Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 31 de Mayo del 2025
No full textAl cierre del mes de mayo de 2025, el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) registra un total de 147 investigadores activos incorporados en el Registro Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y de Innovación Tecnológica (RENACYT). El presente informe tiene como finalidad consolidar y mantener actualizada la información institucional sobre la participación del personal investigador del INIA en dicho registro nacional, en concordancia con los lineamientos de seguimiento y evaluación del desempeño científico-tecnológico.Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, DGIA, AIVT
Integration of agronomic information, vegetation indices (VIs), and meteorological data for phenological monitoring and yield estimation of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
No full textRice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple crop for sustaining global food security and is particularly important in tropical and subtropical regions. In this context, precision agriculture enables more efficient crop management to increase productivity and sustainability. This study proposes an integrated framework for monitoring the phenological development and estimating the yield of O. sativa by combining agronomic variables, vegetation indices (VIs), and meteorological data. Six rice varieties (Victoria, Esperanza, Bellavista, Puntilla, Capoteña, and Valor) were evaluated across six phenological stages using field data, 20 VIs and meteorological parameters. Field data revealed greater tillering of the Puntilla and Valor varieties (9–28 tillers), with Esperanza having the most stable chlorophyll values (21.5–38.7, σ = 10.46) during ripening. The temporal dynamics of the VIs consistently increased from the seedling to inflorescence emergence stage, followed by a decrease during flowering and ripening, which aligns with known physiological transitions in rice; however, significant differences in the NDVI index were detected during ripening (p > 0.05). For yield estimation, feature selection was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to increase model efficiency and interpretability. Among the regression algorithms tested, support vector regression (SVR) demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy (R² = 0.81) for the Bellavista variety at the maximum tillering stage. Furthermore, the Valor variety presented the highest grain yield (13.70 t/ha). These results underscore the potential of integrating multisource data with machine learning techniques for high-resolution phenological monitoring and varietal performance assessment.This study was funded by Investment Project with CUI No. 2472675: “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia de tecnología agraria en la estación agraria experimental Baños del Inca en la localidad de Baños del Inca del distrito de Baños del Inca - provincia de Cajamarca - departamento de Cajamarca”, Dirección de Servicios Estratégicos Agrarios (DSEA), Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA). The authors thank Teiser Sanchez, Pedro Torres, Larry García and Javier Yovera for their help in data collectio
Ecological and carcinogenic risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in rangelands and croplands around Lake Junin (Peru): Integrating remote sensing, machine learning, and land cover segmentation
No full textThe Junín Lake basin, a critical high-altitude ecosystem in the central Peruvian Andes, faces severe contamination from potentially toxic elements (PTEs) driven by mining activities, agriculture, and urbanization. This study evaluates the spatial distribution, ecological risk, and human health implications of 14 heavy metals, metalloids, and trace elements in surface soils surrounding the lake. Using 211 soil samples, we integrated remote sensing, land cover classification, and Random Forest machine learning models with spectral, edaphic, topographic, and proximity-based environmental covariates to predict contamination patterns and assess risk. Results reveal extreme contamination, with arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) concentrations exceeding ecological thresholds by over 100-fold in agricultural zones. Ecological risk assessments using contamination degree (mCD), pollution load index (PLI), and risk index (RI) indicated that over 99 % of the study area exhibits very high to ultra-high contamination levels. Human health risk analysis identified unacceptable carcinogenic risks from As, Pb, and Cr across adult and pediatric populations, with arsenic presenting the greatest concern. The integration of geospatial tools and machine learning enabled precise identification of contamination hotspots and vulnerable land cover types, demonstrating the value of AI approaches for monitoring contaminated territories. These findings underscore the urgent need for coordinated environmental management, targeted remediation strategies, and community-based monitoring to protect public health and preserve Andean ecosystem integrity.This research was funded by the INIA project “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali” CUI 2487112, of the Ministry of Agrarian Development and Irrigation (MIDAGRI) of the Peruvian Government. We would like to express our deepest gratitude to everyone who contributed to this research at the Santa Ana Experimental Station – Huancayo
Biomass production of tropical trees across space and time: The shifting roles of diameter growth and wood density
No full text1. Woody biomass in tropical trees contributes significantly to global carbon stocks; however, these stocks are increasingly affected by climate and land-use changes. Understanding the growth mechanisms driving woody biomass production is essential for assessing the short- and long-term contributions to carbon stocks and dynamics in tropical forests.
2. Trees accumulate biomass by increasing their size (wood volume) and/or tissue density (wood density). However, estimates of tree biomass production are often based solely on size increment through measurements of stem diameter growth, overlooking the potential spatial and temporal variation in wood density within trees. Tree-ring analysis can be applied to reconstruct past tree volume-growth and wood-density variations, allowing the quantification of their relative contributions when reconstructing past woody biomass production.
3. Here, we studied trees of the widespread Neotropical genus Cedrela along an environmental (climate and soil) gradient to address two key questions: (1) How does temporal variation in tree diameter growth and wood density affect biomass production? (2) To what extent do these relationships vary along the environmental gradient? We examined both long-term (ontogenetic) and short-term (annual) variations in diameter growth and wood density, covering eighteen sites in the Amazon rainforest, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado savanna and Caatinga dry forest.
4. We found that diameter growth and wood density drive short- and long-term biomass production dynamics. Interestingly, diameter growth patterns predominantly explained short-term variability in biomass production at all sites, whereas wood density explained ontogenetic biomass patterns mainly at humid sites. These results highlight the importance of accounting for both short- and long-term variation, including climatic and ontogenetic drivers, to increase the accuracy of biomass estimations in tropical trees, particularly in humid forest ecosystems such as the Amazon.
5. Synthesis. Diameter growth is an important and good indicator of forest carbon production. However, size-related changes in wood density, which are usually neglected, are critical for accurate short- and long-term carbon assessments, especially in tropical humid sites
Reporte de Repositorio Institucional del 01 al 31 del Julio 2025
No full textDurante el mes de Mayo se incorporaron 28 publicaciones técnico científicas, en el Repositorio Institucional del INIA, contando a la fecha con un total de 2665 publicaciones, divididas en comunidades y colecciones. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre las publicaciones técnico-científicas que vienen siendo incorporadas por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA
Inoculation of Bacillus subtilis in acidic soil amended with biochar and liming materials in maize cultivation
No full textThe use of amendments in combination with Bacillus subtilis has been understudied as a strategy for rehabilitating acid soils and improving cropping systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of amendments and B. subtilis on the development, yield, and nutritional quality of the hard yellow maize Marginal 28 T variety. A randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement was employed, considering five amendments, including biochar, alongside the application of B. subtilis. The combination of biochar and B. subtilis significantly increased plant and ear height (p < 0.01), achieved a grain yield of 4.11 t ha⁻¹, and reduced flowering time by seven days. Strong correlations were observed between male and female flowering (r = 0.99) and between stem diameter and leaf area (r = 0.95), indicating improved vegetative development. Soil pH and nutrient availability, such as phosphorus, were also enhanced. The combined use of amendments and B. subtilis optimizes yield and improves soil chemical properties. Thus, applying biochar and B. subtilis improves growth, yield, and soil quality, consolidating a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture in acid soils.This research was funded by the INIA project CUI 2487112 “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”
Genomic characterization of Escherichia coli isolates from alpaca crias (Vicugna pacos) in the peruvian highlands: insights into functional diversity and pathogenicity
No full textDiarrhea in alpaca crias significantly impacts livestock health in high-altitude regions, with Escherichia coli as a common pathogen. This study analyzed 10 E. coli isolates from diarrheic and healthy alpacas using whole-genome sequencing to assess genetic diversity, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. Predominant sequence types (ST73, ST29), serotypes (O22:H1, O109:H11), and phylogroups (B2, B1, A) were identified. Virulence profiling revealed ExPEC-like and EPEC pathotypes, while resistance genes for β-lactams (blaEC-15), fosfomycin (glpT_E448K), and colistin (pmrB) were prevalent. These findings highlight the need for genomic surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship to manage E. coli infections in alpacas and reduce public health risks
Reporte de investigadores del INIA en RENACYT del 01 al 31 de Julio del 2025
No full textAl cierre del mes de mayo de 2025, el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) registra un total de 153 investigadores activos incorporados en el Registro Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y de Innovación Tecnológica (RENACYT). El presente informe tiene como finalidad consolidar y mantener actualizada la información institucional sobre la participación del personal investigador del INIA en dicho registro nacional, en concordancia con los lineamientos de seguimiento y evaluación del desempeño científico-tecnológico
Manual para la producción de biofertilizantes a base de microalgas
No full textEl INIA, a través de la Dirección de Servicios Estratégicos Agrarios (DSEA), viene ejecutando el proyecto de inversión “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”, con CUI N° 2487112, el cual tiene como uno de sus objetivos evaluar prácticas alternativas para el manejo de suelos y agua en la producción agrícola.
En este contexto, se ha indentificado la necesidad de implementar prácticas agrícolas más sostenibles en entornos con suelos y aguas contaminados por uso excesivo de fertilizantes sintéticos. Por ello, los biofertilizantes elaborados a partir de microalgas se han convertido en una alternativa innovadora y respetuosa con el medio ambiente para mejorar la productividad agrícola.
El presente documento ofrece una guía práctica para la producción de biofertilizantes a base de microalgas. Se destacan los métodos y técnicas de elaboración, los beneficios asociados a su aplicación, así como casos de éxito de su uso en la agricultura. Este manual está dirigido a profesionales del sector agropecuario y público en general interesado en mejorar la calidad y productividad de los suelos