Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Effectiveness of Repellent Plants for Controlling Potato Tuber Moth (Symmetrischema tangolias) in the Andean Highlands
Get PDFPostharvest losses from potato tuber moth severely constrain seed quality in Andean smallholder systems. This study evaluated four locally available repellent plants—Ambrosia peruviana, Eucalyptus globulus, Artemisia absinthium, and Minthostachys mollis—applied as dried leaves layered within seed bags of INIA 302 'Amarilis' under farmer-like storage at two highland sites in Cajamarca, Peru (Huaytorco, 3350 m; Samaday, 2750 m), over 187 days. Within each site, a Completely Randomized Design with three bag-level replicates per treatment was used, and damage was assessed after 187 days as incidence of attacked tubers, internal damage severity and live larval counts. Endpoint data were analyzed separately by site using Kruskal–Wallis tests followed by Dunn's post hoc test with Šidák correction (α = 0.05). Across both sites, all botanicals significantly reduced damage severity and live larval counts relative to the untreated control. At the warmer, lower site, A. absinthium and M. verticillata achieved large effect sizes, with severity and larval numbers reduced by roughly 80–90% compared with the control, while at the cooler, higher site, larvae were not detected in any botanical treatment. These findings indicate that simple layering of dried leaves from locally available plants, particularly wormwood and muña, can substantially mitigate S. tangolias damage in highland seed potato stores and represents a promising, low-cost complement to integrated pest management, although multi-season and dose-response studies are still needed to confirm and refine this approach.Effectiveness of Repellent Plants for Controlling Symmetrischema tangolias and Phthorimaea operculella in Stored Potato Seed in the Andean highlands" was funded by the investment project 2361771: "Improving the availability, access, and use of quality seeds for potato, amylaceous maize, grain legumes, and cereals in the regions of Junín, Ayacucho, Cusco, and Puno (4 departments)", supported by Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, (INIA) Perú.
CUI: Código Único de Inversiones: 236177
Suplementação estratégica de blocos multinutricionais para cabras (Capra hircus) em um sistema intensivo na costa central do Peru
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of multi nutritional blocks (MNB) for growing goats on their productive and economic performance in an intensive system, on the central Peruvian coast. For this, 51 Saanen goats at two months of age and 9.7±1.4kg live weight on average were randomly distributed in three treatments: T0 = control; T1 = MNB supplementation with 24% crude protein (CP), and T2 = MNB supplementation with 29% CP, for a period of two months. Initial live weight (ILW, kg), final live weight (FLW, kg), weight gain (WG, kg), survival rate (SR, %) and economic retribution (ER, S/) were evaluated, using SPSS v. 27. Values of 16.17±1.65 and 6.52±1.44kg were obtained for FLW and WG, respectively, and the SR was 100% for all groups. On the other hand, MNB supplementation had a highly significant effect (p = 0.000) on FLW and WG, and a higher SR was observed when MNB was supplied with 24% CP. In conclusion, MNB supplementation with 24% CP for growing goats, under an intensive production system, significantly improves their productive performance and would achieve a higher economic return.The authors are especially grateful to Agropecuaria DUMAN S.A.C. for providing the facilities, animals and feed for the experiment, and to the Investment Project with CUI N° 2506684 called "Improvement of research services and technology transfer for the sustainable management of goat farming in dry forest, in the departments of Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, Amazonas, La Libertad, Ancash, Lima, Ica and Ayacucho"
Morpho-Physicochemical, Bioactive, and Antioxidant Profiling of Peruvian Coffea arabica L. Germplasm Reveals Promising Accessions for Agronomic and Nutraceutical Breeding
Get PDFCoffee quality arises from the interaction among genotype, environment, and postharvest management, yet few large-scale studies jointly integrate agronomic, phytochemical, and processing traits. We characterized 150 Coffea arabica L. accessions from six Peruvian regions, evaluated in the INIA coffee germplasm collection, quantifying agro-morphological traits, colorimetric parameters in cherries and beans, fermentation indicators, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity. Correlation analyses showed that total phenolics (TPCs) and total flavonoids (TFCs) were strongly associated with antioxidant activity, whereas caffeine content (CAF) varied, largely independently. Several chromatic parameters in parchment and green coffee (a*, b*, C*) showed positive correlations with phenolic content and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP), while final fermentation pH (FPH) was negatively associated with these compounds, supporting both color metrics and pH as operational indicators of chemical quality. Principal component analysis disentangled a morphometric gradient from a functional (phenolic–antioxidant) gradient, indicating that bean size and antioxidant potential can be improved in a semi-independent manner. Hierarchical clustering identified complementary ideotypes, and a multi-trait selection index highlighted promising accessions—PER1002197 (Cajamarca), PER1002222 (Cajamarca), PER1002288 (Pasco), and PER1002184 (Cajamarca)—that combine high phenolic/antioxidant levels, favorable chlorogenic acid (CGA)/trigonelline (TGN) profiles, contrasting (high/low) caffeine, and competitive yield (YPP)/bean size. These accessions represent promising candidates for breeding climate-smart and nutraceutical-oriented coffee.This research was funded by the Instituto Nacional de Innovacion Agraria (INIA) and the project “Mejoramiento de los Servicios de Investigacion en la Caracterizacion de los Recursos Geneticos de la Agrobiodiversidad en 17 Departamentos del Peru—ProAgrobio” CUI N.◦ 2480490
Crianza de Elphosoma laphygmae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Parasitoide de larvas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) en condiciones de laboratorio. LXV Convención Nacional de Entomología
Get PDFSpodoptera frugiperda, considerada como plaga principal, que se alimenta de diversos cultivos, como maíz, algodón, alfalfa, causando pérdidas económicas, es considerada la plaga más importante del cultivo de maíz e involucra un elevado porcentaje de daño en dicho cultivo. Por esto es importante conocer el control biológico, que incluye depredadores y parasitoides que posean características de adaptación al clima, frecuencia de aparición y sobre todo con características de especificidad para el control de Spodoptera frugiperda. Por esto se viene realizando la crianza de Eiphosoma laphygmae que es un parasitoide larval de Spodoptera frugiperda. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la metodología de crianza de Eiphosoma laphygmae. Para la crianza de Eiphosoma, la temperatura osciló entre 23°C a 25°C, con humedad relativa de 67% a 70% y fotoperiodo de 8:12 y alimento con una concentración de miel al 100% que ayudó a la longevidad de las hembras, siendo la proporción de hembras y machos en 2:1. En las jaulas de crianza se suministraron larvas de primer estadio de Spodoptera, que fueron acondicionadas en plántulas de maíz, para su parasitación por Eiphosoma, cuyas hembras detectaron a la larva por las kairomonas. Luego de la parasitación, las larvas de Spodoptera se individualizaron y fueron alimentadas con hojas de higuerilla en un recipiente plástico de 250 cc de capacidad, realizándose el cambio de alimento en forma interdiaria. Las larvas con características como la coloración amarillenta, reducción en el tamaño y voracidad, fueron seleccionadas y colocadas en frascos de acrílico de 150 cc de capacidad acondicionados con una base de higuerilla, un papel absorbente y una tapa ligera de esponja; luego de 4 a 5 días se retiraron las pupas y se colocaron en las jaulas de crianza para que los adultos emerjan. En el presente estudio se estandarizó la temperatura, humedad, el fotoperiodo y el alimento para la crianza de Eiphosoma en condiciones de laboratorio. Con esta metodología se logró adaptar y obtener una población estable, llegando hasta la segunda generación de adultos de Eiphosoma en condiciones de laboratorio
Características morfométricas e fanerópticas de cabras crioulas na floresta seca do Peru
No full textThe study aimed to describe morphometric and phaneroptic parameters in goat herds from the northern region of Lambayeque, Peru. A total of 295 goats over two years old, without evidence of crossbreeding with specialized breeds, were used. For each animal, 19 morphometric and eight phaneroptic measurements were recorded, and zoometric indices were calculated using a scale, measuring tape, and zoometric stick. This was performed using R software version 4.3.1. The results showed an average live weight of 41 ± 7.5 kg and a proportionality index of 99.6, highlighting their suitability for meat or dual-purpose production (IDT: 13.4, ICO: 88.7), adapted to the local environment. Regarding phaneroptic characteristics, monochromatic coat colors predominated in 55.6% of the animals, 43.7% were hornless (72.7% of the horns observed were parallel), 20.7% had beards, and 10.5% presented wattles. Additionally, 14.7% had supernumerary teats, and 46% of males displayed testicular bifurcation. In conclusion, the Creole goat of the Dry Forest in northern Peru is medium-sized, with robust limbs and a meat-production aptitude, as reflected by the proportionality index. It is also characterized by predominantly dark coats and parallel horns when present. These features demonstrate their adaptation to this environment and their potential for meat production
Línea Mantaro
No full textLa Estación Experimental Agraria Santa Ana de la Región Junín, mediante el programa de mejoramiento genético por selección del cuy Tipo 1 (Mantaro), inició en 1997 (basada en selección por peso) con fin de producción de carne. El estudio de línea de base empezó con 144 cuyes recolectadas de las principales granjas de la localidad de San Martín, generaciones procedentes de comunidades latinas del valle del Mantaro y ecotipos de Arequipa. Se determinó registrar los siguientes parámetros: el peso de las crías al nacimiento, al destete y a las 4 semanas de edad, 8 semanas de edad (pubertad) para evaluar su capacidad de respuesta (incremento de peso) y 13 semanas de edad. En el proceso de adaptación e incremento poblacional se evaluaron 1 338 registros de progenie (Línea Base Control), de un total de 25 machos y 183 reproductoras con una relación de empadre promedio 1:7. Entre el 1998 y el 2016 fueron evaluados 12 495 registros de progenie para ser seleccionados por su precocidad. A partir del 2017 al 2020 se consolida la línea evaluando 1887 cuyes. La Línea MANTARO se caracteriza por tener el pelo liso y corto, con roseta corona en cabeza, color de manto “colorado” en mayor proporción del cuerpo moteado con blanco en cabeza, color de ojos negros, numero de dedos con 4433 dedos. El empadre se realiza sobre las 10 semanas con un peso promedio de 975 g, se manejan en una relación de empadre de 1:7, el intervalo entre partos (días) es de 86 ± 3.8, su tamaño de camada 2.64 ± 0.04. El 83.40%, tienen partos múltiples con 2 a más crías. El peso al nacimiento en machos es de 151.8±1.1 g, al destete 292.4, a las 4 semanas 401.2 y a la edad de 8 semanas es de 629.1±4.8 g y a las 13 semanas 828.8±5.2. La línea Mantaro permite una inversión con una probabilidad del 97.89% en obtener rendimientos superiores a los 0.801 Kg /cuy, además la adopción de la tecnología tiene un riesgo económico de un 0.0%. la línea Mantaro presenta una mayor rentabilidad comparada con las bases genéticas nativas.Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria – INIA, EEA Santa Ana Junín
Nutritional quality of the “Algarrobo” neltuma pallida fruit and its relationship with soil properties and vegetation indices in the dry forests of Northern Peru
No full textThe dry forests of northern Peru are home to extensive populations of algarrobo (Neltuma spp.). Its fruit serves as feed for goats and is used in various agro-industrial products. However, the nutritional quality can be influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil and vegetation coverage. The objective of this study was to understand and predict the concentration of protein and ether extracts of carob and evaluate its relationship with soil properties and vegetation indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analyses were conducted. The prediction of protein and ether extract was carried out using the Eureqa-Formulize software 1.24.0. In the PCA, protein showed a positive relationship with ash and ether extract but a negative relationship with moisture. Likewise, moderate correlations were observed between protein and ash content (0.51). Protein also showed positive correlations with pH (r = 0.19), BI (r = 0.22), and NDSI (r = 0.22). Additionally, the ether extract exhibited correlations with sand content (r = 0.22), Ca2+ (r = −0.26), Cu (r = −0.20), S5 (r = 0.26), and Si (r = 0.24). Protein predictions showed moderate performance (CC = 0.73 and R2 = 0.53), as did ether extracts (CC = 0.68 and R2 = 0.46). These findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence the nutritional quality of carob and can be used for the development of sustainable management strategies in the dry forests of northern Peru.This research was funded by the CUI 2487112 INIA project “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”
Project “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque”—CUI 2487112 INIA
Human-wildlife interaction, conflict, and coexistence: Bibliometric analysis from Scopus (1987–2023)
No full textHuman interactions with wildlife range from conflict (negative) to coexistence (positive or neutral). The scientific interest in this topic is increasing rapidly, although the terminology used varies among authors. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of literature on human–wildlife interaction, conflict, and coexistence (HWCICx) from 1987 to October 2023 using Scopus data analyzed with VOSviewer and the Bibliometrix package in R. An exponential rise in publications was identified between 1995 and 2022, confirming HWCICx as an emerging yet robust research field. The United States and the United Kingdom lead in publication volume and international collaboration, whereas researchers from Asia and Latin America show growing involvement. Journals specializing in ecology, conservation, and wildlife, such as Biological Conservation, Oryx, and Human–Wildlife Interactions, dominate the field, although newer specialized journals are gaining visibility. Predominant research topics include carnivore–livestock conflicts and species conservation. However, new areas of interest are emerging, including urban wildlife interactions and the sociocultural aspects of coexistence. This study offers an updated overview of the evolution of HWCICx research and highlights the need for integrated natural and social science approaches to develop sustainable models of coexistence
Reporte Repositorio Institucional del 01 al 30 Junio del 2025
No full textDurante el mes de Junio se incorporaron 23 publicaciones técnico científicas, en el Repositorio Institucional del INIA, contando a la fecha con un total de 2637 publicaciones, divididas en comunidades y colecciones. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre las publicaciones técnico-científicas que vienen siendo incorporadas por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA
Short Communication: Prediction of body weight using morphometric measurements in Creole goats from Peru
No full textGoats are an important component of smallholder family farms along the coast and highlands of Peru. The weight of an animal is an important indicator of the production and economy of farmers in rural areas. Therefore, this study aimed to develop predictive models for Body Weight (BW) using Morphometric Measurements (MM) of Creole goats (Capra hircus) in Perú. BW and five MM were collected from 356 goats from the coast and highlands of Peru. Variables were analyzed using correlation and stepwise regression analysis to select the best model based on the coefficient of determination (r²), adjusted r², Residual Standard Error (RSE), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) using the RStudio statistical software. The highest correlation was found between BW and TG (0.76), followed by RW (0.67), and RH (0.65). The combinations of MM selected as predictors of BW by stepwise regression were TG, RH, and RW, with r² 0.640. The selected candidate model met all established tests and, upon validation, reached an r² of 0.66 (p<0.001), indicating that the model can adequately predict the BW of Peruvian Creole goats and serve as a practical tool to support selection programs, feeding strategies, and market decision-making in smallholder systems.The authors thank the "Goat Investment Project with CUI Nro. 2506684 of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation, Peru, for funding to carry out this research