Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Effect of co-inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular Mycorrhizae on growth of Persea americana seedlings infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi
No full textAvocado is one of the most in-demand fruits worldwide and the trend towards its sustainable production, regulated by international standards, is increasing. One of the most economically important diseases is root rot, caused by Phythopthora cinnamomi. Regarding this problem, antagonistic microorganism use is an interesting alternative due to their phytopathogen control efficiency. Therefore, the interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota, native to the Peruvian coast (GWI) and jungle (GFI), and avocado rhizospheric bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida, was evaluated in terms of their biocontrol capacity against P. cinnamomi in the “Zutano” variety of avocado plants. The results showed that the GWI and Bacillus subtilis combination increased the root exploration surface by 466.36%. P. putida increased aerial biomass by 360.44% and B. subtilis increased root biomass by 433.85%. Likewise, P. putida rhizobacteria showed the highest nitrogen (24.60 mg ∙ g−1 DM) and sulfur (2.60 mg ∙ g−1 DM) concentrations at a foliar level. The combination of GWI and Bacillus subtilis was the treatment that presented the highest calcium (16.00 mg ∙ g−1 DM) and magnesium (8.80 mg ∙ g−1 DM) concentrations. The microorganisms’ multifunctionality reduced disease severity by 85 to 90% due to the interaction between mycorrhizae and rhizobacteria. In conclusion, the use of growth promoting microorganisms that are antagonistic to P. cinnamomi represents a potential strategy for sustainable management of avocado cultivation
Estimation of forage biomass in oat (Avena sativa) using agronomic variables through UAV multispectral imaging
No full textAccurate and timely estimation of oat biomass is crucial for the development of sustainable and efficient agricultural practices. This research focused on estimating and predicting forage oat biomass using UAV and agronomic variables. A Matrice 300 equipped with a multispectral camera was used for 14 flights, capturing 21 spectral indices per flight. Concurrently, agronomic data were collected at six stages synchronized with UAV flights. Data analysis involved correlations and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify significant variables. Predictive models for forage biomass were developed using various machine learning techniques: linear regression, Random Forests (RFs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and Neural Networks (NNs). The Random Forest model showed the best performance, with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.52 on the test set, followed by Support Vector Machines with an R2 of 0.50. Differences in root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) among the models highlighted variations in prediction accuracy. This study underscores the effectiveness of photogrammetry, UAV, and machine learning in estimating forage biomass, demonstrating that the proposed approach can provide relatively accurate estimations for this purpose.This research was funded by the project “Creación del servicio de agricultura de precision en los Departamentos de Lambayeque, Huancavelica, Ucayali y San Martín 4 Departamentos” of the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation (MIDAGRI) of the Peruvian Government with grant number CUI 2449640
Produção de queijo fresco usando papaína liofilizada como coagulante vegetal
No full textThe study examined the efficacy of freeze-dried papain enzyme obtained from three Vasconcellea species (V. pubescens, V. chachapoyensis, V. heilbornii) as a natural coagulant in cheese making. Notably, the enzyme V. pubescens demonstrated the most promising results when concentrations of 2 g/L, 4 g/L, and 6 g/L were used to produce fresh cheese, while other enzyme species exhibited lower efficacy. The optimal yield of fresh cheese with minimal residual enzyme was achieved when a 2 g/L dose of papain enzyme was employed at a coagulation temperature of 30 °C, resulting in physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics comparable to those produced with commercial Hansen's rennet. Nevertheless, an increase in the coagulation temperature (42 °C) and a higher dose of papain enzyme (4 g/L) resulted in a reduction in the yield of fresh cheese and; consequently, the residual enzyme increased. Further studies are required to determine the purity of freeze-dried papain and the most effective dosage to increase profitability for producers and consumers. Such findings could facilitate the ecological application of this alternative in producing of fresh cheese
Estimates of Soil Organic Carbon in the Ojos de Agua and El Quinillal Forests in the Central Huallaga of Peru.
No full textThe Peruvian Amazon has experienced large losses of forest cover due to changes in land use, contributing to increases in CO2 in the atmosphere. This study estimated the organic carbon content of forest soil in two forests "Ojos de Agua" and "El Quinillal" in the Central Huallaga of Peru, establishing three types of cover: (i) primary, (ii) intervened, and (iii) deforested. For this purpose, 24 plots of 100 m² were established and samples were extracted at a depth of 0-20 cm. The effect of the type of forest cover on soil carbon (Organic Carbon-SOC, Inorganic Carbon-SIC, Saturated Carbon-SC, Critical Carbon-CC, Saturated Carbon Deficit-SCD, and Organic Carbon-OC) was analyzed by means of an Analysis of Variance, correlation. Likewise, the relationship between carbon (C) and soil properties was evaluated by principal component analysis and correlation network. The results indicated that the highest SOC averages were found in the primary forests of Ojos de Agua and El Quinillal with 3.54% and 2.51%. The lowest values were found in the deforested forests with 1.34% and 1.46%. The calculation of the saturated C levels of the soil showed an average of 28.63% ± 2.14% and the saturated carbon deficit of 26.63% ± 2.45%, whereas the critical threshold of C showed an average of 2.21% ± 0.18%. The highest SOC content found in the Ojos de Agua primary forest is due to the presence of dominant forest species such as Manilkara bidentata and Brosimum alicastrum. Likewise, the C deficit in the soils of the study area is very alarming because it is very close to saturation levels, especially in deforested forests.This research received no external funding and was fully supported through self-financing by the authors. The authors thank the members of the Association Bosques del Futuro Ojos de Agua from the town of Pucacaca, province of Picota, San Martin region
The complete chloroplast genome of a centennial olive tree (Olea europaea, Oleaceae) from the southern Peruvian coast
No full textThe article is a preprint, it is important to consider that it is not peer-reviewedOlive (Olea europaea Linaeus 1753) is one of the valuable fruit trees and very important edible oil plant in the world. The chloroplast (cp) genome of an olive tree (Olea europaea) from the southern Peruvian arid coast was obtained for the first time. Genomic DNA of high quality was used to generate librarieswith Illumina Hiseq paired-end methods. The cp genome is 155,886 pb in length and contains a large single-copy region (LSC) of 86,610 pb and a small single copy region (SSC) of 17,790 pb separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,741bp). The cp genome of olive contains 124 genes that consists of 80 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA, eight rRNA. Phylogenetic analysis showed this olive tree is sister to O. europaea subsp. maroccana ( Oleeae tribe). This study presents the first overview of the chloroplast genome organization and phylogenetics of O. europaea, offering valuable insights for genetic and evolutionary research in the genus Olea.This research was funded by "Universidad Nacional de Moquegua". C.L.S. and C.I.A. were funded by "Programa Presupuestal No. 068" of the Peruvian Government. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
Resposta morfológica de plântulas de milho nativo (Zea mays L.) a ambientes contrastantes de nitrogênio
No full textNitrogen plays a vital role in plant metabolism, influencing growth and development, particularly in crops like maize (Zea mays L.). This study aimed to evaluate the morphological response of maize seedlings to different nitrogen levels. The design was a completely randomized factorial arrangement of 4 x 2, involving four maize cultivars and two nitrogen levels. The variety Sb 302 Berentsen and three native varieties originating from Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico were studied. For a period of 14, 21, 28 and 35 days, seedlings were grown in nutrient solution with 10% and 100% nitrogen levels under hydroponic conditions. The results revealed significant variability in seedling morphology, particularly in root architecture and dry weight, between the 10% and 100% nitrogen treatments. High coefficients of variation were observed in the lengths of crown and seminal roots, alongside significant correlations between root and seedling dry weights at both nitrogen levels. Additionally, a strong correlation was found between root length and number under the 10% nitrogen treatment. The results highlight the critical role of nitrogen in maize seedling development and the interaction between nitrogen concentration and maize variety, particularly in primary root length. The study improves understanding of nitrogen's role in optimizing maize growth and suggests strategies to enhance nitrogen use efficiency across different maize varieties
Reporte de Repositorio Institucional del 01 al 31 de Octubre 2024
Get PDFDurante el mes de octubre se incorporaron 12 publicaciones técnico científicas, en el Repositorio Institucional del INIA, contando a la fecha con un total de 2463 publicaciones, divididas en comunidades y colecciones. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre las publicaciones técnico-científicas que vienen siendo incorporadas por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA
Reporte de Investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 29 de Febrero 2024
Get PDFEn este reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT se observa que al finalizar el mes de febrero se cuenta con un total de 69 investigadores, divididas en 65 afiliados y 04 no afiliados. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre los investigadores del INIA en el RENACYT
Guía para el procesamiento de aceitunas de mesa
Get PDFEl INIA pone este documento a disposición de investigadores, profesionales, productores y público en general interesados en la conservación y valoración de la diversidad de este cultivo que puede contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria de la humanidad
Niveles de glomalina y carbono en función de los agregados del suelo en la Amazonía peruana
No full textLa selva amazónica de Perú ha experimentado grandes cambios en el uso de suelos, mediante la deforestación del ecosistema forestal para la instalación de silvopasturas y cultivos agrícolas como café y cacao, lo que ha contribuido al aumento de CO2 en la atmósfera. Este estudio evaluó los niveles de glomalina y carbono en función de los agregados del suelo en estos ambientes. Se estudiaron tres tipos de ecosistemas: i) ecosistema de bosque, ii) agroecosistema de silvopastura y iii) agroecosistema de café. En cada uno se establecieron nueve parcelas de 100 m2 y se extrajeron muestras de suelos a una profundidad de 0-20 cm. Se evaluó el carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) así como la glomalina extraíble (GE) y total (GT), en cuatro diferentes rangos del tamaño de los agregados (>2 mm, 2-1 mm, 1-0,25 mm y 0,25 mm). El efecto del tipo de ecosistema y agregados sobre el COS y glomalina se analizó mediante un ANOVA, así como con una prueba de regresión. Los ecosistemas estudiados influyeron significativamente en la disponibilidad de COS y glomalina; se obtuvo mayor COS en el agroecosistema de café, seguido del ecosistema de bosque con 101,08 y 80,17 t·ha-1. El bosque presentó mayor concentración de GE y GT respecto al cafetal y las silvopasturas. El tamaño de los agregados influyó significativamente en la disponibilidad de COS, GE y GT; cuando fueron de menores dimensiones, los contenidos de COS y glomalina disminuyeron. El tipo del sistema y los agregados del suelo influyeron significativamente en la disponibilidad de COS y glomalina en los tres ambientes estudiados