Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Phenotypic diversity of morphological traits of pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) and its agronomic potential in the Amazonas region, Peru
No full textPitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) is an economically significant cactus fruit in Peru, renowned for its rich nutritional profile and antioxidant properties while exhibiting wide biological diversity. This study aimed to morphologically characterize seven pitahaya accessions using qualitative and quantitative descriptors related to the cladodes, flowers, and fruits. Univariate and multivariate (FAMD, PCA, MCA, and clustering) analyses were employed to identify and classify the accessions based on their morphological traits. The analyses revealed three distinct groups: one consisting solely of AC.07; another with AC.02, AC.04, and AC.06; and a third including AC.01, AC.03, and AC.05. The first group exhibited superior characteristics, particularly in fruit traits such as the stigma lobe count (23.3), number of bracts (26.5 mm), and length of apical bracts (15.75 mm). The second group recorded the highest spine count (3.21), bract length (16.95 mm), and awn thickness (5.12 mm). The third group had the highest bract count (37) and an average locule number (23.65). These findings highlight the significant morphological diversity among the accessions, indicating the potential for classification and selection in pitahaya cultivation. The potential of AC.07 stands out in terms of its agronomic qualities, such as its fruit weight (451.93 g) and pulp weight (292.5 g), surpassing the other accessions.This research was funded by the project (Proyecto de Invercion) “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica agraria en cultivos frutícolas en los 24 departamentos del Perú” of the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation (MIDAGRI) of the Peruvian Government with grant number CUI 2532404
Reporte de Investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 30 de noviembre 2024
No full textEn este reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT se observa que al finalizar el mes de noviembre se cuenta con un total de 100 investigadores, divididas en 87 afiliados y 13 no afiliados. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre los investigadores del INIA en el RENACYT
Biostimulant and imbibition times on passion fruit (Passiflora edulis S., Passifloraceae) seed germination
No full textEl maracuyá (Passiflora edulis S.) es un fruto tropical de interés socio-económico en Perú, usado como ingrediente en la industria alimentaria, estética y medicina. No obstante, este cultivo presenta un bajo poder germinativo, por lo cual es necesario realizar tratamientos pre germinativos, para incrementar el porcentaje de germinación y el desarrollo inicial de las plántulas. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de diferentes bioestimulantes a 12 h y 24 h de hidratación sobre la germinación de semillas de maracuyá. Metodología: se recolectaron semillas de maracuyá de frutos grandes y redondos, libre de patógenos. Las semillas sin arilo fueron tratadas: T0 (agua destilada), T1 (azufre 25 g/10 L), T2 (azufre 50 g/10 L), T3 (biol 3%), T4 (biol 5%), T5 (canela 25%), T6 (canela 50%), T7 (suero de leche 25%) y T8 (suero de leche 50%) durante 12 h y 24 h de imbibición. Las variables evaluadas fueron: agua absorbida, tasa de imbibición (TI), porcentaje de germinación (PG), velocidad de germinación (VG), índice de germinación (IG) y primer día de germinación (PDG). Resultados: la mayor absorción de agua se da en las 9 primeras horas. Los Tratamientos T4, T5 y T6 mejoraron significativamente el PG, VG, IG, PDG a 12 h de imbibición. Sin embargo, a 24 h de imbibición estos valores disminuyen. El PG presentó una alta correlación positiva con VG e IG. Asimismo, la VG presentó una correlación altamente negativa con PDG. Implicaciones: El uso de bioestimulantes incrementa la germinación. Conclusiones: El extracto de canela a 25% y 50%, y biol 5% a 12 h de imbibición mejoran significativamente las variables evaluadas comparadas con la imbibición a 24 h. La correlación positiva entre las variables indica una relación directa entre estas
MIDAGRI-INIA
No full textEl enfoque principal del “Manual de aplicación de enmiendas para suelos salinos y sódicos” es brindar conocimiento detallado y paso a paso sobre cómo seleccionar, aplicar y monitorear enmiendas adecuadas para corregir los problemas de salinidad y sodicidad en los suelos, donde se abordan y recomiendan enmiendas orgánicas y químicas; asimismo, se proporciona ejemplos específicos de casos exitosos de su uso. Esto contribuirá al desarrollo de prácticas agrícolas más sostenibles y productivas en entornos afectados por la degradación química como es la salinidad y sodicidad.1. Introducción; 2. Principios Fundamentales; 3. Diagnóstico y Evaluación de suelos salinos y sódicos; 4. Manejo de suelos salinos y sódicos; 5. Técnicas de aplicación; 6. Estudios de caso; 7. Conclusiones; 8. Referencias Bibliográfica
Mango varietal discrimination using hyperspectral imaging and machine learning
No full textMango is a highly diverse tropical fruit with numerous varieties that differ in flavor, texture, and chemical composition. Consequently, identifying fraudulent substitutions of mango varieties poses a significant challenge using traditional techniques. Therefore, there is an increasing need for new methods to discriminate between mango varieties. Hyperspectral imaging coupled with machine learning techniques presents a promising approach for varietal discrimination. In this study, mango samples of eleven varieties were collected from a germplasm bank, with four slices obtained from each sample. Hyperspectral images were acquired in the Vis–NIR and NIR ranges for each slice, and spectral profiles were extracted and pretreated. Three discrimination models, linear discriminant analysis, K-nearest neighbor, and artificial neural networks, were implemented and validated using relevant wavelengths selected through a covering array feature selection algorithm. The performance of these models was evaluated using precision, accuracy, and F-score metrics. The average spectral profiles of the studied varieties exhibited a similar behavior with slight differences, which could be used for classification within the evaluated ranges. The optimal number of variables selected to refine the models was 17 for the UV–Vis–NIR range and 21 for the NIR range, with an accuracy ranging between 0.752 and 0.972. This study concludes that hyperspectral imaging combined with machine learning techniques can effectively discriminate between different varieties of mango
An evaluation of dryland ulluco cultivation yields in the face of climate change scenarios in the Central Andes of Peru by using the Aquacrop model
No full textUllucus tuberosus is an Andean region crop adapted to high-altitude environments and dryland cultivation. It is an essential resource that guarantees food security due to its carbohydrate, protein, and low-fat content. However, current change patterns in precipitation and temperatures warn of complex scenarios where climate change will affect this crop. Therefore, predicting these effects through simulation is a valuable tool for evaluating this crop’s sustainability. This study aims to evaluate ulluco’s crop yield under dryland conditions at 3914 m.a.s.l. considering climate change scenarios from 2024 to 2100 by using the AquaCrop model. Simulations were carried out using current meteorological data, crop agronomic information, and simulations for SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 of CMIP 6. The results indicate that minimum temperature increases and seasonal precipitation exacerbation will significantly influence yields. Increases in rainfall and environmental CO2 concentrations show an opportunity window for yield increment in the early stages. However, a negative trend is observed for 2050–2100, mainly due to crop temperature stress. These findings highlight the importance of developing more resistant ulluco varieties to heat stress conditions, adapting water management practices, continuing modeling climate change effects on crops, and investing in research on smallholder agriculture to reach Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, and 13CUI 2487112: “Research and technology transfer services improvement in the management and recovery of degraded agricultural soils and irrigation water for small and medium-scale agriculture in the departments of Lima, Ancash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno, and Ucayali"
Osmotic adjustment and yield of two varieties of avocado (Persea americana), Hass and Fuerte, with drip irrigation system, in Andean area of Peru
No full textEl cultivo de palta (Persea americana) no solo es esencial desde el punto de vista económico, sino que también desempeña un papel crucial en la alimentación, la salud y el bienestar de las poblaciones en todo el mundo. El estudio se realizó en Ayacucho-Perú (latitud: 12° 53’ 57’’ S, longitud: 74° 16’ 55’’ O y altitud: 2596 msnm), con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la utilización del sistema de riego tecnificado por goteo en la producción y rendimiento de dos variedades de palta, Hass y Fuerte. El estudio estuvo basado en el uso de un sistema de riego con programación por tratamiento con plantas de palta instaladas en parcelas de 500 m² en 6 sectores, con una densidad de 5 x 5 m, cuya edad estuvo entre 5 a 16 años, de las cuales se consideró 12 plantas (6 plantas con riego por goteo y 6 plantas como testigo con riego por gravedad). Los riegos se efectuaron justo en la etapa de floración y producción garantizando el suministro de agua adecuado en periodos de déficit hídrico, entre febrero a junio de 2022. La cosecha realizada reporto rendimientos 67,96 ± 8,8 t/ha bajo riego tecnificado y de 26,42 ± 4,93 t/ha en riego por gravedad, siendo un incremento del 157% con respecto a este último. En cuanto a las variedades, la palta Fuerte tuvo el mayor rendimiento 49,38 ± 23,06 t/ha con respecto a la variedad Hass (45,0 ± 21,14 t/ha), el rendimiento máximo se dio con riego por goteo para a variedad Fuerte (71,09 ± 8,38 t/ha), esto es explicado por el gasto de energía en el potencial de ajuste osmótico la cual disminuye drásticamente el potencial de rendimiento con riego tradicional por gravedad, obteniendo un rendimiento mínimo en Hass de 25,18 ± 4,44 t/ha
Reporte de Investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 30 de setiembre 2024
No full textEn este reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT se observa que al finalizar el mes de setiembre se cuenta con un total de 85 investigadores, divididas en 72 afiliados y 13 no afiliados. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre los investigadores del INIA en el RENACYT
Environmental, economic and social perceptions of community members on the role of water, soil and natural grasslands as a basis for local development in Acopalca, Peru
No full textThe concept of ecosystem services has gained popularity among academics, researchers and policymakers to support environmental management and biodiversity conservation, so that many development projects in rural areas have merited investment for restoration and improvement of grassland ecosystems accompanied by training programs for the beneficiaries, With this criterion in mind, the study investigated the perception of puna pastoralists in Acopalca, Peru, regarding the degree of knowledge about the significance of the ecosystem services provided by soil-water-grasslands, with the objective of characterizing the environmental, social and economic dimensions of this local perception, through the application of a survey to the representative of the livestock family affiliated to two producers' associations. It was evidenced that cattle-raising families have a limited understanding of the role of the natural resources they directly access and little clarity on the relationship between natural pastures, family income and access to basic services. The results revealed limitations in environmental perception, evidencing a lack of knowledge about the multifaceted contribution of pastures. Social perception showed neutrality in the relationship between pastures and family income, and a discrepancy in access to basic services. The comparison between associations highlighted significant differences, indicating the need for training strategies adapted to the local idiosyncrasies of the beneficiaries. In conclusion, addressing the deficiencies identified in community understanding was essential to strengthening sustainable natural resource management in Acopalca. It highlights the importance of designing specific training programs, considering the particularities of each group, to promote self-management and community participation and thus achieve more comprehensive and sustainable local development
Characterization of dairy goat production systems in coastal valleys of the Lima region
No full textGoat farming in Peru is a husbandry activity that, although it is considered secondary in the country, has a great economic and social impact on the rural population, that is why government efforts to develop is so important. The objective of this study was to characterize dairy goat rearing systems in the coastal valleys of the Lima region to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement. This cross-sectional research was conducted in four provinces located in the Lima region, Peru. A total of 62 goat farmers participated in the trial. For data collection, a standard survey was prepared with open and closed questions distributed across two components (socioeconomic and productive). The surveys were processed for qualitative variables using a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) followed by a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to differentiate the types of farming systems prevalent based on the survey population. The hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in the formation of three separate groups of goat farmers, which can be classified as extensive systems differentiated by management practices and their production and marketing objectives. The test showed a significant difference; therefore, it can be affirmed that they are associated with the groups or clusters formed. These results will allow actors related to goat farming, such as state and regional entities, to focus efforts on addressing specific demands of the different types of goat farmers found in this study.The authors would like to thank the Goat Investment Project with CUI Nro. 2506684 of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation, for the funding to carry out this research