Repositorio Institucional INIA (Inst. Nacional de Innovacion Agraria)
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Reporte Anual del Repositorio Institucional del INIA 2024
No full textEn el reporte anual del Repositorio Institucional del INIA, se muestra un comparativo del total de documentos técnico científicos registrados a diciembre 2023 (2290) y diciembre 2024 (2489). Se observa un incremento de 199 registros incorporados el 2024 al Repositorio Institucional, en comparación a lo reportado el año 2023. El objetivo de este reporte es mantener actualizados los datos sobre las publicaciones técnico-científicas que vienen siendo incorporadas por el área a cargo de la administración del Repositorio Institucional del INIA
An approach to the impact of weather variables on the growth of Polylepis species in the central Andes of Peru
No full textThe Polylepis genus, endemic to the South American Andes, faces significant threats due to environmental variations, which jeopardize its growth and survival. This situation underscores the urgent need to develop conservation strategies. The present research assesses the influence of meteorological variables, such as temperature and humidity, on the growth and adaptation of various Polylepis species in the central Peruvian Andes, aiming to optimize reforestation and sustainable management practices. The study was conducted in experimental plots at the Santa Ana Agricultural Station in Junín, Peru, where Polylepis saplings, obtained from different localities, were planted. Over two years, phenotypic variables (height and diameter) and meteorological variables (precipitation, humidity, temperature, and wind speed) were monitored to evaluate the relationship between environmental conditions and plant development. The results showed that high humidity negatively affected all species, however wind speed appears to promote plant growth by creating an ideal microclimate that reduces soil moisture. Precipitation and maximum temperature had limited impact, indicating relative resilience to these factors. It should be noted that the species from Huancavelica and Yauyos have been adapting better to local conditions compared to those from Cerro de Pasco, which are more sensitive to humidity. These findings highlight the importance of considering wind speed and humidity in reforestation planning to improve the adaptability of Polylepis species. We conclude that humidity is the most decisive meteorological factor for the growth of Polylepis under specific conditions, emphasizing its relevance in planning conservation and reforestation strategies in the Peruvian Andes
Integration of VANT-LiDAR with multispectral imagery for the estimation of carbon stocks in Prosopis sp. forest plantations
No full textLos individuos del género Prosopis sp. conocidos como algarrobos; son especies claves en el desarrollo del bosque seco y recuperación de áreas degradadas en la Costa norte del Perú. La evaluación de plantaciones, cálculo de la biomasa aérea forestal (BAF) y carbono almacenado representa un papel importante en el manejo forestal y mitigación del cambio climático. Este estudio evalúa metodologías de monitoreo a través del uso de imágenes multiespectrales y LiDAR acopladas a un VANT, con la finalidad de realizar su validación y generar modelos que permitan estimar el carbono almacenado. Se evaluaron siete especies de Prosopis sp. con la metodología convencional y se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las especies para las características dasométricas e índices de vegetación, así como en la comparación con los datos obtenidos con el LiDAR. Se seleccionaron modelos para determinar BAF y la asociación entre el carbono aéreo obtenido con los modelos constituidos por datos de LiDAR e índices de vegetación que presentaron correlaciones significativas (p < 0,05), se construyeron siete modelos para predicción de carbono y destaca el modelo que tiene como variables regresoras la altura total y área de copa obtenidas del LiDAR, así como los índices CIgreen, GNDVI, RECI, LCI y NDVI (R² = 0,77). Lo cual confirma que el uso de la metodología LiDAR con los índices de vegetación permite una estimación más práctica del carbono almacenado en la plantación.Esta investigación fue financiada por el proyecto “Creación del servicio de agricultura de precisión en los departamentos de Lambayeque, Huancavelica, Ucayali y San Martín 4 Departamentos” con CUI 2449640 del Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario y Riego (MIDAGRI) del Gobierno del Perú
Manual para la elaboración y uso de biofertilizantes a partir de la cáscara de mazorca de cacao
No full textEl INIA, a través de la Dirección de Supervisión y Monitoreo en las Estaciones Experimentales Agrarias (DSME), viene ejecutando el proyecto de inversión “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali”, con CUI N° 2487112, el cual tiene como uno de sus objetivos evaluar prácticas alternativas para el manejo de suelos y agua en la producción agrícola.
En ese sentido, el presente “Manual para la elaboración y uso de biofertilizantes a partir de la cáscara de mazorca de cacao” reseña experiencias y resultados de las investigaciones del INIA relacionadas a la producción de biofertilizantes a partir de este residuo agrícola. Este documento se pone a disposición de agricultores, profesionales del sector agropecuario y público interesado en conocer una alternativa de producción de biofertilizantes y el uso de la cáscara de cacao
Endozoochory by Goats and White-Tailed Deer: Type of Ruminant Affect Recovery and Germination of Neltuma pallida Seeds
Get PDFThe "algarrobo", Neltuma pallida is a key tree species in the seasonally dry tropical forests in Equatorial Pacific South America, currently at risk. Its regeneration depends on endozoochorous seed dispersal, in which seeds are ingested and later defecated by animals, helping to release and scarify them. This study compared the role of the native white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the introduced goat (Capra hircus) in seed dispersal. Seeds were recovered from the dung of both species after experimental feeding and from free-ranging goats grazing in fruiting N. pallida forests. Seed recovery was higher in deer dung (9.4%) than in goat dung (3.1%). Retention time was also shorter in deer (peak at 48 hours) than in goats (peak at 84 hours). Only deer scarification significantly improved germination percentage (Tukey test, p < 0.001) and germination speed (T25 = 8.98 days). Goats reduced germination speed under experimental conditions (T25 = 19.25 days), but slightly improved it under forest conditions (T25 = 12.81 days). These differences are attributed to the morphophysiological traits of each species. Although goats did not enhance overall germination, they maintained it at ~44% and contributed to seed dispersal and dormancy release.This research was funded by the Vice-Rectorate for Research of the National Agrarian University La Molina through a thesis grant competition, and the APC was funded by the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), through the research goat project (CUI Nº 2506684)
Adaptability, Yield Stability, and Agronomic Performance of Improved Purple Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Across Diverse Agro-Ecological Zones in Peru
Get PDFPurple corn (Zea mays L.) is a nutraceutical crop of increasing economic importance in Peru, yet its productivity is highly influenced by genotype × environment (G × E) interactions across heterogeneous agro-ecological zones. Therefore, selecting suitable genotypes for specific environments is essential to optimize variety deployment and maximize site-specific yield. Five purple-maize genotypes (INIA-601, INIA-615, Canteño, PMV-581, and Sintético-MM) were evaluated in four contrasting Peruvian sites using a randomized complete-block design. Grain yield, field weight, anthesis–silking interval (ASI), plant height, and ear-rot incidence were analyzed with combined analysis of variance (ANOVA), the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), genotype and genotype-by-environment (GGE) biplots, Weighted Average of Absolute Scores (WAAS), weighted average of absolute scores and best yield index (WAASBY), and Y × WAAS indices. Environment accounted for 90.1% of field-weight variation (p < 0.0001) and 50.2% of grain-yield variation (p < 0.001), while significant G × E interactions (3.93% and 18.14%, respectively) justified bilinear modeling. AMMI1 and GGE "which-won-where" biplots identified INIA-615 and PMV-581 as broadly adapted, with INIA-615 achieving the highest WAASBY and positioning in quadrant IV of Y × WAAS (high yield, high stability). INIA-601 and Sintético-MM exhibited exceptional stability (low ASV) but moderate productivity; Canteño showed limited adaptability. Chumbibamba emerged as a key discriminating, high-productivity location. From an agronomic perspective, INIA-615 is recommended for high-productivity valleys such as Sulluscocha and Santa Rita, where its yield potential and stability are maximized. These findings underscore the potential of integrating multivariate stability metrics with physiological and disease-resistance traits to guide the selection of superior purple corn cultivars. Overall, INIA-615 represents a robust candidate for enhancing yield stability, supporting sustainable intensification, and expanding the nutraceutical value chain of purple corn in the Andean highlands.“Adaptability, Yield Stability, and Agronomic Performance of Improved Purple Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids across Diverse Agro-ecological Zones in Peru” was funded by the investment Project 2361771: “Improving the availability, access, and use of quality seeds for potato, amylaceous maize, grain legumes, and cereals in the regions of Junin, Ayacucho, Cusco, and Puno (4 departments)”, supported by Instituto Nacional de Innovacion Agraria (INIA) Peru
Territorial zoning as a strategy for sustainable natural resource management in Cajamarca, Northwestern Peru
Get PDFGenerating agricultural suitability analyses that are objective, consistent, and accessible through digital platforms remains a technical and methodological challenge, creating an information gap for certain stakeholders. To address this issue, we assessed the territorial suitability of the Cajamarca region for coffee and cocoa cultivation using 18 subcriteria grouped into climatic, edaphological, topographic, and socioeconomic categories. To reduce subjectivity and improve consistency in variable comparisons, we applied multicriteria evaluation techniques, including the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and Shannon entropy method. On the basis of the resulting weights, suitability models were generated using two approaches: one based on threshold reclassification and another using continuous suitability functions. Both approaches were validated using 3886 presence points for coffee and 671 for cocoa. The continuous approach demonstrated a greater ability to capture internal variability and spatial transitions, with greater dispersion and significant differences between classes. The most influential subcriteria for coffee were annual mean temperature, soil texture, elevation, and land use/land cover (LULC); for cocoa, they were annual mean temperature, soil pH, elevation, and LULC. In key districts, up to 59.8 % of the territory was classified as highly suitable, highlighting localized production potential. Finally, the results were integrated into the Suitability Watch Cajamarca application, developed in the Google Earth Engine, enabling interactive inspection of spatial suitability. This tool aims to support evidence-based agricultural planning and is intended for national scaling to other strategic crops.This research was financed by the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) through the Investment Project with CUI N° 2472675 titled: "Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia de tecnología agraria en la estación agraria experimental Baños del Inca en la localidad de Baños del Inca del distrito de Baños del Inca – provincia de Cajamarca - departamento de Cajamarca.
Efficacy of Biological and Chemical Control Agents Against the Potato Psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Šulc) Under Field Conditions
Get PDFPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important food crop worldwide and a cornerstone of food security across the Andean region. However, its production is increasingly threatened by the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, the causal agent of the purple-top complex associated with zebra chip disease, which severely reduces both tuber yield and quality. This study was conducted from September 2024 to February 2025 in the province of Huancabamba, Peru, to evaluate the efficacy of biological and chemical control agents against B. cockerelli under field conditions. A randomized complete block design was implemented with five treatments and four replicates, totaling 20 experimental units, each consisting of 20 potato plants (S. tuberosum L.), of which 10 plants were evaluated. Treatments included an untreated control (T0), a chemical control (thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin, and imidacloprid) (T1), and three biological control agents: Beauveria bassiana CCB LE-265 (>1.5 × 10¹⁰ conidia g⁻¹) (T2), Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 (1.0 × 10¹⁰ conidia g⁻¹) (T3), and Metarhizium anisopliae (1.0 × 10¹⁰ conidia g⁻¹) (T4). Foliar applications targeted eggs, nymphs, and adults of the psyllid. Results indicated that B. cockerelli mortality across developmental stages was lower under biological treatments compared with T1, which achieved the lowest probability of purple-top symptom expression (46%) and a zebra chip incidence of 60.60%. Among the biological agents, M. anisopliae (T4) reduced incidence to 56.60%, while P. lilacinus (T3) demonstrated consistent suppression of nymphal populations. In terms of yield, T1 achieved the highest tuber weight (198.86 g plant⁻¹) and number of tubers (7.74 plant⁻¹), followed by T3 (5.08) and T4 (4.24). Nevertheless, all treatments exhibited low yields and small tuber sizes, likely due to unfavorable environmental conditions and the presence of the invasive pest. Overall, chemical control was more effective than biological agents; however, the latter showed considerable potential for integration into sustainable pest management programs. Importantly, vector suppression alone does not guarantee the absence of purple-top complex symptoms or zebra chip disease in potato tubers.The authors express their gratitude to the National Institute of Agricultural Innovation (INIA) for financial support through the project “El Chira” (No. 2472190) and to the institutional research service for their assistance during this study. We also thank Milagros Ninoska Munoz-Salas for her valuable assistance in translating the manuscript into English
New record for Peru of the invasive Asian beetle Xylopsocus capucinus (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae: Bostrichinae), with biological and ecological notes
Get PDFAs part of our study of saproxylic fauna in cocoa (Theobroma cacao Linnaeus, 1753) sites in northern Peru, we present a new record of Xylopsocus capucinus (Fabricius, 1781) in the country. The species X. capucinus is considered an invasive beetle in the Bostrichidae family to Central America. Our report includes biological and ecological data from this site, as well as detailed taxonomic information and images to facilitate identification.We thank the Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) for the Investment Project with CUI No. 2472675 "Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia de tecnología agraria en la estación experimental agraria Baños del Inca en la localidad de Baños del Inca del distrito de Baños del Inca—provincia de Cajamarca—departamento de Cajamarca", which funded the execution of this research. We also thank Jani E. Mendoza and Jonathan M. Cruz-Malca for their technical assistance in the field. We thank John Leavengood Jr. for his help in revising and correcting the English grammar and the anonymous reviewers for their comments, which improved the quality of this document
Spatial prediction of soil organic carbon stocks across contrasting Andean basins, Peru
Get PDFSoil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) are critical components of the global carbon cycling and play a central role in climate change mitigation. However, their dynamics in high‐altitude Andean ecosystems remain poorly understood despite their importance for carbon sequestration. The significant spatial heterogeneity of SOCS in mountainous terrain makes accurate quantification and mapping challenging. This study evaluated the performance of geospatial regression and machine learning (ML) approaches for predicting SOCS in two Peruvian Andean basins: Torobamba and Coata. We compared Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), GWR with collinearity analysis (GWRC), their kriging‐adjusted variants, and ML models (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting). Models were built using key SOCS covariates for each basin and validated through 5‐fold cross‐validation with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R²). In Torobamba, GWRC markedly improved performance, reducing the RMSE by 79–90% and achieving R² up to 0.99. In contrast, Coata, showed only modest improvements (RMSE reductions of 7.8–9.8%, R² = 0.30–0.39). ML models performed poorly (negative R²), likely due to feature selection, parameter tuning, or limited sample size. Overall, locally weighted regression approaches (GWRK/GWRCK) outperformed conventional ML methods for SOCS prediction in complex mountain environments, particularly with small to medium sample sizes. These results highlight the importance of accounting for spatial non‐stationarity in SOCS and provide methodological guidance for SOCS mapping in Andean ecosystems.To the Soil, Water, and Foliar Laboratory (LABSAF) network technicians, especially of La Molina, Canaan, ´ and Illpa Experimental Agrarian Stations headquarters. Special thanks go to Marilia Coila Mamani and Fredy Flores Galindo for their help collecting soil sample