Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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An emerging Platynota sp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) infesting blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) in the central coast of Peru
No full textBlueberry cultivation has recently become a rapidly expanding export industry in Peru. With few to no official records of phytosanitary problems up to date. Nevertheless, as observed in other major blueberry producer countries, pests occurrences have been already reported. This study presents a comprehensive biological and molecular characterization of a novel blueberry pest, identifying it as a member of the Tortricidae family in the genus Platynota. The insect’s average life cycle was determined to be 46.3 days for males and 48.6 days for females, with the larval stage being the longest (25.4 days on average), and the most destructive due to its feeding behavior, which significantly damages buds and fruits. Morphological analysis of the genitalia, along with a comparison of its complete mitochondrial DNA, further supports the conclusion that this pest is a new species. These findings represent the first report of a tortricid pest affecting blueberries in Peru and offer crucial insights for developing effective pest management strategies, contributing to the sustainable growth of blueberry production and exports in the regio
Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Mining-Affected River Sediments in the Peruvian Central Highlands
Get PDFHeavy metal contamination in rivers is a serious environmental and public health concern, especially in areas affected by mining. This study evaluated the levels of contamination and the associated ecological and carcinogenic risks in the sediments of the Cunas River, located in the central highlands of Peru. Sediment samples were collected from upstream and downstream sections. Several metals and metalloids were analyzed, including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), zinc (Zn), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd). The ecological risk assessment focused on ten of these elements, while carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed for seven metals selected based on their toxicological importance. The results showed that Cd and Pb concentrations were higher in the downstream section. Cd and As exceeded ecological risk thresholds. Regarding human health, As and Pb surpassed the acceptable limits for both the Hazard Index (HI) and the Potential Carcinogenic Risk (PCR). According to EPA guidelines, these values indicate a potentially significant lifetime cancer risk. The main exposure routes include direct contact with sediments and the consumption of aquatic organisms. Continuous monitoring, phytoremediation actions, and restrictions on the use of contaminated water are strongly recommended to reduce ecological and health risks.This research was funded by the INIA project “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnologica en el manejo y recuperacion de suelos agricolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequena y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Ancash, San Martin, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junin, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”, CUI 2487112. It also received support from the Vice-Rectorate for Research of the Universidad Nacional del Centro del Peru-UNCP
Evaluación ex post de un proyecto de competitividad en jóvenes de San Martín – Perú
No full textEl proyecto "Mejoramiento de la competitividad de la microempresa en las cadenas productivas con jóvenes organizados de la región San Martín" tuvo como objetivo fortalecer las capacidades técnicas y empresariales de los jóvenes, impulsando la competitividad de sus microempresas. La investigación se centró en una región con una alta participación juvenil en el sector microempresarial. Para evaluar el impacto del proyecto, se aplicó una encuesta a 332 beneficiarios. Los resultados mostraron una mejora significativa en la calidad de vida de los participantes: el 88% superó dificultades en la gestión empresarial y el 70% generó oportunidades de autoempleo. El proyecto se ejecutó de manera eficiente, concluyendo un 10,45% antes de lo previsto y sin generar sobrecostos. Además, el 89% de los beneficiarios destacó que se implementaron acciones que garantizan la sostenibilidad del proyecto. El impacto fue positivo, logrando altos niveles de satisfacción entre los beneficiarios e integrando las microempresas en las cadenas productivas, lo que resultó en una mejora en la calidad de vida de las familias participantes
Adaptability and phenotypic stability of Early-Maturing Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) lines in the Peruvian Amazon
No full textThis study evaluated the suitability of three floodplain environments near Iquitos for cowpea cultivar recommendation. It also estimated the adaptability and phenotypic stability of 12 cowpea lines evaluated in 2004 and compared the climatic conditions between 2004 and the period of 2020–2024. Field trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and two replications. Five traits were assessed: grain yield, number of pods per plant, days to flowering, days to physiological maturity, and days to harvest. Combined ANOVA revealed significant environmental effects for all traits. Analyses using Duncan’s means test, GGE biplot, and AMMI indicated that the three sites are contrasting. The Annicchiarico index, GGE biplot, and AMMI analyses identified line CAR 3010 as having superior adaptability and stability. Paired t-tests showed that the conditions in 2020-2024 were warmer and drier than those in 2004. Therefore, Muyuy, Rafael Belaunde, and San Miguel are suitable locations for testing new cowpea lines, and CAR 3010 line is recommended for inclusion in cowpea breeding programs in the Peruvian Amazon in response to ongoing climate change
Poisoning by (Conium maculatum) and liver deficiency in a bovine. Clinical case
No full textIn the majority of cases, poisonings in livestock occur accidentally. The primary causes of poisoning are associated with the ingestion of toxic plants, which contain a range of substances including alkaloids, nitrates, saponins, and others, that can lead to fatal outcomes. The objective of the investigation was to ascertain the cause of death of the bovine. The animal in question was a Simmental breed heifer, aged one year and two months, weighing 250 kg live, and displaying symptoms consistent with Conium maculatum poisoning. The results of the autopsy demonstrated the following: the external examination revealed slight profuse hemorrhage and icteric mucosa on the lips, a pale and icteric flaking muzzle, pale and icteric vulvar and ocular mucosa, and small hemorrhagic vesicles focused at the level of the cross, hip, and dewlap. Additionally, the abdomen was found to be slightly enlarged with a dull sound. The internal examination revealed the presence of generalized jaundice, icteric pleural tissue, icteric myocardium, cardiomegaly with flaccidity in the left ventricle, and icteric peritoneum in the abdomen. Additionally, the rumen and intestines exhibited apparently normal contents. The abomasum and liver exhibited adhesions with necrotic tissue, hepatomegaly, necrotic tissue at the level of the common bile duct, rupture of the gallbladder with the content distributed throughout the bile ducts, and an abundant blackish liquid with a putrid odor. Laboratory tests to rule out bluetongue and bovine vesicular stomatitis were conducted at the National Agrarian Health System (SENASA) and yielded negative results for both diseases. It was determined that the bovine had died as a result of poisoning by hemlock and liver deficiency.National Genetic Improvement Project-PROMEG CUI 2432072 (Proyecto Nacional de Mejoramiento Genético-PROMEG CUI 2432072
Pantropical tree rings show small effects of drought on stem growth
No full textIncreasing drought pressure under anthropogenic climate change may jeopardize the potential of tropical forests to capture carbon in woody biomass and act as a long-term carbon dioxide sink. To evaluate this risk, we assessed drought impacts in 483 tree-ring chronologies from across the tropics and found an overall modest stem growth decline (2.5% with a 95% confidence interval of 2.2 to 2.7%) during the 10% driest years since 1930. Stem growth declines exceeded 10% in 25% of cases and were larger at hotter and drier sites and for gymnosperms compared with angiosperms. Growth declines generally did not outlast drought years and were partially mitigated by growth stimulation in wet years. Thus, pantropical forest carbon sequestration through stem growth has hitherto shown drought resilience that may, however, diminish under future climate change
Habitat Suitability Distribution of Genus Gynoxys Cass. (Asteraceae): An Approach to Conservation and Ecological Restoration of the Andean Flora in Peru.
No full textThe study used species distribution models (MaxEnt) to analyze the ecological suitability of the genus Gynoxys in Peru. Bioclimatic, edaphic and topographic variables were integrated to predict areas with high development potential. Potential distribution maps were generated, and model validation showed outstanding performance (AUC > 0.9). The results indicated that variables such as minimum temperature in the warmest season and soil moisture are determinants in the distribution of the Discoide, Gynoxys and Praegynoxys clades. It is concluded that the conservation of the genus requires protection strategies to ensure the sustainability of these montane ecosystems.The authors are grateful for the support provided by the Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Sostenible de Ceja de Selva of the Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas
MultiProduct Optimization of Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke in Different Plantation Systems in the Peruvian Amazon
Get PDFThis study addressed multi-product optimization in Cedrelinga cateniformis plantations in the Peruvian Amazon, aiming to maximize volumetric yields of logs and sawn lumber. Data from seven plantations of different ages and types, established on degraded land, were analyzed by using ten stem profile models to predict taper and optimize wood use. In addition, the structure of each plantation was evaluated using diameter distributions and height–diameter ratios; log and sawn timber production was optimized using SigmaE 2.0 software. The Garay model proved most effective, providing high predictive accuracy (adjusted R2 values up to 0.963) and biological realism. Marked differences in volumetric yield were observed between plantations: older and more widely spaced plantations produced higher timber volumes. Logs of optimal length (1.83–3.05 m) and larger dimension wood (e.g., 25.40 × 5.08 cm) were identified as key contributors to maximizing volumetric yields. The highest yields were observed in mature plantations, in which the total log volume reached 508.1 m3ha−1 and the sawn lumber volume 333.6 m3ha−1 . The findings demonstrate the power of data-driven decision-making in the timber industry. By combining precise modeling and optimization techniques, we developed a framework that enables sawmill operators to maximize log and lumber yields. The insights gained from this research can be used to improve operational efficiency and reduce waste, ultimately leading to increased profitability. These practices promote support for smallholders and the forestry industry while contributing to the long-term development of the Peruvian Amazon.This research was financed by the National Forestry Program of the National Institute for Agrarian Innovation and the “Programa Presupuestal 121—Mejora de la articulación de los pequeños productores a los mercados”. The authors thank the technical team of the National Forestry Program of the San Roque Experimental Station for the support provided (Edwin Leil Pinedo Tello, Max Machoa Java and José Luis Teagua Paima). Likewise, they thank the company INDUSTRIA MADERERA SAN JUAN S.AC. The authors declare no conflicts of interest
Use intensity of progesterone devices for fixed-time artificial insemination in gyr crossbred cows from the peruvian tropics
Get PDFBackground: The implementation of routine fixed-time artificial insemination programs can generate significant waste and costs, which good management practices can help mitigate. The objective of the study was to assess the effects of second- and third-use progesterone devices on estrus characteristics and pregnancy rates in synchronized crossbred Gyr cows. Methods: Ten cows were synchronized with first-use Bovine Intravaginal Progesterone Devices (DIB), nine with second-use DIB and ten with third-use DIB. All cows were ≥90 days postpartum, had an average milk production of 6.9±1.9 L/day and were aged 4-10 years. Estrus signs were recorded at insemination and pregnancies were confirmed at 60 days by ultrasonography. Result: No significant associations were found between DIB use intensity and estrus detection patch response, mucus color, body condition score (CC), calvings, or breed purity (p>0.05). Body condition was associated with uterine turgor tone (p0.05). DIBs may be used up to a second-use, as cervical mucosal stimulation and pregnancy rate remain unaffected.This study was supported by the Project "Mejoramiento de la disponibilidad y acceso del material genético mediante el uso de técnicas de biotecnología reproductiva en ganado bovino tropical en las regiones de San Martin, Loreto y Ucayali" - PROMEG TROPICAL with CUI 2338934 of the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria
Reporte de repositorio institucional del 01 al 28 de febrero 2025
No full textDurante el mes de febrero se incorporaron 11 publicaciones técnico científicas, en el Repositorio Institucional del INIA, contando a la fecha con un total de 2519 publicaciones, divididas en comunidades y colecciones. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre las publicaciones técnico-científicas que vienen siendo incorporadas por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA