempo de incubación de los huevos fue de 19 días a 18°C. La resistencia encontrada y observada de estos morfotipos evaluaron la resistencia preliminar frente a miracidio en condiciones de laboratorio, observándose que fue de 5 % en el género Lymnaea y se puede extrapolar a condiciones de campo, teniendo en cuenta las observaciones realizadas en cuanto a adaptabilidad, densidad poblacional, adaptabilidad y sobrevivencia durante la época de del año y la carga parasitaria se puede tener como control alternativo al control químico inadecuado causante del fenómeno de resistencia de F. hepatica