Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Physiological characterization and bioactive compounds of promising accessions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in the Peruvian Amazon
No full textCowpea production in the Peruvian Amazon is increasing due to its ability to adapt to diverse environments, its contribution to soil conservation, and its versatility of uses. This crop is particularly valuable in human nutrition due to its high nutritional quality and nutraceutical properties of its bioactive compounds. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physiology of cowpea plants in accessions PER1005854, PER1005851, and PER12645, under the influence of rice husk mulch, screw tree litter, and oil palm fiber, as well as to determine the bioactive compounds present in the grains. This study aims to promote sustainable cowpea production, expose the nutritional aspects of the grains, and foster their consumption both locally and nationally. The experiment was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023, in Yurimaguas, Loreto, Peru. The application of organic mulches demonstrates a significantly positive impact on the growth of cowpea accessions during their vegetative phase. This effect is possibly attributed to increased water availability, as the mulch reduces soil evaporation. In particular, cowpea accessions PER12645 and PER1005851 exhibit desirable physiological characteristics for grain production, with short cycles of 71 days and higher yields of 1141 and 1125 kg/ha respectively. In contrast, accession PER1005854 is distinguished by its higher biomass production, reaching a value of 14497 kg/ha, a relevant trait for foliage production and its contribution to soil conservation. The bioactive compounds, such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, present in the accessions PER1005854, PER1005851, and PER12645, are similar to those found in other legumes. However, the antioxidant activity of dark tegument cowpeas proved to be superior, particularly highlighted in accession PER12645 (black tegument) with 26.3 μmolTG/g, and in accession PER1005854 (dark red tegument) with 19.5 μmolTG/g. This characteristic is particularly important for consumption, as it is related to the ability to combat oxidative stress in the human body.PI con CUI N° 2480490 - ProAgrobio "Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación en la caracterización de los recursos genéticos de la Agrobiodiversidad en 17 departamentos del Perú - ProAgrobio"
Gastrointestinal parasites in free grazing goats from Ayacucho, Peru: prevalence and risk factors associated with infection in herds
No full textrecording the location, sex, and age of the animals. The fecal samples were analyzed using the flotation technique in salt and sugar solution, and modified McMaster egg counting techniques for eggs/oocysts (epg/opg) of gastrointestinal parasites. The associations between location, sex, and age with the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites were analyzed using the chi-square test. Fecal samples showed an overall parasite prevalence of 87.80%. The identified parasites were Eimeria spp. (86.22%), Strongyle type eggs (STE) (65.75%), Skrjabinema sp. (7.87%), Trichuris sp. (3.15%) and Moniezia spp. (3.15%). There was no significant association between the location and the presence of parasites (p0.05), except in prevalences of Trichurisspp. and Moniezia spp. (p<0.05). The epg/opg values revealed a higher parasite burden in goats from Colca compared to the other locations (p<0.05). There was also no statistical relationship between fecal egg/oocyst counts and sex or age, nevertheless, there were moderate and high parasitic burdens. The high prevalence of parasites such as nematodes and Eimeria spp. the need to implement strategic control and prevention programs in goats, where location and sex were found to be the most relevant risk factors for parasitosis in Ayacucho, Peru.This study was financially supported by the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), through the research project (CUI N°2506684)
Predictive characteristics of male fertility in alpacas with special reference to seminal NGF
No full textRecent studies document the LH-releasing pathway of nerve growth factor (NGF) in male camelids and that the LH response to seminal NGF is associated with elevated plasma testosterone concentration. Results provide rationale for the hypothesis that NGF in semen is associated with male fertility. In Experiment 1, the association between the amount of NGF in the ejaculate and characteristics of the male reproductive system was examined in alpacas. The concentration of NGF was measured by radioimmunoassay in semen samples collected from male alpacas (n = 47) and correlated with sperm morphology and motility, and measurements of the male reproductive anatomy. Most ejaculates had NGF concentrations that, based on previous studies, triggered ovulation in female camelids, however, we only found a positive correlation between NGF concentration with sperm concentration, thread formation and total NGF, and a negative correlation with pH. In Experiment 2, a retrospective analysis was carried out to determine if breeding performance during the previous season was related to recent concentrations of seminal NGF in male alpacas (n = 22). Birth rates tended to be correlated with sperm concentration and total amount of NGF in the ejaculate (P = 0.09). Experiment 3 was a prospective study to determine the relationship between seminal NGF (n = 8 male alpacas) and ovulation and pregnancy rates in a breeding trial. No association was detected between seminal NGF concentration and ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, or LH response in the female. We conclude that among the breeding males used in our study, the abundance of seminal NGF was correlated with sperm concentration and thread formation, however, it was not predictive of male fertility in alpacas. Examination of males not previously selected as breeding stock may be expected to include a broader range of seminal NGF and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between seminal NGF and male fertility
Optimizing landfill site selection using fuzzy-AHP and GIS for sustainable urban planning
No full textCareful landfill selection with minimal environmental impact is vital for urban planners. This study aims to identify suitable sites for controlled landfills using Fuzzy-AHP integrated with Remote Sensing and GIS, considering a 20-year projection of population and solid waste generation. Initially, twelve sub-criteria were identified, grouped into environmental, socio-economic, and physical categories, and then weighted using paired comparison matrices involving nine experts. The sub-criteria were rasterized and classified into four suitability levels. The weighted overlay of sub-criteria maps generated a territorial suitability model. Within the Alto Utcubamba Commonwealth (Amazonas, Peru), 0.069%, 41.70%, 66.934%, 0.20%, and 12.4% of the territory are suitable, moderately suitable, less suitable, unsuitable, and restricted, respectively, for landfill establishment. Subsequently, 16 highly suitable sites were selected based on the required area (S4 polygons ≥ 0.505 ha) in line with the projected solid waste generation over 20 years. Of the 16 selected areas, only 15 met the shape index. The model showed high accuracy (AUC = 0.784) during validation. Furthermore, this study provides a comprehensive framework for making decisions about waste management in developing countries, enhancing understanding of key factors in selecting landfill sites. It also offers a deeper insight into global and local factors that determine the suitability of landfill sites
Enteric methane emission factor for dairy farming in Peru
No full textThe objective of this study was to determine the enteric methane (CH4) emission factor (EF) at the national level for Peruvian dairy cattle following the IPCC Tier II (2006, 2019) methodology. Data were collected from seven regions of Peru and classified according to the type of feeding as intensive, semi-intensive or extensive. It included farm information (geolocation) and livestock information for two seasons of the year. At the national level, lactating cows obtained the highest EF with 117 kg CH4/head/year, followed by heifers from 15 to 24 months of age (91 kg), non-lactating cows (74 kg), heifers from 12 to 15 months of age (67 kg), calves (62 kg) and pre-weaned calves (16 kg). Additionally, the highest EF was reported for lactating cows in the intensive system (151.8 kg CH4/head), which is 46.8 kg CH4/head more per year than that reported in the semi-intensive and extensive systems in the same animal category. The combined uncertainty in all animal categories was low to very low (between 9.4 and 18.72%), except for that of lactating cows, which was low to medium (22.24 and 26.72%). These results allowed us to find the EF that exerts the most pressure according to the level of intensity in Peruvian dairy farming
Términos de abejas en lenguas originarias de la familia Arawak; LXV Convención Nacional de Entomología
No full textLa etnoentomología se refiere al conocimiento entomológico en las diversas culturas, lo que requiere identificar los nombres de los insectos en la propia lengua originarias, lo cual facilita y enriquece las investigaciones de diversidad biológica, las percepciones del manejo de bosques y aplicaciones en el campo de la agricultura. Las investigaciones orientadas a generar adopciones e innovaciones requieren de un diagnóstico integral que relaciona los diversos aspectos del entorno del productor, entre ellos la conservación de abejas nativas o el manejo de las mismas. Incrementar el conocimiento en relación a la diversidad de las abejas nativas requiere por lo tanto identificar como se denominan a las abejas y otras palabras asociadas a su comportamiento. La familia lingüística arawak está compuesta por 11 lenguas y es la que cuenta con el mayor número de hablantes en el ámbito amazónico en Perú. Se ha identificado en la literatura términos para la mayoría de estas lenguas. El término empleado para abeja es: neronto o amotoro en ashaninka, airi o amotoro en asheninka, kasenuisi en chamikuro, mái en iñapari, arambaso en kakinte, pitsi en matsigenka, airi o comantana en nomatsigenka, naápi en resígaro, pets en yanesha y wrolo en yine. Adicionalmente, estas lenguas cuentan con términos específicos para algunas abejas lo que se puede relacionar con algunas especies o con su comportamiento; también se han identificado términos con productos asociados a la actividad de las abejas, como miel, cera, panal, entre otros
Carbon reserves in coffee agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon
No full textAll claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.Secondary forests and coffee cultivation systems with shade trees might have great potential for carbon sequestration as a means of climate change adaptation and mitigation. This study aimed to measure carbon stocks in coffee plantations under different managements and secondary forest systems in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest (San Martín Region)
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics for protein profiling and classification of boiled and extruded quinoa from conventional and organic crops
No full textQuinoa is an Andean crop that stands out as a high-quality protein-rich and gluten-free food. However, its increasing popularity exposes quinoa products to the potential risk of adulteration with cheaper cereals. Consequently, there is a need for novel methodologies to accurately characterize the composition of quinoa, which is influenced not only by the variety type but also by the farming and processing conditions. In this study, we present a rapid and straightforward method based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to generate global fingerprints of quinoa proteins from white quinoa varieties, which were cultivated under conventional and organic farming and processed through boiling and extrusion. The mass spectra of the different protein extracts were processed using the MALDIquant software (version 1.19.3), detecting 49 proteins (with 31 tentatively identified). Intensity values from these proteins were then considered protein fingerprints for multivariate data analysis. Our results revealed reliable partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification models for distinguishing between farming and processing conditions, and the detected proteins that were critical for differentiation. They confirm the effectiveness of tracing the agricultural origins and technological treatments of quinoa grains through protein fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF-MS and chemometrics. This untargeted approach offers promising applications in food control and the food-processing industry.This study was supported by grant PID2021-127137OB-I00, unded byMCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. The Bioanalysis group of the university of Barcelona is part of the INSA-UB Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (Grant CEX2021-001234-M) funded by MCIN/AEI/FEDER, UE
Use of a microbial nexus system in high andean areas: effectiveness and feasibility for wastewater treatment
No full textHigh altitudes harbor several microbial species with unique properties, mainly because of their climatic and geographic characteristics that limit their adaptation. At present, several environmental problems are endangering the health of our planet, among which the pollution of aquatic ecosystems is one of the most important. Wastewater from various industries is treated before being released into the environment, but the strategies used are insufficiently effective, causing environmental problems. New methodologies have been proposed that are based on the implementation of microbial niches that are associated with wastewater treatment systems. Searching for microorganisms in native environments is an important step in establishing new microbial niches related to wastewater treatment. This is mainly because these indigenous microorganisms possess very versatile characteristics, which can be exploited to improve the efficiency of treating wastewater. A specific microbial community is used to degrade pollutants at each stage of biological wastewater treatment. To ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the treatment process, the coupling of microbial niches in wastewater treatment is essential. In addition, this technique is more economical and environmentally friendly than other alternatives. This makes it an attractive option for wastewater treatment. Thus, this chapter attempts to address the main advantages of using microbial niches inhabiting the high Andean areas and their integration in wastewater treatment. In addition, new strategies will be proposed to study and recover these native microbes with high genetic value for application in different pollutant treatment systems
Vías de administración de medicamentos en caprinos
No full textDocumento "Vías de administración de medicamentos en caprinos" elaborado por la Dirección de Supervisión y Monitoreo de las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias en el marco del PI Procap (CUI N° 2506684): “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia de tecnologías para el manejo sostenible de la ganadería caprina en bosque seco y costa central en los departamentos de Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, Amazonas, La Libertad, Áncash y Lima”.“Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia de tecnologías para el manejo sostenible de la ganadería caprina en bosque seco y costa central en los departamentos de Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, Amazonas, La Libertad, Áncash y Lima” (PI Procap) identificado con Código Único de Inversiones N°2506684