Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Clínicas de plantas en el Perú [2018]
No full textEn Perú existen "clínicas de plantas" que ofrecen asistencia técnica gratuita a agricultores para diagnosticar y tratar problemas en sus cultivos, como plagas y enfermedades. Un ejemplo es el proyecto Plantwise que implementa módulos de asistencia técnica en zonas rurales. Adicionalmente, existen iniciativas como la Kusi Huerta en San Borja, Lima, que también ofrecen un servicio similar pero enfocado en plantas en general y disponible para todo el público, incluso fuera del sector agrícola.Estos contenidos son resultados del "Convenio de Cooperación Técnica entre el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria – INIA Perú y CABI - Plantwise
Multi-Year Assessment of Phenotypic Variability and Stability in 49 Peruvian Grapevine (Vitis spp.) Accessions Using AMMI, GGE, and WAASBY Models
Get PDFGrapevines face the dual challenge of sustaining yield and fruit quality under arid and increasingly variable environmental conditions. This study characterized the phenotypic variability and multi-year stability of 49 grapevine (Vitis spp.) accessions conserved in the Chincha germplasm bank over three consecutive growing seasons, with the aim of identifying promising material for table grape, pisco (a traditional grape-based distille spirit from Peru), and wine production. Morphological traits (cluster weight, berry weight and dimensions), colorimetric parameters (CIELAB), and physicochemical attributes (moisture, dry matter, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, maturity index, and reducing sugars) were evaluated. Multivariate analyses (PCA, hierarchical clustering), genotype × environment interaction models (AMMI and GGE), stability indices (ASV and WAASBY), and assessments of interannual stability were applied, together with a multi-criteria selection index tailored to the intended end use. The results revealed two contrasting phenotypic profiles: one characterized by high berry volume/weight and elevated water content and another with smaller berries but higher dry matter, sugars, balanced acidity, and superior maturity indices. Genotypic effects were predominant for size-related traits such as berry weight, whereas titratable acidity and reducing sugars exhibited a more pronounced genotype × year interaction, supporting the use of AMMI models and the WAASBY index to select genotypes that are both productive and stable. The ranking identified accessions PER1002061, PER1002062, and PER1002168 as outstanding candidates for table grape production; PER1002076, PER1002097, and PER1002156 for pisco; and PER1002122, PER1002131, PER1002135, and PER1002098 as accessions with high oenological potential. Overall, these findings highlight the value and diversity of Peruvian grapevine germplasm and provide a foundation for breeding programs targeting varieties adapted to specific market niches, including table grape, wine, and pisco.This research was funded by the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) and the project “Mejoramiento de los Servicios de Investigación en la Caracterización de los Recursos Genéticos de la Agrobiodiversidad en 17 Departamentos del Perú—ProAgrobio” CUI N.° 2480490
Eco-Efficient Intensification of Potato with Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride Under NPK Fertilization
Get PDFPotato production in the Andean highlands demands strategies that reduce dependence on synthetic inputs without sacrificing yield. We evaluated two microbial bioinputs—Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride—applied once pre-plant to seed tubers, under three organo-mineral fertilization regimes (0%, 50%, and 100% of the recommended NPK rate) in two cultivars (INIA 303-Canchán and Yungay) in field conditions in Ayacucho, Peru, using a randomized complete block, split-plot design (three replicates). Agronomic traits (plant height, root dry weight, stems per plant, tubers per plant, and plot-level yield) were analyzed with robust two-way ANOVA and multivariate methods. Combining microbial inoculation with 50% NPK sustained growth responses comparable to 100% NPK for key traits: in Yungay with T. viride, plant height at 50% NPK (≈96.15 ± 1.71 cm) was not different from 100% NPK (≈98.87 ± 1.70 cm), and root dry weight at 50% NPK (≈28.50 ± 0.28 g) matched or exceeded 100% NPK (≈16.97–22.62 g depending on cultivar–treatment). Notably, T. viride increased root biomass even without mineral fertilizer (≈27.62 ± 0.29 g in Yungay), while B. subtilis enhanced canopy vigor and stem number at full NPK (≈4.5 ± 0.29 stems). Yungay out-yielded INIA 303-Canchán overall (≈57.5 ± 2.5 kg vs. ≈42.7 ± 2.5 kg per plot). The highest yields occurred with B. subtilis + 100% NPK (≈62.88 ± 6.07 kg per plot), followed by B. subtilis + 50% NPK (≈51.7 ± 6.07 kg per plot). Plant height was the strongest correlate of yield (Spearman ρ ≈ 0.60), underscoring its value as a proxy for productivity. Overall, a single pre-plant inoculation with B. subtilis or T. viride can halve mineral fertilizer inputs while maintaining growth and sustaining high, cultivar-dependent yields in highland potato systems."Eco-Efficient Intensification with Trichoderma viride and Bacillus subtilis Enhances Yield and Growth of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under Differential Organo-Mineral Nutrition in Peru" was funded by the investment project 2361771: "Improving the availability, access, and use of quality seeds for potato, amylaceous maize, grain legumes, and cereals in the regions of Junín, Ayacucho, Cusco, and Puno (4 departments)", supported by Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Peru
Agricultural research and extension: trends and challenges in Peru and around the world (2015–2025)
Get PDFAgricultural extension, understood as producer-oriented guidance, is vital for driving technology adoption and sector development. This systematic review (2015–2025) examines global and national trends in agricultural research and extension, witha particular focus on Peru's policy landscape. Internationally, the U.S.A., China, and Europe are identified as leaders in scientific innovation, while Brazil excels regionally through its integrated approach to research, innovation, and extension. Agricultural research is still centralized in Lima on a national level, but expanding capability in areas like Amazonas, Junín, and Puno emphasizes how urgently decentralization is needed. By comparing national research output with MIDAGRI’s Agrarian Development Plan 2021–2030 and relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the study reveals strong thematic alignment in innovation, food security, and climate adaptation. Crucially, however, significant shortcomings are identified in governance and the effective inclusion of small-scale producers.
Based on these findings, this study recommends strengthening decentralized R&D investment, fostering interregional research networks, and promoting strategic collaboration among universities, local governments, and rural communities.
Ensuring the active participation of producers in the innovation cycle is essential for building a more inclusive, resilient, and effective agricultural extension system aligned with sustainable development goals.The authors would like to thank the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) through the Investment Project with CUI N° 2472675: Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia de tecnología agraria en la Estación Experimental Agraria Banos del Inca en la localidad Los Banos del Inca del Distrito Los Banos del Inca - provincia de Cajamarca - Departamento de Cajamarca. The authors would also like to thank Ever Tarrillo, Jefferson A. Cubas and Mauro Barrazueta for their support in sharing their knowledge and perspectives on the subject
Siembra y labores culturales en maíz amiláceo [2020]
Get PDFOperaciones de campo antes de la siembra: Primera arada. Es necesaria para aflojar el suelo, incorporar rastrojos de la cosecha anterior y eliminar malezas. Realizar la primera arada con anticipación a la siembra, de preferencia inmediatamente después de la cosecha anterior (Mayo – Junio). Cruzas: Se realiza con la finalidad de romper terrones, cortar residuos de cosechas, eliminar malezas y en algunos casos nivelar el suelo. Realizar por lo menos dos aradas o cruzas. Las cruzas realizarlas al inicio de las primeras lluvias y se puede hacer con yunta o con tractor agrícola. Lo importante es desintegrar bien el suelo para favorecer la germinación de las semillas.Estos contenidos son resultados del "Convenio de Cooperación Técnica entre el Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria y Plantwise - CABI" y están disponibles en acceso abierto a través de plataforma Banco de conocimientos (https://plantwiseplusknowledgebank.org
Productive response of Phaseolus vulgaris L. to the application of local compost and efficient microorganisms in a semi-arid zone of Ayacucho, Peru
Get PDFUna alternativa para mejorar el rendimiento de cultivos en regiones semiáridas es el uso de abonos orgánicos de origen natural que contribuyan al suministro de nutrientes por descomposición y mejoren la capacidad de almacenamiento y retención de agua del suelo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la influencia de un compost de preparación casera denominado "Compuesto San Cristóbal" (CSC) y de microorganismos eficientes (ME) en el rendimiento de frijol rojo en condiciones semiáridas. El estudio se desarrolló en el Centro Experimental Canaán de la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho. Se implementó un diseño experimental factorial 2A×2B (A: con y sin CSC; B: con y sin ME) bajo un arreglo de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las parcelas experimentales de 20 m² estuvieron constituidas por cinco surcos distanciados a 0,80 m. Los tratamientos con CSC mostraron rendimientos significativamente superiores comparados con el testigo sin aplicación. Los ME también evidenciaron efectos positivos en el rendimiento, aunque en m12enor magnitud que el CSC. El incremento relativo del rendimiento de grano (Irrg) por aplicación del CSC fue 73,40 %, mientras que para rastrojos (Irrr) fue 21,96 %. La aplicación de ME incrementó el rendimiento de grano en 37,84 % y rastrojos en 9,91 %; la aplicación conjunta de CSC y ME produjo los mayores incrementos: 109,32 % en rendimiento de grano y 26,67 % en rastrojos. Se concluye que tanto el CSC como los ME mejoran significativamente el rendimiento del frijol en condiciones semiáridas; siendo más efectivo el CSC, potenciándose su efecto en aplicación conjunta con ME.Los autores agradecen el apoyo económico de la Universidad de Huamanga. Asimismo, el apoyo del personal técnico del Programa de Investigación en Pastos y Ganadería y del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria merecen especial reconocimiento. Los docentes del área de suelos y los estudiantes de las asignaturas de Fertilidad de suelos y Manejo y conservación de suelos también merecen reconocimiento por su apoyo en la conducción del experimento
Suitability of the Amazonas region for beekeeping and its future distribution under climate change scenarios
No full textBeekeeping plays an important role in global food production and the conservation of wild species. However, determining territorial suitability and future distribution under climate change scenarios is a relatively under-studied area in Peru. This study assessed the beekeeping suitability of the Amazonas region and its variation under climate change scenarios in two projected periods (2041-2060 and 2081-2100), according to Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP). The methodological framework integrated the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the Hadley Centre Global Earth Model - Global Coupled configuration 3.1 (HadGEM3-GC31-LL) was used for future climate analysis. The beekeeping suitability of the region was determined based on eleven criteria: four climatic, three topographic, and four environmental. The results indicate that beekeeping suitability is distributed as follows: 3.4% (1417.90 km²) with 'High' suitability, 79.2% (33,318.61 km²) with 'Moderate' suitability, 17.2% (7230.26 km²) with 'Marginal' suitability, and 0.2% (83.64 km²) as 'Not suitable'. Moreover, the average temperature across the region is projected to increase by approximately 3 °C under the SSP2-4.5 scenario and between 6 °C and 8 °C under the SSP5-8.5 scenario during the projected periods. Precipitation will decrease in the northern part of the region, while the southwestern part will experience an increase. In the highly suitable beekeeping area, a temperature increases up to 10.8 °C is expected, with frequent variations around 3 °C to 8 °C, affecting more than 500 km². Additionally, a reduction in precipitation up to 311 mm/year is projected, with predominant variations ranging from -49.5 to 32.8 mm/year over approximately 600 km². Therefore, it is suggested to implement strategies to mitigate these upcoming challenges, particularly if the modeled economic development under the SSPs continues. This study modeled and mapped areas with present conditions suitable for beekeeping and future climate behavior. The modeling aims to guide beekeepers and local authorities in developing sustainable practices and implementing preventive measures to address future climatic challenges.The authors acknowledge and thank INDES-CES of the Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM) for its support, and Centro Experimental Yanayacu, Dirección de Supervisión y Monitoreo en las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA)
Characterization and typology of goat production systems in the Southern Highlands of Peru
No full textBackground and Aim: Characterizing local animal production systems is crucial for sustainable livestock development. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of goat production systems in the Highlands of Chincha province, Ica, Peru. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 82 goat breeders in three districts: San Juan de Yanac, San Pedro de Huacarpana, and Chavín. Factor analysis of mixed data and hierarchical classification analysis were conducted to identify typologies of goat production systems using R version 4.4.2. Results: Four distinct goat production types were identified, primarily differentiated by feeding location and deworming frequency. Type 2 (41.5%) was the most prevalent, characterized by grazing on breeders own land, minimal milk production (<1 liter/day, 91.2%), and a focus on cheese and goat kid sales (70.6%). Breeders were predominantly women, with limited resources and extensive management systems. Across all types, mixed breeding was common, and economic reliance on livestock and agriculture prevailed. Conclusion: Despite their diversity, all goat production systems shared extensive management practices and resource constraints, resulting in low productivity. These findings highlight the need for targeted public policies to improve productivity and sustainability in goat farming within the Ica region.The authors thank all the goat farmers who participated in the survey and the Project with CUI No. 2506684 called “Improvement of research services and technology transfer for the sustainable management of goat farming in dry forest areas, in the departments of Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, Amazonas, La Libertad, Ancash, Lima, Ica and Ayacucho,” without whose subsidy it would not have been possible to carry out this stud
Producción de pasto elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) para la alimentación del ganado caprino
Get PDFEl pasto elefante tiene una inflorescencia en espiga y produce una gran cantidad de semillas; sin embargo, las plantas obtenidas desde estas semillas son de bajo vigor (Pereira et al., 2021). Por lo tanto, se recomienda su reproducción vegetativa a través de las siguientes opciones:
Tallos: Se entierran longitudinalmente a 20 cm de profundidad del suelo, para que las nuevas plántulas broten a partir de los nudos.
Rizomas: Cuando las plantas son adultas, se expanden a través de tallos subterráneos, que al activarse sus yemas generan plantas nuevas.
Nudos de germinación: Obtenidos del corte de los tallos y que son germinados en almacigueras para adelantar los rebrotes.CUI: 250668